CN101457317B - Turbo material of AlTi basal body pressure booster and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Turbo material of AlTi basal body pressure booster and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101457317B CN101457317B CN2009100137323A CN200910013732A CN101457317B CN 101457317 B CN101457317 B CN 101457317B CN 2009100137323 A CN2009100137323 A CN 2009100137323A CN 200910013732 A CN200910013732 A CN 200910013732A CN 101457317 B CN101457317 B CN 101457317B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an AlTi matrix supercharger turbine material which is an AlTi matrix material used for the turbine of the supercharger and a manufacturing method thereof. The method mainly comprises the following steps: titanium powder, aluminum powder, chromium powder and manganese powder are mixed in proportion for ball-grinding, then the mixture is annealed, misch metal is added for the ball-grinding, and the mixture is cold pressed and hotpressed in vacuum to obtain the material. The mixture ratio for raw materials thereof is as follows (by weight percent): 5.0-8.0% of chromium, 0.80-1.30% of manganese, 35-45% of titanium; 2.0-3.0% of misch metal, less than 1.00% of total amount of iron, copper and zincum in impurities, and the balance of aluminum. The material is characterized by light weight, high strength and excellent plastic toughness; the turbine of the supercharger manufactured by the material has great responsivity and is not liable to deformation and cracking failure under condition of high temperature, high pressure and high speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material, particularly a kind of AlTi matrix material that is used for booster turbine the invention still further relates to this preparation methods.
Background technology
Turbocharger is installed on the intake and exhaust manifold of engine, under the working condition that be in high temperature, high pressure, runs up, therefore all requires very high to forming materials technology and the process technology of making.Require material that the good high-temperature mechanical performance is arranged, the higher creep rupture strength limit and good antifatigue and creep resisting performance be arranged.Booster turbine is very key and an important components on the booster, development along with the booster technology, turbine material is also being brought in constant renewal in the replacement, in the past, the material that the diesel pressure booster turbine generally adopts is 20Cr3MoWV (A), but this material is only applicable to the relatively large booster of low speed (about 40000r/min), and is more and more higher along with the rotating speed of booster, volume is more and more littler, what the diesel exhaust gas temperature had reaches more than 750 ℃, and this material can not satisfy the instructions for use of booster.At present, general automobile generally adopts the K418 nickel base superalloy with booster turbine.But the booster turbine that the K418 nickel base superalloy is made has very big limitation:
1) because particular job environment of booster turbine requires its high temperature resistant, high pressure, generally work being not less than under 750 ℃ the operating mode, through regular meeting metaboly appears for high rotating speed (small-sized booster reaches as high as 250000r/min) turbo blade.
2) when high temperature, high speed, inefficacy often appears flying to split in turbo blade.
3) turbine weight is big, and response is bad, the effect of inertia of impeller to throttle when rapid reacting condition slow, " response lags behind " appears in turbine, the automobile speed-raising is slow, the speed-raising smoke intensity is big.
Based on the use limitation of Ni-based K418 alloy and the instructions for use of turbocharger, be badly in need of a kind of not only in light weight, intensity is high but also be connected good new material with axle replaces.
Summary of the invention
At the defective that exists in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of AlTi matrix booster turbine material is provided, it has in light weight, advantages of high strength, and good plasticity and toughness are arranged, booster turbine response with its manufacturing is good, under the situation of high temperature, high pressure, high speed, be not prone to distortion and fly to split failure phenomenon.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods is provided, can makes above-mentioned material by this method.
For solving first technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of AlTi matrix booster turbine material, it carries out ball milling after mainly being mixed in proportion by titanium valve, aluminium powder, chromium powder, manganese powder, annealing in process then, add again the mishmetal ball-milling treatment and through cold pressing and vacuum high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) distortion after make, its material composition consists of (weight ratio): chromium 5.0～8.0%, manganese 0.80～1.30%, titanium 35～45%, mishmetal 2.0-3.0%, iron, copper, zinc total amount are less than 1.00% in the impurity, and all the other are aluminium.
For solving second technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: may further comprise the steps:
1) aluminium powder, titanium valve, chromium powder, manganese powder, dispersant are mixed and ball milling by weight, obtain titanium aluminium supersaturated solid solution;
2) with above-mentioned titanium aluminium supersaturated solid solution powder annealing in process;
3) solid-solution powder after will annealing adds after plasticiser and mishmetal mix, and carries out ball milling again;
4) be test block with the powder cold moudling behind the above-mentioned ball milling;
5) vacuum hot pressing formation is carried out in the test block of above-mentioned cold moudling.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described mixing and ball milling step can be carried out in ball mill, and the technological parameter of ball milling is: drum's speed of rotation 320～360r/min, ball-milling medium are Al
2O
3Ball, ratio of grinding media to material are 10: 1.
In the step 1): the ball milling temperature is a room temperature, and the ball milling time is 20 hours, feeds argon shield in the ball milling.
Step 2) annealing temperature is 750 ℃ in, and annealing time is 60-90 minute.
The ball milling time is 4 hours in the step 3).
After the test block of the cold moudling elder generation drying, reinstall and carry out vacuum hot pressing formation again after graphite jig is built in the drying box oven dry in the step 5).
In the vacuum hot pressing formation step: vacuum is 1.5 * 10
-1Pa, temperature is 1000 ℃, pressure 30MPa temperature retention time is 30 minutes.
Because material matrix of the present invention is the AlTi alloy, AlTi is the alloy material of a kind of high-melting-point, high rigidity, high elastic modulus, and it has stable chemical characteristic, is being difficult to oxidation below 700 ℃, meets the requirement as material matrix phase of the present invention.The Al-Ti alloy can form AlTi, Al
2Ti, Al
3Intermetallic compounds such as Ti (IM).AlTi-IM has low-density, high strength and good heat-resistant, and it can alleviate the weight of booster turbine.Studies show that, in AlTi-IM, add the 3rd alloying element and can obviously reduce its hardness, improve its plasticity.After adding alloying elements cr and Mn among the present invention, its lattice constant becomes big and the elastic modelling quantity reduction, and the d-d key weakens in the formed compound, and hardness descends thereupon, and fracture toughness improves.The fragility of AlTi-IM is to limit its biggest obstacle in the engineering practical application always.For solving its fragility problem to greatest extent, the present invention adds mishmetal in alloy, and further alloying obviously improves its plasticity.
In addition, in deformation at room temperature, demonstrate considerable compression plasticity after studies show that TiAl alloy alloying, have usually and surpass macroscopical plastic strain of 5%, wherein, can reach 8-15% to add Mn or the Cr alloying is best.Yet this tangible compressive plastic deformation often is accompanied by a considerable amount of microfissures and produces.Therefore the present invention adds rare earth element its toughness is further improved.TiAl room temperature fracture toughness is generally at 20-30MPam
1/2, and Al
45Ti
45Cr
8Mm2 and Al
66Ti
25Mn
9Mm alloy fracture toughness can be brought up to 35-45MPam
1/2
Among the preparation technology of material of the present invention, mixed-powder in mechanical milling process under the effect of abrading-ball high velocity impact, constantly be subjected to strong plastic deformation, the work hardening phenomenon appears on the surface of powder particle, when stress acquires a certain degree, the hardened layer of powder particle surface begins fragmentation, thereby forms clean " atomization surface "." the atomization surface " of these different elements is in contact with one another, and under the effect of impact stresses, cold welding is formed with the composite particles of certain atomic binding forces together mutually again.Along with proceeding of ball milling, these composite particles constantly are collided, and particle surface continues to produce plastic deformation, occurs work hardening once more, and stress acquires a certain degree and causes fragmentation.Through fragmentation-cold welding-shattering process repeatedly, formed the composite particles of sandwich construction.At this moment, put aside atom in each composite bed and fully spread required room, defectives such as dislocation.Behind ball milling after a while, the diffusion rate of atom increases suddenly, forms oversaturated solid solution.After the annealed again heat treatment of these oversaturated solid solution, under driving, heat energy forms the higher TiAl series intermetallic compound powder of purity fast.Add mixed rare-earth elements in these powder after, further alloying obviously improves its plasticity.These powder through cold pressing and vacuum hot pressing formation after can obtain higher intensity and good plasticity and toughness.
By above-mentioned narration as can be known, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: because its matrix material is the AlTi alloy, thereby it has low-density, high strength and good heat-resistant, by adding Mn in right amount, alloying elements such as Cr, can obviously improve the plasticity of material, by adding rare earth element, the toughness of material is further improved, therefore with Ni-based K418 alloy ratio, the density of its material obtains very big reduction, its intensity, wearability, plasticity and toughness, linear expansion coefficient and high-temperature behavior and nickel-base alloy are close, can improve the response of turbine rotor greatly, thereby have fundamentally solved the hysteresis effect of turbocharger.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with non-limiting embodiment below:
Embodiment 1
Aluminium of the present invention-titanium base material adopts two step process of mechanical alloying method preparation in early stage and later stage smelting method for preparing.
Its early stage, mechanical alloying method preparation technology was:
By weight being 45 parts of the aluminium powders of 200 orders (purity is 99.9%) with granularity, granularity is 42.2 parts of the titanium valves of 200 orders (purity is 99.0%), granularity is that 8.2 parts of chromium powders, the granularity of 200 orders (purity is 99.0%) is that 1.3 parts of 200 purpose manganese powders and purity are 99.9% stearic acid (dispersant) mixing, pack in the ball grinder, utilize mechanical alloying method (high-energy ball milling method), ball milling is 20 hours in ball grinder, forms the Ti-Al binary solid solution.Its milling parameters is: drum's speed of rotation 320r/min.Select 1Cr for use
18Ni
9The stainless cylinder of steel of Ti, Al
2O
3Ball is a ball-milling medium, and sphere diameter is respectively 10mm, 5mm, 3mm, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1.Ball milling at room temperature carries out, and adopts argon shield with anti-oxidation.In glove box, powder is taken out behind the ball milling, leave standstill 30 minutes after, take out and put into annealing furnace, 200 ℃/min of firing rate, temperature retention time 60min, and cool off with stove through 750 ℃ of annealing in process.
Later stage smelting method for preparing technology is:
With the powder after the annealing, add plasticiser, and add 2.5 parts of the mishmetals that granularity is 200 orders (purity is 99.0%), ball milling is 4 hours in ball grinder, take out the back on make-up machine with the pressure compression moulding of 12MPa, then test block is sent into drying box 100 ℃ of oven dry 2 hours down, the graphite jig and enter drying box once more 200 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour down of packing into after the taking-up together with mould, hip moulding in vacuum hotpressing stove is then made the intermediate alloy sample piece of Φ 30 * 200.Its technological parameter is as follows: die size Φ 30 * 200, vacuum 1.5 * 10
-1Pa, 1000 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, 30MPa is incubated 30 minutes down, cools off with stove.
In the ball-milling technology among the present invention, mixed-powder in mechanical milling process under the effect of abrading-ball high velocity impact, make material powder form titanium aluminium supersaturated solid solution, by subsequent annealing technology, the final higher Intermatallic Ti-Al compound powder of purity that forms under the driving of heat energy.The purpose of cold moudling is in order to increase the density of material, to reduce voidage.The advantage of vacuum hot pressing formation is that forming temperature is low, and the product densification can improve the processing performance and the mechanical performance of material.
The density 4.04g/cm of this material sample
3, rigidity 172GPa, 1060 ℃ of high-temerature creep temperature, highest oxidation temperature 845, temperature-room type plasticity 6%, operating temperature plasticity 15%, tensile strength 620MPa, operating temperature tensile strength 550MPa.Material has fabulous non-oxidizability, and resistance to elevated temperatures is better than conventional titanium alloy.
Embodiment 2
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is:
Raw material proportioning difference sees Table 1;
Drum's speed of rotation 360r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours among the preparation technology in earlier stage;
After powder behind the ball milling leaves standstill 40 minutes, carry out annealing in process again;
Annealing temperature retention time 90 minutes.
The density 4.04g/cm of this sample
3, rigidity 169GPa, 1010 ℃ of high-temerature creep temperature, highest oxidation temperature 885, temperature-room type plasticity 6.2%, operating temperature plasticity 14.6%, tensile strength 610MPa, operating temperature tensile strength 560MPa.K418 alloy relatively, the weight saving of new material 30%, high-temperature oxidation resistance, impact flexibility have improved 1.4% and 1.3% respectively, material has fabulous non-oxidizability, resistance to elevated temperatures is better than conventional titanium alloy.
Embodiment 3
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is:
Raw material proportioning difference sees Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is:
Raw material proportioning difference sees Table 1;
Drum's speed of rotation 360r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours among the preparation technology in earlier stage;
After powder behind the ball milling leaves standstill 40 minutes, carry out annealing in process again;
Annealing temperature retention time 90 minutes;
Embodiment 5
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is:
Raw material proportioning difference sees Table 1.
Table 1
| Each component content | The Al weight portion | The Ti weight portion | The Cr weight portion | The Mn weight portion | The mishmetal weight portion | Other weight portions |
| Embodiment 1 | 45 | 42.2 | 8.2 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 46.5 | 41.1 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 46.4 | 45 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8 |
| Embodiment 4 | 51.8 | 35 | 8.0 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 1 |
| Embodiment 5 | 45 | 44 | 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
In sum, titanium alumina-base material by manufacture method preparation of the present invention, not only have in light weight, intensity is high, the characteristics of good toughness are arranged, and by alloying further improved material fracture toughness, improved its high-temperature oxidation resistance, therefore good with the turbine rotor response of its manufacturing, in the situation of high temperature, high pressure, high speed, be not prone to distortion and fly to split failure phenomenon.
Claims (5)
1. AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods, it is characterized in that: this material carries out ball milling after mainly being mixed in proportion by titanium valve, aluminium powder, chromium powder, manganese powder, annealing in process then, add again the mishmetal ball-milling treatment and through cold pressing and vacuum hotpressing distortion after make, its raw material proportioning is by weight: chromium 5.0～8.0%, manganese 0.80～1.30%, titanium 35～45%, mishmetal 2.0-3.0%, iron, copper, zinc total amount are less than 1.00% in the impurity, and all the other are aluminium; Its concrete steps are as follows:
1) aluminium powder, titanium valve, chromium powder, manganese powder are mixed and ball milling by weight ratio, obtain titanium aluminium supersaturated solid solution powder, described mixing and ball milling step are carried out in ball mill, and the technological parameter of ball milling is: drum's speed of rotation 320～360r/min, ball-milling medium are Al
2O
3Ball, ratio of grinding media to material are 10: 1, and the ball milling temperature is a room temperature, and the ball milling time is 20 hours, feeds argon shield in the mechanical milling process;
2) with above-mentioned titanium aluminium supersaturated solid solution powder annealing in process;
3) solid-solution powder after will annealing adds after plasticiser and mishmetal mix, and carries out ball milling again;
4) be test block with the powder cold moudling behind the ball milling in the step 3);
5) vacuum hot pressing formation is carried out in the test block of above-mentioned cold moudling.
2. AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) in annealing temperature be 750 ℃, annealing time is 60-90 minute.
3. AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ball milling time is 4 hours in the step 3).
4. AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: after the test block of the cold moudling elder generation drying, reinstall and carry out vacuum hot pressing formation again after graphite jig is built in the drying box oven dry in the step 5).
5. AlTi matrix booster turbine preparation methods according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the vacuum hot pressing formation step: vacuum is 1.5 * 10
-1Pa, temperature is 1000 ℃, pressure 30MPa, temperature retention time is 30 minutes.
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| CN101774114B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-05-18 | 煤炭科学研究总院太原研究院 | Manufacturing method of turbine of copper alloy coupler |
| CN102139370A (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2011-08-03 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing Ti2AlC self-lubricating and heat-resisting structural material |
| CN105312555A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏恒尚动力高科有限公司 | Supercharger turbine materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN106566943A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 无锡市永兴金属软管有限公司 | Preparation method for alloy material used for metal hoses |
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