CN106086679B - Steel material for high-speed train forged steel brake disc and forging process of forging of steel material - Google Patents
Steel material for high-speed train forged steel brake disc and forging process of forging of steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106086679B CN106086679B CN201610658175.0A CN201610658175A CN106086679B CN 106086679 B CN106086679 B CN 106086679B CN 201610658175 A CN201610658175 A CN 201610658175A CN 106086679 B CN106086679 B CN 106086679B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel material for a high-speed train forged steel brake disc and a forging process of a forging thereof, and the forging process comprises the following steps: proportioning and weighing the materials according to mass percent, smelting the materials into high-quality molten steel in an intermediate frequency electric furnace, then performing liquid die forging on a hydraulic press, demolding at about 1150 ℃, and forging the blank by adopting a composite forging mode of free forging and bound forging to obtain a secondary forging blank; then quenching heat treatment is carried out on the secondary forging stock by adopting a water cooling-air cooling twice circulation alternating mode; and finally, carrying out secondary tempering treatment on the quenched secondary forging blank through tempering, water cooling, tempering again and water cooling again to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train. The combination of the forging process and the heat treatment process effectively prevents the forging with complex shape from quenching and cracking, and the comprehensive mechanical property, especially the low-temperature toughness, of the manufactured steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train is greatly improved, so that the steel forging can be well suitable for low-temperature braking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of friction materials for braking of high-speed trains, in particular to a steel material for a forged steel brake disc and a forging process of a forged piece of the steel material.
Background
With the increase of the speed of high-speed trains, higher requirements are put on the timeliness, safety and stability of train braking, which also means that higher requirements are required for the quality and performance of train braking devices and braking materials. At present, the materials used as the brake disc of the high-speed train are mainly steel series metal materials, including cast steel and forged steel. Due to the limitation of domestic casting level, the production quality of cast steel used as a brake disc of a high-speed train is unstable, and the quality problem is easy to occur to influence the use effect and the service life of the brake disc. The manufacturing process of the forged steel is relatively mature, and the brake disc made of the forged steel has a good braking effect and an ideal service life. In addition, in the countries with leading foreign technologies, while the traditional steel braking materials are optimized and improved, new braking materials, such as aluminum matrix composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced graphite composite materials and the like, are continuously developed.
At present, the difference between the high-speed train braking material in China and the international advanced level is great, and the brake disc mainly depends on import at the present stage. In recent years, a large number of domestic scientific and technical workers carry out related research on new brake materials, but due to the weak technical reserves, the development and research are not mature, and the industrialization is difficult to realize. Meanwhile, compared with other brake disc materials, the forged steel has the advantages of simple process, low cost and good performance, and is widely used in high-speed train brake systems in China.
The direct cause of brake disc failure is the intense high temperature friction and large heat transfer generated during braking of high speed trains. Therefore, the friction brake material should not only have sufficiently high mechanical strength, good heat dissipation characteristics, high thermal conductivity and small expansion coefficient, but also require a brake disc having stable friction performance, small environmental impact on friction factor, low wear rate, high wear resistance and good thermal cracking resistance.
The formation of a friction surface film of the brake disc during braking also has a very important influence on the friction properties of the brake disc. The formation of the friction surface film is closely related to the wear mechanism of the brake material during braking. In the initial braking stage, the wear mechanism mainly takes abrasive wear as the main part and takes oxidation wear and adhesive wear as the auxiliary part; in the latter braking stage, when the friction surface film is formed, the wear mechanism is mainly peeling wear, and is accompanied by oxidation wear and adhesive wear. Therefore, it is important to select a proper brake disc material, and if the material is not properly selected, the failure of a high-rise train during braking can occur due to various reasons, so that a danger is generated.
Compared with other metal friction braking materials, the forged steel brake disc has higher strength (more than or equal to 800MPa) and good toughness, and in addition, the forged steel also has higher thermal cracking resistance, good wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, and the high-temperature strength, the friction performance and the fatigue resistance of the forged steel brake disc are all excellent, so the service life of the forged steel brake disc is longer. The Ni-Cr-Mo low-alloy forged steel brake disc which is widely adopted on a new trunk express train in Japan can meet the train braking requirement of 260km/h of speed per hour. The braking material used on the TGV-A train in France is a Cr-Mo-V low-alloy forged steel brake disc, and the brake disc shows good comprehensive performance of the forged steel material in the braking process of the train with the speed per hour of 300 km/h.
The forged steel brake disc produced in China has a certain gap with the product in developed countries. Although related research units and manufacturers in China from 'nine five' make efforts to improve the braking performance of the brake disc all the time and make obvious progress, the defects of short service life, poor low-temperature toughness and the like are not fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the steel material for the high-speed train forged steel brake disc and the forging process of the forging thereof, which have the advantages of low energy consumption, high steel utilization rate, low production cost and good comprehensive performance, and the forged material can reach various required indexes of high-speed train braking.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
0.22 to 0.43% of carbon;
0.20 to 0.87 percent of silicon;
0.51-1.08% of manganese;
0.001-0.035% of sulfur;
0.001-0.035% of phosphorus;
0.80-2.04% of chromium;
0.80-2.05% of nickel;
0.10-1.0% of vanadium;
0.10-0.35% of molybdenum;
1.0-2.50% of gadolinium;
0.20-0.40% of cerium;
the balance of iron, the sum of the mass of the components is 100%.
The invention also aims to provide a forging process of the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train, which comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are adopted to smelt into high-quality molten steel in a medium-frequency electric furnace, then liquid die forging is carried out on a hydraulic press, demoulding is carried out at 1150 ℃, and free forging and bound forging finish forging forming is immediately adopted after demoulding, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials: proportioning and weighing according to the proportion;
(2) smelting: smelting the raw materials into high-quality molten steel by adopting an intermediate frequency electric furnace;
(3) liquid die forging: pouring the smelted molten steel into a nitrogen-filled air pressure casting heat preservation furnace for heat preservation; casting the molten steel in the heat preservation furnace into a die of a liquid die forging machine for liquid die forging, preheating the die to 250-350 ℃ before casting, and immediately demoulding when the temperature of a blank is 1150 ℃;
(4) and (3) finish forging forming: carrying out free forging upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching on the demolded high-temperature blank immediately to obtain a primary forging blank; then, upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching under the radial constraint condition of the free forging to obtain a secondary forging blank;
(5) performance heat treatment: and carrying out water cooling-air cooling alternate cycle twice quenching by utilizing the temperature of the forging stock after constraint forging, and then tempering-water cooling to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train.
Further, in the step (2), after the molten steel is smelted, argon blowing purification is carried out.
Further, in the step (3), the liquid forging die adopts a composite die with a high-temperature alloy as an inner layer, the die is cooled by circulating water in the casting process, and the temperature of the die is controlled within 450 ℃ by adjusting the flow rate and the pressure of the cooling water.
Further, in the step (4), the free forging is primarily forged to obtain a primary forged billet, wherein the forging start temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3.5: 1.
Further, in the step (4), the free forging is radially constrained and forged again to obtain a secondary forged billet, wherein the forging start temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3: 1.
Further, in the step (5), water cooling and air cooling are alternately circulated for quenching twice, and water is stirred during water cooling, wherein the stirring flow rate of the water is not less than 0.8 m/s.
Further, in the step (5), the quenched secondary forging blank is subjected to secondary tempering treatment of tempering at 600 ℃, heat preservation for 5 hours, water cooling to room temperature, 550 ℃ again, heat preservation for 5 hours, and water cooling to room temperature again.
The steel material for the high-speed train forged steel brake disc and the forging process of the forged steel material select special steel materials, and combine the forging process and the heat treatment process, namely the composite forging process combining liquid die forging with free forging and bound forging is combined with the quenching and tempering heat treatment process combining water cooling-air cooling twice-cycle alternate intermittent quenching, so that the quenching and cracking of the large forged piece with a complex shape are effectively prevented, the corrosion resistance and the comprehensive mechanical property, particularly the low-temperature toughness of the manufactured steel forged piece for the high-speed train forged steel brake disc are greatly improved, and the steel forged piece can be well suitable for the braking of high-speed trains under different environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic picture of a steel forging of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The ingredients of the steel material were determined and the batch weighing was carried out in the proportions as given in table 1 below (unit: kg):
example 1:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the table 1;
(2) smelting: smelting the raw materials into high-quality molten steel by using a medium-frequency electric furnace, and inspecting chemical components of the molten steel in real time in the smelting process to obtain the high-quality molten steel after the chemical components are inspected to be qualified; the unqualified steel is detected by adding chemical components with insufficient content, diluting chemical components with excessive content and the like, and the adjustment is carried out until the chemical components of the molten steel meet the requirements, so that high-quality molten steel is obtained, and after the molten steel is smelted, argon blowing purification is carried out, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved;
(3) liquid die forging: pouring the smelted molten steel into a nitrogen-filled air pressure casting heat preservation furnace for heat preservation; then casting the molten steel in the heat preservation furnace into a die of a liquid die forging machine for liquid die forging, preheating the die to 250 ℃ before casting, and immediately demoulding when the temperature of a blank is 1150 ℃;
(4) and (3) finish forging forming: immediately carrying out free forging upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching on the demolded high-temperature blank to obtain a primary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3.5: 1; then, upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching under the radial constraint condition of free forging to obtain a secondary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3: 1;
(5) performance heat treatment: and performing water cooling-air cooling alternate cycle two times of quenching at the temperature of 950 ℃ of the forging stock after constraint forging, performing water cooling for 3min → air cooling for 30min → water cooling for 5 min-air cooling for 30min, and performing secondary tempering treatment on the quenched secondary forging stock at the temperature of 600 ℃, for 5h, performing tempering, water cooling to room temperature, then 550 ℃, for 5h, and then performing water cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train.
Example 2:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the table 1;
(2) smelting: smelting the raw materials into high-quality molten steel by using a medium-frequency electric furnace, and inspecting chemical components of the molten steel in real time in the smelting process to obtain the high-quality molten steel after the chemical components are inspected to be qualified; the unqualified steel is detected by adding chemical components with insufficient content, diluting chemical components with excessive content and the like, and the adjustment is carried out until the chemical components of the molten steel meet the requirements, so that high-quality molten steel is obtained, and after the molten steel is smelted, argon blowing purification is carried out, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved;
(3) liquid die forging: pouring the smelted molten steel into a nitrogen-filled air pressure casting heat preservation furnace for heat preservation; then casting the molten steel in the heat preservation furnace into a die of a liquid die forging machine for liquid die forging, preheating the die to 300 ℃ before casting, and immediately demoulding when the temperature of a blank is 1150 ℃;
(4) and (3) finish forging forming: immediately carrying out free forging upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching on the demolded high-temperature blank to obtain a primary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3.5: 1; then, upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching under the radial constraint condition of free forging to obtain a secondary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3: 1;
(5) performance heat treatment: and performing water cooling-air cooling alternate cycle two times of quenching at the temperature of 950 ℃ of the forging stock after constraint forging, performing water cooling for 4min → air cooling for 40min → water cooling for 4 min-air cooling for 40min, and performing secondary tempering treatment on the quenched secondary forging stock at the temperature of 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5h, performing water cooling to room temperature, then 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5h, and then performing water cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train.
Example 3:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the table 1;
(2) smelting: smelting the raw materials into high-quality molten steel by using a medium-frequency electric furnace, and inspecting chemical components of the molten steel in real time in the smelting process to obtain the high-quality molten steel after the chemical components are inspected to be qualified; the unqualified steel is detected by adding chemical components with insufficient content, diluting chemical components with excessive content and the like, and the adjustment is carried out until the chemical components of the molten steel meet the requirements, so that high-quality molten steel is obtained, and after the molten steel is smelted, argon blowing purification is carried out, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved;
(3) liquid die forging: pouring the smelted molten steel into a nitrogen-filled air pressure casting heat preservation furnace for heat preservation; then casting the molten steel in the heat preservation furnace into a die of a liquid die forging machine for liquid die forging, preheating the die to 350 ℃ before casting, and immediately demoulding when the temperature of a blank is 1150 ℃;
(4) and (3) finish forging forming: immediately carrying out free forging upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching on the demolded high-temperature blank to obtain a primary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3.5: 1; then, upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching under the radial constraint condition of free forging to obtain a secondary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3: 1;
(5) performance heat treatment: and performing water cooling-air cooling alternate cycle two times of quenching at the temperature of 950 ℃ of the forging stock after constraint forging, performing water cooling for 5min → air cooling for 20min → water cooling for 5 min-air cooling for 20min, and performing secondary tempering treatment on the quenched secondary forging stock at the temperature of 600 ℃, for 5h, performing tempering, water cooling to room temperature, then 550 ℃, for 5h, and then performing water cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train.
The comprehensive mechanical data comparison of the steel forgings for the high-speed train forged steel brake disc obtained by the manufacturing method is shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of comprehensive mechanical data of steel forgings for forged steel brake disc of high-speed train
As can be seen from Table 2, the mechanical parameters of the products obtained by the present invention are much higher than the international specification requirements when the products of the above 3 examples are compared with the international specification requirements. The comprehensive mechanical property, especially the low-temperature toughness of the manufactured steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train is greatly improved, and the steel forging can be well suitable for low-temperature braking.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed train forged steel brake disc is with steel material which characterized in that: the raw materials and the mixture ratio are as follows by mass percent:
the forging process of the steel forging for the high-speed train forged steel brake disc comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials: proportioning and weighing according to the proportion;
(2) smelting: smelting the raw materials into high-quality molten steel by using a medium-frequency electric furnace, and inspecting chemical components of the molten steel in real time in the smelting process to obtain the high-quality molten steel after the chemical components are inspected to be qualified; the unqualified steel is detected by adding chemical components with insufficient content, diluting chemical components with excessive content and the like, and the adjustment is carried out until the chemical components of the molten steel meet the requirements, so that high-quality molten steel is obtained, and after the molten steel is smelted, argon blowing purification is carried out, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved;
(3) liquid die forging: pouring the smelted molten steel into a nitrogen-filled air pressure casting heat preservation furnace for heat preservation; then casting the molten steel in the heat preservation furnace into a die of a liquid die forging machine for liquid die forging, preheating the die to 350 ℃ before casting, and immediately demoulding when the temperature of a blank is 1150 ℃;
(4) and (3) finish forging forming: immediately carrying out free forging upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching on the demolded high-temperature blank to obtain a primary forging blank, wherein the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3.5: 1; then, free forging is carried out under the radial constraint condition, upsetting-stretching-secondary upsetting-secondary stretching are carried out, so as to obtain a secondary forging blank, the forging initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and the forging ratio is more than 3: 1;
(5) performance heat treatment: and performing water cooling-air cooling alternate cycle two times of quenching at the temperature of 950 ℃ of the forging stock after constraint forging, performing water cooling for 5min → air cooling for 20min → water cooling for 5 min-air cooling for 20min, and performing secondary tempering treatment on the quenched secondary forging stock at the temperature of 600 ℃, for 5h, performing tempering, water cooling to room temperature, then 550 ℃, for 5h, and then performing water cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel forging for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train.
2. The steel material for the forged steel brake disc of the high-speed train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the liquid forging machine mold adopts a composite mold with a high-temperature alloy inner layer, the mold is cooled by circulating water in the casting process, and the temperature of the mold is controlled within 450 ℃ by adjusting the flow and pressure of cooling water.
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| CN106399863B (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2018-06-22 | 东北大学 | Laser gain material 24CrNiMoRE alloy steel powders and preparation method |
| CN106521344A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-03-22 | 苏州富艾姆工业设备有限公司 | Machining process of wear resisting piston rod for valve |
| CN107470583B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-06-04 | 北京交通大学 | The semi-solid rheological squeeze casting mould and casting method of high-speed rail brake disc |
| CN111118423B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-12-15 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | GH4282 nickel-based high-temperature alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN112159937B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-30 | 南京工程学院 | High-stability friction-resistant train brake disc and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1385628A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2002-12-18 | 铁道科学研究院机车车辆研究所 | Material for brake disc of high-speed train |
| CN102953008A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-06 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Alloy forged steel and its heat treatment method and use |
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