CN113088734A - Preparation method of titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088734A CN113088734A CN202110386164.2A CN202110386164A CN113088734A CN 113088734 A CN113088734 A CN 113088734A CN 202110386164 A CN202110386164 A CN 202110386164A CN 113088734 A CN113088734 A CN 113088734A
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- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910006281 γ-TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004349 Ti-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004692 Ti—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
- C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block, which utilizes Ti + Al + Ti2AlNb mixed powder as a raw material, explores and prepares a novel titanium-aluminum alloy material through hot-pressing sintering, obviously improves the elongation at room temperature compared with the conventional TiAl, and has stable high-temperature fracture strength and oxidation resistance at 750 ℃. The requirement of national weaponry on high-temperature titanium alloy materials with long-term working temperature stably reaching 750 ℃ is very urgent, such as high-pressure compressor blades, high-pressure compressor disks, casings and the like, but the room temperature brittleness of the existing TiAl materials is too high. The novel titanium-aluminum alloy researched by the project basically keeps the heat strength of TiAl, but obviously reduces the room temperature brittleness, obviously improves the engineering practicability, embodies obvious technical progress and provides important technical support for the development of heat-resistant parts on an aviation thrust-weight ratio 1215 engine and a high-performance aerospace propeller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block, belonging to the technical field of hot working.
Background
The gamma-TiAl intermetallic compound has a series of advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good high-temperature performance and the like, and the long-term use temperature of the gamma-TiAl intermetallic compound is generally considered to even reach 750-800 ℃ (typical high-temperature performance data is about 800 ℃, and the tensile strength is about 500 MPa), on one hand, the gamma-TiAl intermetallic compound can replace the conventional Ti-based alloy, thereby improving the use temperature of the material; on the other hand, the alloy can replace Ni-based high-temperature alloy to achieve the purpose of weight reduction, and the weight reduction effect is more obvious compared with that of Ti2AlNb alloy, which is very attractive for meeting the high-temperature service requirement and reducing the importance of a high-performance aircraft engine.
However, the biggest problem of the gamma-TiAl intermetallic compound is poor room temperature plasticity, for example, after forging and heat treatment, the room temperature elongation of the material is only about 1.0-3.0% and is difficult to exceed 3.5-4.0%, so that the cold and hot processing formability of the material is poor, the machining difficulty of the component is high, and the safety and reliability of the component are seriously affected, so that the design and application of the gamma-TiAl material in many high-temperature parts of airplanes and engines are limited.
The Ti2AlNb alloy is a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound with an orthogonal structure O phase as a matrix, and has better strength, plasticity and toughness and creep resistance (typical room temperature performance data: about 1100MPa of tensile strength and 8-14 percent of elongation) at 650-700 ℃, and low density, so the Ti2AlNb alloy has better application potential in the fields of aviation and aerospace. Nevertheless, it is believed that the long term stable operating temperature of such materials is difficult to exceed 700 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block aiming at the defects in the prior art in China, and aims to provide a titanium-based high-temperature alloy which has high practicability and can reach the long-term working temperature of 700-750 ℃ and the room-temperature elongation of 3.5-5.0%, and provide important theoretical basis and manufacturing technical reserve for the development of related heat-resistant parts of new-generation equipment in China.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block comprises the following steps:
step one, powder preparation
Weighing pure Ti powder, pure Al powder and Ti2AlNb powder with consistent powder granularity according to the weight of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block, wherein the mass ratio of the pure Ti powder to the pure Al powder is consistent with the atomic ratio, and the volume of the Ti2AlNb powder accounts for 5-15% of the volume of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block;
step two, hot-pressing sintering die preparation
Wiping the hot-pressing sintering mold with alcohol, coating the hot-pressing sintering mold with the boron nitride emulsion, and naturally drying;
step three, hot-pressing sintering
Putting the three kinds of powder into a mortar, mixing the powder in a vacuum environment, pouring the mixture into a hot-pressing sintering mold after mixing, putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a vacuum sintering furnace, sintering the mixture for 0.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 1150 to 1400 ℃ and under the pressure of 30 to 40MPa, cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and taking out the mixture to obtain the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block.
In one implementation, the purity of the pure Ti and Al powders is greater than 99.99%.
In one implementation, the pure Ti powder, the pure Al powder and the Ti2AlNb powder have a powder particle size of-400 meshes to-600 meshes.
In one implementation, the hot-pressed sintering mold is made of domestic highest-strength graphite.
In one implementation, the pressure in step three is 30 MPa.
In one implementation, the prepared titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 500-600 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 300-400 mm.
In one implementation, the resulting titanium-aluminum-based superalloy mass produced has a grain size of less than 15 microns.
In one implementation, the hot-pressing sintering die is composed of an upper pressing head 1, an upper gasket 2, a hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4, a lower gasket 5 and a lower pressing head 6, wherein the upper pressing head 1 and the upper gasket 2 are pressed from the upper part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4 to the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4, the lower pressing head 6 and the lower gasket 5 are pressed from the lower part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4 to the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4, high pressure is formed on a powder mixture at the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4 together, and the upper pressing head 1, the upper gasket 2, the lower gasket 5 and the lower pressing head 6 are in transition fit with the hot-pressing sintering cylinder 4.
According to the technical scheme, the novel high-temperature titanium-aluminum material is prepared by using Ti + Al + Ti2AlNb mixed powder as a raw material and performing hot-pressing sintering. The novel titanium-aluminum alloy material basically keeps the heat strength of TiAl, but obviously reduces the room temperature brittleness, and represents remarkable technical progress. The research result can be applied to various heat-resistant parts such as high-pressure compressor blades, high-pressure compressor disks and casings, compressor integral guides, guide vane inner rings, combustion chamber casings, turbine disks and the like of high thrust-weight ratio aircraft engines, and provides important theoretical basis and material technical reserve for the development of related heat-resistant parts of new-generation equipment in China. Has good social benefit.
According to the technical scheme, the hot-pressing sintering process is adopted, because the powder granularity is too small, the pure Ti powder and the pure Al powder have high surface activity, the powder surface is very easy to oxidize in the preparation process, certain water and gas can be generated on the oxidized powder surface along with the increase of the temperature, if the hot isostatic pressing process is adopted, the water and the gas are difficult to volatilize, the integral compactness of the material is influenced, and if the electric spark sintering process is adopted, the block material with the diameter larger than 300 mm cannot be prepared. Therefore, the hot-pressing sintering process adopted by the technical scheme of the invention belongs to the forward research, exploration and pre-research of titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy blocks, breaks through the limit of the existing hot-pressing sintering process in the process, and is limited only by the diameter of the block larger than 500 mm due to the limitation of process conditions (insufficient graphite strength and the limitation of a workshop section of hot-pressing sintering equipment), the grain size of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature material is smaller than 15 micrometers through the combination of various process conditions, and the performance index of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature material can reach the titanium-based high-temperature alloy with strong practicability (the room temperature elongation reaches 3.5% -5.0%) with the long-term working temperature. For practical applications, further research is needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hot-pressing sintering mold in the technical scheme of the invention
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples:
the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, powder preparation
Weighing pure Ti powder, pure Al powder and Ti2AlNb powder with consistent powder granularity according to the weight of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block, wherein the mass ratio of the pure Ti powder to the pure Al powder is consistent with the atomic ratio, and the volume of the Ti2AlNb powder accounts for 10% of the volume of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block;
in this embodiment, the purities of the pure Ti powder and the pure Al powder are greater than 99.99%;
in the embodiment, the powder granularity of the pure Ti powder, the pure Al powder and the Ti2AlNb powder is-400 meshes to-600 meshes;
step two, hot-pressing sintering die preparation
Wiping the hot-pressing sintering mould with alcohol, coating the hot-pressing sintering mould with the boron nitride emulsion, and naturally drying;
step three, hot-pressing sintering
Putting the three kinds of powder into a mortar, mixing the powder in a vacuum environment, pouring the mixed powder into a hot-pressing sintering mold, putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a vacuum sintering furnace, sintering the powder for 2 hours at the temperature of 1200 ℃ and under 30MPa, cooling the powder along with the furnace to below 300 ℃, and taking the powder out to obtain the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block.
In the embodiment, the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is a cylinder, the diameter of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is 500-600 mm, the height of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is 300-400 mm, and the grain size of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is less than 15 microns
In this embodiment, the hot pressing sintering mould is made of domestic highest strength graphite, the hot pressing sintering mould comprises an upper pressing head 1, an upper gasket 2, a hot pressing sintering cylinder 4, a lower gasket 5 and a lower pressing head 6, wherein the upper pressing head 1 and the upper gasket 2 extrude from the upper part of the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4 to the central part of the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4, the lower pressing head 6 and the lower gasket 5 extrude from the lower part of the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4 to the central part of the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4, high pressure is formed on a powder mixture at the central part of the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4 together, and the upper pressing head 1, the upper gasket 2, the lower gasket 5 and the lower pressing head 6 are in transition fit with the hot pressing sintering cylinder 4.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, powder preparation
Weighing pure Ti powder, pure Al powder and Ti2AlNb powder with consistent powder granularity according to the weight of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block, wherein the mass ratio of the pure Ti powder to the pure Al powder is consistent with the atomic ratio, and the volume of the Ti2AlNb powder accounts for 5-15% of the volume of the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block;
step two, hot-pressing sintering die preparation
Wiping the hot-pressing sintering mold with alcohol, coating the hot-pressing sintering mold with the boron nitride emulsion, and naturally drying;
step three, hot-pressing sintering
Putting the three kinds of powder into a mortar, mixing the powder in a vacuum environment, pouring the mixture into a hot-pressing sintering mold after mixing, putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a vacuum sintering furnace, sintering the mixture for 0.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 1150 to 1400 ℃ and under the pressure of 30 to 40MPa, cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and taking out the mixture to obtain the titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block.
2. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the purities of the pure Ti powder and the pure Al powder are more than 99.99 percent.
3. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the powder granularity of the pure Ti powder, the pure Al powder and the Ti2AlNb powder is-400 meshes to-600 meshes.
4. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the hot-pressing sintering mould is made of domestic highest-strength graphite.
5. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure in the third step is 30 MPa.
6. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 500-600 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 300-400 mm.
7. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the prepared titanium-aluminum-based high-temperature alloy block is less than 15 microns.
8. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum-based superalloy block according to claim 1, wherein: the hot-pressing sintering die is composed of an upper pressing head (1), an upper gasket (2), a hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4), a lower gasket (5) and a lower pressing head (6), wherein the upper pressing head (1) and the upper gasket (2) extrude from the upper part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4) to the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4), the lower pressing head (6) and the lower gasket (5) extrude from the lower part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4) to the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4), high pressure is formed on a powder mixture at the central part of the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4) jointly, and the upper pressing head (1), the upper gasket (2), the lower gasket (5) and the lower pressing head (6) are in transition fit with the hot-pressing sintering cylinder (4).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116200622A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-06-02 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of superfine crystal TiAl alloy and composite material thereof |
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2021
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116200622A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-06-02 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of superfine crystal TiAl alloy and composite material thereof |
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