CN102114719A - Aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102114719A CN102114719A CN2009102442689A CN200910244268A CN102114719A CN 102114719 A CN102114719 A CN 102114719A CN 2009102442689 A CN2009102442689 A CN 2009102442689A CN 200910244268 A CN200910244268 A CN 200910244268A CN 102114719 A CN102114719 A CN 102114719A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical filed of particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite materials and in particular relates to an aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is characterized in that the surface layer of the aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is made of pure aluminium, and the core interlayer of the aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is composed of a particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material. The aluminium plating of the aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is realized in the process of carrying out vacuum hotpressing or hot isostatic pressing by using a powder metallurgic method. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out powder densification on particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite materials through vacuum hotpressing or hot isostatic pressing, and simultaneously, carrying out metallurgical bonding on an aluminum die-sleeve and a composite material blank at high temperature and high pressure so as to obtained the aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material. The aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material can be subjected to one or more subsequent processing such as extrusion, forging, rolling and heat treatment so as to obtain various aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite materials with different specifications and properties. The aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material can be applied to occasions with anticorrosion or electromagnetic shielding demands.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field; Be particularly related to a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has excellent comprehensive performances such as specific strength height, specific stiffness height, wear-resistant, endurance, thermal coefficient of expansion be little, can be widely used in fields such as Aero-Space, automobile, electronics, sports equipment.In a lot of application scenarios, the surface property of material also there is special requirement, such as antiseptic property, capability of electromagnetic shielding etc., the surface of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material itself can not meet specific requirement.
Powder metallurgic method is a kind of comparatively ripe method for preparing particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.In the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material owing to strengthen the existence of body, increased the metallurgical inhomogeneities of material, can be used as the corrosion activity center owing to strengthen body itself, and may change matrix transition kinetics process, form the precipitated phase of easy initiation corrosion at matrix and enhancing body interface, interface residual stress and high density dislocation also easily cause spot corrosion, make the corrosion resistance of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material in corrosive medium poorer than not containing the matrix alloy that strengthens body.At present, the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material process for protecting surface mainly contains methods such as differential arc oxidation, anodic oxidation, chemical passivation, organic coating and chemical nickel plating, and these methods all are that electrochemical properties itself is carried out the later stage electrochemical treatments with regard to inconsistent particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material surface, not only process conditions complexity, surface quality are difficult to control, and be easy to generate pollution, limited the application of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Electromagnetic shielding is to suppress to disturb the effective means that strengthens reliability of electronic equipment and improve the quality of products.Reasonably use electromagnetic shielding, can suppress the interference of external frequency electromagnetic waves, also can avoid removing to influence other equipment as interference source.Aeronautics and Astronautics and automobile industry etc. have promoted the application of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material on its electronic equipment to light-weighted an urgent demand.Because some electronic equipment precision and highly sensitive need good electromagnetism environment, particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material itself can not satisfy the requirement of electromagnetic shielding sometimes.For guaranteeing the reliability of electronic equipment, must be at composite element surface preparation coating for EMI shielding, to avoid the electromagnetic interference between the electronic devices and to prevent that the hot polymerization collection effect that thunder and lightning causes from damaging.The preparation method of present this coating for EMI shielding mainly contains spraying, plating, chemical plating etc.Because the metallurgical inhomogeneities of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material itself, these methods also exist certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to realize that a kind of surface coats the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of fine aluminium, so that this composite has anti-corrosion function and electro-magnetic screen function.
Two of purpose of the present invention is to realize a kind of method that the surface coats the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of fine aluminium for preparing.
The objective of the invention is to reach by the following technical programs:
A kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, described its superficial layer of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is an aluminum layer, the core interlayer is a particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
In alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, the thickness of the superficial layer of described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is 0.05～5mm.
In alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, the following 1mm that is limited to of the thickness of the core interlayer of described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, if the thickness of core interlayer is lower than 1mm, just show not obvious as the excellent comprehensive performance of the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of core interlayer; And the upper limit of the thickness of core interlayer does not limit, can be infinitely great, as long as it is just passable that aluminum layer can coat the core interlayer, but as the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, the preferred 1～100mm of thickness of the core interlayer of described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
In alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, the enhancing body particle of described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is SiC, AlN, Al
2O
3, Si, B
4C, TiB
2, Si
3N
4With one or more the mixing in the TiC particle, its matrix is fine aluminium or aluminium alloy.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is that powder metallurgic method vacuum hotpressing or high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) directly coat.
A kind of preparation method of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material comprises the steps:
(1) will strengthen body particle and base aluminum or Al alloy powder mixes and prepares the aluminum matrix composite powder;
(2) the aluminum matrix composite powder that mixes is packed into aluminum die sleeve and seal with aluminium lid;
(3) the aluminum die sleeve that the aluminum matrix composite powder will be housed is put into steel die and is carried out vacuum hotpressing, sloughs steel die after the vacuum hotpressing, obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material;
The aluminum die sleeve that the aluminum matrix composite powder perhaps will be housed carries out vacuum outgas, carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) after the vacuum outgas, obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
In the preparation method of a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, this method also comprises step (4):
(4) the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that step (3) is obtained push, one or more the following process in the forging, rolling and heat treatment, to obtain the different and different alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of performance of all size.
In the preparation method of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, in described step (2), pack into the thickness of aluminum die sleeve of aluminum matrix composite powder is 0.05～5mm.
In the preparation method of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, in described step (3), the process conditions of carrying out vacuum hotpressing are: pressure 20～200MPa, 400～600 ℃ of temperature, time 2～12h.
In the preparation method of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, in described step (3), the process conditions of carrying out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) are: pressure 20～200MPa, 400～600 ℃ of temperature, time 2～12h.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is with regard to the clad surface aluminum layer in powder metallurgic method compressed granulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material described in the described step (3) is packed even mixed particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder into and is carried out forming behind vacuum hotpressing or the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) in the aluminum die sleeve.
Method of the present invention is to make aluminum die sleeve and composite blank form metallurgical binding when making the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder densification by vacuum hotpressing or high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) under HTHP, obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
A kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, its superficial layer is a fine aluminium, the core interlayer is a particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.Because the coating of fine aluminium is arranged, make particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material in follow-up forging, extruding, hot procedure such as rolling, obtain lubricated and protection, improved its machine-shaping property; Simultaneously owing to formed firm metallurgical binding between surperficial fine aluminium and the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material central layer, make alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention both have the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material excellent mechanical property, have the surface electrochemistry or the electromagnetic property of fine aluminium again concurrently, have anticorrosion and electro-magnetic screen function, both can be used for the mechanics member designs, can be used for the electronic function device design again, have purposes widely.
The preparation method of this alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of realization of the present invention, process route is succinct, control can be designed in conjunction with solid and reliable, aluminium coating and composite layer chemical composition and thickness in the interface, can produce flexibly according to actual needs.
The present invention will be further described below by the specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, but do not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material layer structure schematic diagram, and wherein label 1 is surperficial aluminum layer, and label 2 is a core particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites layer;
Fig. 2 is the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder aluminum die sleeve generalized section of packing into, and wherein label 1 ' is the fine aluminium die sleeve, and label 2 ' is a core particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites powder;
Fig. 3 is the vacuum hotpressing schematic diagram, and wherein label 11 is the vacuum hotpressing chamber, and label 12 is for being equipped with the fine aluminium die sleeve and the steel die assembly to be pressed of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder, and label 13 is a heater element.
Fig. 4 is the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) schematic diagram, and wherein label 11 ' is a hot isostatic chamber, and label 12 ' is for being equipped with the fine aluminium die sleeve assembly to be pressed of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder, and label 13 ' is a heater element.
The specific embodiment
The alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that present embodiment is prepared, as shown in Figure 1, its superficial layer is surperficial aluminum layer 1, and core particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites layer 2 is 37%vol.AlN/6061 (percent by volume that strengthens body particle AlN is 37%, and surplus is an alloy matrix aluminum wrought aluminium 6061).
Its preparation method is: as shown in Figure 2, (1) is the round barrel shape fine aluminium die sleeve 1 ' of 1mm with the 37%vol.AlN/6061 core particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites powder 2 ' that the mixes wall thickness of packing into; (2) build in the steel die of again its integral body being packed into behind the fine aluminium cover plate; Shown in Figure 3, in vacuum hotpressing chamber 11, be provided with heater element 13, (3) the fine aluminium die sleeve of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder and steel die will be housed waits to press the assembly 12 vacuum hotpressing chamber 11 of packing into to suppress, its process conditions are: pressure 30MPa, 600 ℃ of temperature, time 6h sloughs steel die after the vacuum hotpressing, obtain the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
The alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that present embodiment is prepared, as shown in Figure 1, its superficial layer is surperficial aluminum layer 1, core particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites layer 2 is 25%vol.SiC
p/ 2009 (strengthen body particle SiC
pPercent by volume be 25%, surplus is an alloy matrix aluminum duralumin 2009).
Its preparation method is: as shown in Figure 2, (1) is with the 25%vol.SiC that mixes
p/ 2009 core alumina particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites powder 2 ' wall thickness of packing into is the round barrel shape fine aluminium die sleeve 1 ' of 5mm; (2) build behind the fine aluminium cover plate again with its vacuumize degassing; Shown in Figure 4, in hot isostatic chamber 11 ', be provided with heater element 13 ', (3) the fine aluminium die sleeve that the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material powder is housed after the vacuum outgas is waited to press the assembly 12 ' hot isostatic chamber 11 ' of packing into suppress, its process conditions are: pressure 200MPa, 500 ℃ of temperature, time 2h obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material after the compacting.
Claims (9)
1. alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, it is characterized in that: described its superficial layer of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is an aluminum layer, and the core interlayer is a particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
2. alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness of the superficial layer of described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is 0.05～5mm.
3. alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness 1～100mm of the core interlayer of described alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
4. alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the enhancing body particle of described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is SiC, AlN, Al
2O
3, Si, B
4C, TiB
2, Si
3N
4With one or more the mixing in the TiC particle, its matrix is fine aluminium or aluminium alloy.
5. the preparation method of an alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material comprises the steps:
(1) will strengthen body particle and base aluminum or Al alloy powder mixes and prepares the aluminum matrix composite powder;
(2) the aluminum matrix composite powder that mixes is packed into aluminum die sleeve and seal with aluminium lid;
(3) the aluminum die sleeve that the aluminum matrix composite powder will be housed is put into steel die and is carried out vacuum hotpressing, sloughs steel die after the vacuum hotpressing, obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material;
The aluminum die sleeve that the aluminum matrix composite powder perhaps will be housed carries out vacuum outgas, carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) after the vacuum outgas, obtains the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
6. the preparation method of a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: this method also comprises step (4):
(4) the alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that step (3) is obtained push, one or more the following process in the forging, rolling and heat treatment, to obtain the different and different alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of performance of all size.
7. the preparation method of a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (2), pack into the thickness of aluminum die sleeve of aluminum matrix composite powder is 0.05～5mm.
8. the preparation method of a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), the process conditions of carrying out vacuum hotpressing are: pressure 20～200MPa, 400～600 ℃ of temperature, time 2～12h.
9. the preparation method of a kind of alclad particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), the process conditions of carrying out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) are: pressure 20～200MPa, 400～600 ℃ of temperature, time 2～12h.
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| CN104611597A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-13 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Particle reinforced aluminum-based billet moulding and degassing method |
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