CN115466876A - Powder metallurgy friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115466876A CN115466876A CN202211249802.7A CN202211249802A CN115466876A CN 115466876 A CN115466876 A CN 115466876A CN 202211249802 A CN202211249802 A CN 202211249802A CN 115466876 A CN115466876 A CN 115466876A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
Abstract
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises, by mass, 51-55 parts of copper powder, 12-15 parts of iron powder, 13-20 parts of granular graphite, 0-1.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3-6 parts of ferrochrome powder, 4-7 parts of chromium powder, 2-5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 0-1.5 parts of ferromanganese powder and 2-6 parts of tungsten powder. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on the performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also the prepared brake byproduct has more stable performance, is wear-resistant and has prolonged service life. The powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention is improved aiming at the use characteristics of an unmanned aerial vehicle, the problem that the existing friction material cannot meet the use environment requirement is solved, the prepared brake pair can meet the use condition of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle, and stable and reliable brake torque and good wear resistance are provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle braking, relates to a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a preparation process and application thereof, and particularly relates to a powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The battlefield will be towards the direction of unmanned, intelligent deep development in the future, unmanned aerial vehicle will be widely used in more fields in future operation, reconnaissance plane, bait machine, attack plane all appear unmanned shadow of operation, in view of unmanned aerial vehicle technique's increasingly prosperous in the dual-purpose field of military and civilian application demand, in foreseeable future, the national number of participating in import and export unmanned aerial vehicle transaction will further increase, the unmanned aerial vehicle model of participating in import and export transaction is also more abundant. The brake pair (the whole brake disc participating in braking is a general name) is a device for braking when the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off and land, slides and brakes, is an important guarantee for safe operation, and is parallel to the engine and is a key part of the A class of the aircraft, so that the braking performance of the friction material of the brake pair directly influences the safety and application of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The harsh high-temperature high-strength high-frequency use environment in the braking process causes very limited materials capable of meeting the braking requirements, and the selection of a proper powder metallurgy material is the key for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the brake pair.
However, with the gradual improvement of the performance and functions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the technical parameters such as landing weight, landing speed and braking distance are greatly improved, and further the requirements on a brake pair are further improved, however, the existing powder metallurgy friction material is difficult to meet the use conditions and requirements of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle, especially cannot provide the braking performance meeting the use requirements, and can cause serious safety problems such as jamming, runway slipping, crash and the like in the landing process of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the use process. And the existing powder metallurgy friction material also has the problems of complex manufacturing process, short service life, high cost and the like.
Therefore, how to obtain a more suitable powder metallurgy friction material, which has better service performance and service life, has become one of the problems to be solved urgently for many research and development enterprises and first-line researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a preparation process and an application thereof, and particularly to a powder metallurgy friction material for a brake pair of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the friction material comprises a powder metallurgy friction material;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is specifically an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair;
the raw material comprises a powder raw material;
the friction material is obtained by performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding on raw materials.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise aviation kerosene;
the mass of the aviation kerosene accounts for 1.0-1.5% of the mass of the solid phase raw material in the raw material;
the friction material is obtained by sintering the raw materials under low pressure.
Preferably, the base component of the friction material comprises copper powder and iron powder;
the copper powder comprises electrolytic copper powder;
the granularity of the copper powder is 45-75 mu m;
the iron powder includes reduced iron powder;
the particle size of the iron powder is 45-75 mu m.
Preferably, the friction component of the friction material comprises silicon carbide;
the granularity of the silicon carbide is 150-350 mu m;
the lubricating component of the friction material comprises granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide;
the molybdenum disulfide comprises MoS 2 A colloidal powder;
the granularity of the molybdenum disulfide is 1.5-4 mu m.
Preferably, the reinforcing component of the friction material comprises ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder and tungsten powder;
the particle size of the ferrochrome powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the manganese iron powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the particle size of the chromium powder is less than or equal to 60 mu m;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 3-8 mu m;
the ferrochrome powder comprises medium carbon ferrochrome powder;
the manganese iron powder comprises medium-carbon manganese iron powder.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
the raw material powder comprises one or more of copper powder, iron powder, granular graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochromium powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder and tungsten powder;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the step into a die, and performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding to obtain a block-shaped green compact;
3) And under hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure sintering on the block-shaped compact obtained in the step to obtain the friction material.
Preferably, the mixing time is 1 to 4 hours;
the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 300-500 MPa;
the time of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 1-2 s.
Preferably, the specific steps of the low-pressure sintering include: stacking the massive pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering;
the pressure of the low-pressure sintering is 0.4-1.1 MPa;
the temperature of the low-pressure sintering is 990-1030 ℃;
the heat preservation time of the low-pressure sintering is 2-4 h;
the method also comprises a machining treatment step after the low-pressure sintering.
The invention also provides application of the friction material in any one of the technical schemes or the friction material prepared by the preparation process in any one of the technical schemes in the aspect of brake pairs of unmanned aerial vehicles.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises, by mass, 51-55 parts of copper powder, 12-15 parts of iron powder, 13-20 parts of granular graphite, 0-1.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3-6 parts of ferrochrome powder, 4-7 parts of chromium powder, 2-5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 0-1.5 parts of ferromanganese powder and 2-6 parts of tungsten powder. Compared with the powder metallurgy friction material in the prior art, the invention improves the use characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and solves the problem that the existing friction material cannot meet the use environment requirement of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on the performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also has more stable performance, wear resistance and prolonged service life after being prepared into a brake byproduct, and the brake pair for the unmanned aerial vehicle prepared by the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention can meet the use condition of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle and provide stable and reliable brake torque and good wear resistance.
According to the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention, the copper-iron base is used as a material matrix, so that the material is ensured to have certain strength and excellent heat conductivity; adding a proper amount of granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide as lubricating components, improving the anti-gluing performance and the wear resistance of the existing material, and simultaneously playing a role in stabilizing the friction coefficient; adding a proper amount of silicon carbide as a friction component to improve the friction performance of the material; manganese iron powder and ferrochrome powder are added to further strengthen the material matrix and improve the comprehensive performance of the material; chromium powder and tungsten powder are added, so that the hardness of the material is increased, the oxidation resistance of the material is improved, the temperature field in the friction process is improved, and the friction coefficient is adjusted; compared with the existing friction material formula, the addition of tin powder, nickel powder, sea sand and other powder is reduced, the material formula is simplified, the manufacturing process is optimized, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Experimental results show that the service life of the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention can reach nearly 500 times of braking, the service life of the existing friction material applied to unmanned aerial vehicles does not exceed 200 times of braking, the braking times are obviously increased, and the service life is obviously prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a brake pair structure provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the examples, but it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow.
All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
The raw material used in the present invention is not particularly limited in purity, and the present invention is preferably industrially pure or may be one having a purity which is conventional in the field of powder metallurgy friction materials.
All the raw materials, the marks and the acronyms thereof belong to the conventional marks and acronyms in the field, each mark and acronym is clear and definite in the field of related application, and the raw materials can be purchased from the market or prepared by a conventional method by the technical staff in the field according to the marks, the acronyms and the corresponding application.
All the processes of the invention, the acronyms of which are common acronyms in the field, are clear and definite in the field of their relative usage, and the conventional process steps can be understood by a person skilled in the art from the acronyms.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in the present invention, the amount of the copper powder added may be 51 to 55 parts by weight, 51.5 to 54.5 parts by weight, preferably 52 to 54 parts by weight, and more preferably 52.5 to 53.5 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the amount of the iron powder added may be 12 to 15 parts by weight, 12.5 to 14.5 parts by weight, and preferably 13 to 14 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the amount of the particulate graphite added may be from 13 to 20 parts by weight, and may be from 14.5 to 18.5 parts by weight, and preferably from 16 to 17 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the silicon carbide may be added in an amount of 0 to 1.5 parts by weight, 0.3 to 1.2 parts by weight, and preferably 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight.
In the invention, the ferrochrome powder is added in an amount of 3-6 parts by weight, 3.5-5.5 parts by weight, preferably 4-5 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the amount of the chromium powder added is 4 to 7 parts by weight, and may be 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight, and preferably 5 to 6 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide is added in an amount of 2 to 5 parts by weight, and may be 2.5 to 4.5 parts by weight, and preferably 3 to 4 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the manganese-iron powder may be added in an amount of 0 to 1.5 parts by weight, 0.3 to 1.2 parts by weight, and preferably 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the tungsten powder may be added in an amount of 2 to 6 parts by weight, 2.8 to 5.2 parts by weight, and preferably 3.6 to 4.4 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle is preferably a copper-based friction material.
According to the invention, tungsten is added into the copper-based friction material, and the high melting point of tungsten is beneficial to the copper-based friction material to absorb more friction heat, so that the specific heat capacity of the material is improved; and the tungsten carbide with high hardness generated by the reaction with carbon can play a role of a dispersion strengthening matrix, so that the abrasion resistance of the friction material is enhanced. In addition, tungsten has the advantages of high melting point, excellent high-temperature strength, good thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient and good corrosion resistance, and is very favorable for improving the wear resistance of the copper-based friction material.
In the present invention, the friction material preferably comprises a powder metallurgy friction material.
In the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle is preferably an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair.
In the present invention, the raw material preferably includes a powdery raw material.
In the invention, the friction material is preferably obtained by performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding on raw materials.
In the present invention, it is also preferable that the raw material includes aviation kerosene.
In the invention, the mass of the aviation kerosene is preferably 1.0% to 1.5%, more preferably 1.1% to 1.4%, and still more preferably 1.2% to 1.3% of the mass of the solid-phase raw material in the raw material.
According to the invention, aviation kerosene is further added into the raw materials as a liquid lubricant and an adhesive, so that a layer of oil film is formed on the surface of metal powder particles, the component segregation of the powder mixture can be effectively reduced in the process of mixing, the forming die can be protected, the demolding is facilitated, the die abrasion is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
In the present invention, the friction material is preferably obtained by sintering the raw material under low pressure.
In the present invention, the base component of the friction material preferably includes copper powder and iron powder.
In the present invention, the copper powder preferably comprises electrolytic copper powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the copper powder is preferably 45 to 75 μm, more preferably 50 to 70 μm, and still more preferably 55 to 65 μm.
In the present invention, the iron powder preferably includes reduced iron powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the iron powder is preferably 45 to 75 μm, more preferably 50 to 70 μm, and still more preferably 55 to 65 μm.
In the present invention, the friction element of the friction material preferably comprises silicon carbide.
In the present invention, the particle size of the silicon carbide is preferably 150 to 350. Mu.m, more preferably 190 to 310. Mu.m, and still more preferably 230 to 270. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the lubricating elements of the friction material preferably comprise particulate graphite and molybdenum disulfide.
In the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide preferably comprises MoS 2 Colloidal powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the molybdenum disulfide is preferably 1.5 to 4 μm, more preferably 2 to 3.5 μm, and still more preferably 2.5 to 3 μm.
In the present invention, the reinforcing elements of the friction material preferably include ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder, and tungsten powder.
In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder preferably has a particle size of 75 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, and still more preferably 65 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the ferromanganese powder is preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, and still more preferably 65 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the chromium powder is preferably 60 μm or less, more preferably 55 μm or less, and still more preferably 50 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the tungsten powder is preferably 3 to 8 μm, more preferably 4 to 7 μm, and still more preferably 5 to 6 μm.
In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder preferably includes medium carbon ferrochrome powder.
In the present invention, the fine manganese iron preferably comprises medium-carbon fine manganese iron.
In the present invention, the raw material powder does not contain one or more of tin powder, nickel powder, and sea sand.
The invention is a complete and refined integral technical scheme, the braking performance and the wear resistance of the powder metallurgy friction material are better improved, and the powder metallurgy friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle can specifically comprise the following components:
the friction material comprises the following main materials in percentage by weight: 51-55% of copper powder, 12-15% of iron powder, 13-20% of granular graphite, 0-1.5% of silicon carbide, 3-6% of ferrochromium powder, 4-7% of chromium powder, 2-5% of molybdenum disulfide, 0-1.5% of manganese iron powder, 2-6% of tungsten powder and aviation kerosene with the weight of 1.0-1.5% of the total weight of ingredients.
The composition of the powder metallurgy friction material for aviation braking can be roughly divided into: (1) The base component is used for providing necessary mechanical property and physical and chemical property of the material; (2) The lubricating component has the functions of improving the anti-clamping stagnation performance, ensuring the braking stability and improving the wear resistance of the material; (3) The friction component has the function of ensuring good meshing with the working surface of the dual material and improving the friction factor and the wear resistance. (4) And the reinforcing component is used for reinforcing the physical and chemical properties of the material matrix.
(1) The base component of the invention is 51-55% of 200-mesh electrolytic copper powder (granularity is 45-75 μm) and 12-15% of 200-mesh reduced iron powder (granularity is 45-75 μm), and the base component is composed of specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity.
(2) The friction component in the invention is 0-1.5% silicon carbide particle, and the friction component is composed of specific chemical components, physical form and granularity.
(3) The lubricating component in the invention is 13-20% of granular graphite and 2-5% of MoS 2 The colloid powder (granularity is 1.5-4 μm) adopts lubricating components with specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity compositions.
(4) The reinforcing component of the invention is composed of 3-6% of medium carbon ferrochrome, 0-1.5% of medium carbon ferromanganese, 4-7% of chromium powder and 2-6% of tungsten powder, and adopts specific chemical components, physical forms and particle sizes.
The invention provides a preparation process of a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
the raw material powder comprises one or more of copper powder, iron powder, granular graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochromium powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder and tungsten powder;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the step into a die, and performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding to obtain a massive pressed blank;
3) And under the hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure sintering on the massive pressed blank obtained in the step to obtain the friction material.
The invention firstly mixes the raw material powder to obtain the powder mixture.
In the present invention, the raw material powder preferably includes one or more of copper powder, iron powder, particulate graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder, and tungsten powder, and more preferably copper powder, iron powder, particulate graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder, or tungsten powder.
In the present invention, the mixing time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and still more preferably 2 to 3 hours.
In the present invention, the raw material may include aviation kerosene in addition to the raw material powder. The aviation kerosene is preferably added in the steps, and particularly, the aviation kerosene is preferably added simultaneously with graphite in the mixing process.
The powder mixture obtained in the step is placed in a die and subjected to high-pressure rapid cold press molding to obtain a massive pressed blank.
In the invention, the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is preferably 300 to 500MPa, more preferably 340 to 460MPa, and more preferably 380 to 420MPa.
In the present invention, the time for the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is preferably 1 to 2s, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8s, and still more preferably 1.4 to 1.6s.
Finally, under the hydrogen atmosphere, the block-shaped compact obtained in the step is subjected to low-pressure sintering to obtain the friction material.
In the present invention, the specific steps of the low-pressure sintering preferably include: and stacking the massive pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering.
In the present invention, the pressure for the low-pressure sintering is preferably 0.4 to 1.1MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0MPa, more preferably 0.6 to 0.9MPa, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8MPa.
In the present invention, the temperature of the low-pressure sintering is preferably 990 to 1030 ℃, more preferably 995 to 1025 ℃, more preferably 1000 to 1020 ℃, and more preferably 1005 to 1015 ℃.
In the present invention, the holding time for the low-pressure sintering is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2.4 to 3.6 hours, and still more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 hours.
In the invention, the heat preservation time is the heat preservation time at the sintering temperature. The low-pressure sintering process is preferably gradient sintering, namely a gradient temperature rising process. Specifically, three gradients can be divided, wherein the 1 st stage and the 2 nd stage are temperature rising stages, the 3 rd stage is a heat preservation stage, the heat preservation time is the duration time of the 3 rd stage, and the heat preservation temperature also refers to the stable temperature of the 3 rd stage.
In the present invention, the low-pressure sintering is preferably followed by a machining step.
The invention is a complete and detailed integral technical scheme, and better improves the braking performance and the wear resistance of the powder metallurgy friction material, and the preparation process of the powder metallurgy friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle can specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) preparing a powder mixture: weighing the metal powder and the nonmetal powder according to the formula proportion of the friction material, sieving the metal powder and the nonmetal powder by a screen, and then mixing the metal powder and the nonmetal powder for a certain time (1-4 hours) by an artificial premixing and mixing machine to uniformly mix the powder.
(2) And (3) compression molding: weighing quantitative mixed and uniform materials, placing the weighed mixed and uniform materials into a die with a prefabricated shape, placing the die under a press for pressing, and pressing the powder mixture into a massive pressed blank according to the pressing pressure of 300-500 MPa;
(3) and (3) sintering: after the pressed and formed massive pressed blank is attached to a specific supporting steel back (the steel back is made of a No. 20 high-quality carbon structural steel cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.2mm, and the surface coating of the steel back is uniform in color and free of material peeling and serious bubbles after sintering is finished), the pressed and formed massive pressed blank is stacked and moved into a pressure sintering furnace, pressure sintering is carried out according to the unit area pressure of 0.4-1.1 MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 990-1030 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours, and hydrogen is introduced for protection in the pressure sintering process.
(4) Subsequent machining treatment: and (3) performing subsequent treatment on the sintered product by using equipment such as a lathe, a grinding machine and the like, so that the appearance, the size and the surface treatment of the product meet the requirements.
The aero brake powder metallurgy friction material generally adopts a manufacturing process combining cold press molding and pressure sintering, but generally speaking, due to the difference of material components, the research on the manufacturing process of the aero brake friction material has strong pertinence, and different friction materials need to be subjected to specific process research. Based on the specific formula, the invention particularly adopts a high-pressure rapid cold press molding mode with the pressure of 300-500 MPa and the pressing time of 1-2S, and combines a low-pressure sintering mode with the pressure of 0.4-1.1Mpa, 2-4 h and 990-1030 ℃ under the atmosphere of single hydrogen. Thereby obtaining the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a brake pair structure provided by the present invention. Wherein, 1, 2 driving disks of the pressing disk, 3, the shell. The brake pair consists of 1 pressing disc, 1 moving disc and 1 shell.
The invention provides application of the friction material in any one of the technical schemes or the friction material prepared by the preparation process in any one of the technical schemes in the aspect of unmanned aerial vehicle brake pairs.
The invention provides a powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and a preparation process thereof. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on the performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also has more stable performance, wear resistance and prolonged service life after being prepared into a brake byproduct, and the brake pair for the unmanned aerial vehicle prepared by the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention can meet the use condition of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle and provide stable and reliable brake torque and good wear resistance.
According to the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention, the copper-iron base is used as a material matrix, so that the material is ensured to have certain strength and excellent thermal conductivity; adding a proper amount of granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide as lubricating components, improving the anti-gluing performance and the wear resistance of the existing material, and simultaneously playing a role in stabilizing the friction coefficient; proper amount of silicon carbide is added as a friction component, so that the friction performance of the material is improved; manganese iron powder and ferrochrome powder are added to further strengthen the material matrix and improve the comprehensive performance of the material; chromium powder and tungsten powder are added, so that the hardness of the material is increased, the oxidation resistance of the material is improved, the temperature field in the friction process is improved, and the friction coefficient is adjusted; compared with the existing friction material formula, the friction material formula reduces the addition of tin powder, nickel powder, sea sand and other powder, simplifies the material formula, optimizes the manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost.
Experimental results show that the service life of the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention can reach nearly 500 times of braking, the service life of the existing friction material applied to unmanned aerial vehicles does not exceed 200 times of braking, the braking times are obviously increased, and the service life is obviously prolonged.
To further illustrate the present invention, the friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle and the preparation process and application thereof are described in detail in the following with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, which are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, but not for limiting the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected by the embodiment comprises the following components:
55% of copper powder, 15% of iron powder, 13% of particle graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 6% of ferrochrome powder, 4% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of manganese iron powder, 2% of tungsten powder and 1% of aviation kerosene in total mass percentage.
Example 2
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected in the embodiment comprises the following components:
53% of copper powder, 16% of iron powder, 15% of granular graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 5% of ferrochrome powder, 4% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of manganese iron powder, 2% of tungsten powder and 1% of aviation kerosene in total mass percentage.
Example 3
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected in the embodiment comprises the following components:
the composite material comprises, by mass, 52% of copper powder, 14% of iron powder, 16% of granular graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 6% of ferrochrome powder, 5% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of manganese iron powder, 2% of tungsten powder and 1% of aviation kerosene additionally added.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, the tungsten powder in the example is replaced by the base copper powder, and the rest components are unchanged.
The processes adopted in the above examples and comparative examples are as follows:
mixing materials: weighing molybdenum disulfide according to the formula proportion, mixing the molybdenum disulfide with copper powder after passing through a 40-mesh screen, weighing all the powder except graphite and silicon carbide, adding the powder into the mixed powder, then uniformly mixing the powder after passing through the 40-mesh screen, weighing graphite, adding aviation kerosene, uniformly mixing the graphite, the aviation kerosene and the silicon carbide, adding the mixture into the mixed powder, and filling the mixture into a mixer to mix for 4 hours.
Profiling: weighing a proper amount of mixture, placing the mixture into a special die, pressing the mixture at 460MPa, and keeping the pressure for 2 seconds.
And (3) sintering: the temperature rise time of the 1 stage is 80min, the temperature rise temperature is 720 ℃, and the pressure is 0.4MPa.
2-stage heating time is 100min, heating temperature is 1010 ℃, and pressure is 1.1MPa.
And 3, keeping the temperature for 150min at 1010 ℃ under the pressure of 1.1MPa.
The cooling time of the 4 stages is more than or equal to 240min, and the pressure is 0.8MPa.
And hydrogen gas is introduced as protective gas in the sintering process.
The examples and the comparative examples are tested on a friction and wear test bed by using simulated working conditions of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and are compared with the existing powder metallurgy friction material, the test rotating speed is 5400rpm, and the test inertia is 0.56kg m 2 The test braking pressure was 1.08MPa, the number of times of braking was 10, and the average value of the latter 5 times was obtained, and the results are shown in table 1, where table 1 is the performance test results of the friction materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | Average coefficient of friction | Coefficient of stability | Material abrasion mm/surface/times | Dual wear mm/surface times |
| Example 1 | 0.311 | 0.85 | 0.0043 | 0.0001 |
| Example 2 | 0.305 | 0.78 | 0.0053 | 0.0013 |
| Example 3 | 0.287 | 0.74 | 0.0043 | 0.0001 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.278 | 0.68 | 0.0050 | 0.0017 |
| Existing materials | 0.226 | 0.67 | 0.0096 | 0.0001 |
The above detailed description of the powder metallurgy friction material for brake pair of unmanned aerial vehicle and the preparation process thereof provided by the present invention is provided, and the principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained herein by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the present invention, including making and using any device or system, and implementing any method in combination. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
2. the friction material of claim 1, wherein the friction material comprises a powder metallurgy friction material;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is specifically an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair;
the raw material comprises a powder raw material;
the friction material is obtained by performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding on raw materials.
3. The friction material of claim 1 further comprising jet fuel oil;
the mass of the aviation kerosene accounts for 1.0-1.5% of the mass of the solid phase raw material in the raw material;
the friction material is obtained by sintering the raw materials under low pressure.
4. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the base component of the friction material comprises copper powder and iron powder;
the copper powder comprises electrolytic copper powder;
the granularity of the copper powder is 45-75 mu m;
the iron powder includes reduced iron powder;
the particle size of the iron powder is 45-75 mu m.
5. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the friction element of the friction material comprises silicon carbide;
the granularity of the silicon carbide is 150-350 mu m;
the lubricating component of the friction material comprises granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide;
the molybdenum disulfide comprises MoS 2 A colloidal powder;
the granularity of the molybdenum disulfide is 1.5-4 mu m.
6. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing elements of the friction material comprise ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder, and tungsten powder;
the particle size of the ferrochrome powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the manganese iron powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the chromium powder is less than or equal to 60 mu m;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 3-8 mu m;
the ferrochrome powder comprises medium carbon ferrochrome powder;
the manganese iron powder comprises medium-carbon manganese iron powder.
7. A preparation process of a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
the raw material powder comprises one or more of copper powder, iron powder, granular graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder and tungsten powder;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the step into a die, and performing high-pressure rapid cold press molding to obtain a massive pressed blank;
3) And under hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure sintering on the block-shaped compact obtained in the step to obtain the friction material.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the mixing is carried out for a period of time ranging from 1 to 4 hours;
the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 300-500 MPa;
the time of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 1-2 s.
9. The preparation process according to claim 7, wherein the specific steps of low-pressure sintering comprise: stacking the massive pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering;
the pressure of the low-pressure sintering is 0.4-1.1 MPa;
the temperature of the low-pressure sintering is 990-1030 ℃;
the heat preservation time of the low-pressure sintering is 2-4 h;
the method also comprises a machining treatment step after the low-pressure sintering.
10. Use of the friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the friction material prepared by the preparation process according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair.
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| US20140109723A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2014-04-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Sintered friction material for high-speed railway |
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