CN115466139A - Fermentation process of high-nitrogen-retention compost - Google Patents
Fermentation process of high-nitrogen-retention compost Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fermentation process of high-nitrogen-retention compost, and relates to the technical field of organic aerobic fermented fertilizer production. The compost with high nitrogen retention rate, no plant diseases and insect pests and no harmful microorganisms is prepared by the steps of crushing manure, sterilizing at high temperature, adding a carbon source, adding an initiating agent, adding a complex microbial inoculum, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging and the like. The fermentation process provided by the invention has the advantages of sufficient oxygen exposure, wide temperature application range of the strain, short total fermentation time and greatly improved production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic aerobic fermented fertilizer production, in particular to a fermentation process of high-nitrogen-retention compost.
Background
Composting is the process of decomposing organic matter into humus and mineral matter under proper temperature, humidity and ventilation condition. Compost is one of the oldest fertilizers. As early as ancient times, people have utilized materials such as animal waste to stack and ferment to make compost.
At present, the raw materials which can be used for preparing compost in China are rich. According to incomplete statistics, the total amount of excrement and urine produced by livestock and poultry farms in China per year exceeds 40 hundred million tons. Vegetable waste caused by canna, diseased and defective plants, defective products and the like exceeds 10 hundred million tons every year. These materials are all natural materials for making compost.
The compost is divided into aerobic compost and anaerobic compost according to the degree of oxygen ventilation. Traditional composting, such as homemade composting in rural areas, is anaerobic composting. However, anaerobic composting has many disadvantages, such as low composting efficiency, severe odor, low nutrient content, etc. Under the anaerobic condition, the anaerobic flora can convert the nitrogenous organic matters in the substrate into NO and N under the denitrification action 2 O, etc., which are greenhouse gases causing global warming by destroying the ozone layer in the atmosphere, have been studied to show that agricultural production contributes more than 40% of N 2 And (4) discharging O.
In addition, in the fermentation process of the compost, the pH value in the compost is gradually increased, and the solubility of ammonia in the compost is sharply reduced due to the continuous increase of the fermentation temperature, so that a large amount of ammonia escapes to the environment. The total nitrogen loss in the composting process generally accounts for 30-50% of the total nitrogen content of the raw materials, and can reach 50-88% at most. The volatilization of ammonia gas not only causes a great deal of nitrogen loss, but also the emitted odor can pollute the surrounding atmospheric environment. In addition, ammonia can cause acid rain and entry into water can also cause eutrophication.
The patent with the prior publication number of CN106278761A discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing excess activated sludge and wood waste, which comprises the following steps: crushing and hydrolyzing wood waste; sterilizing the residual activated sludge, centrifuging, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid component; mixing the hydrolyzed wood waste, the hydrolyzed liquid and the obtained solid components, adding 0.0003-0.001 percent of microbial additive and 0.0006-0.0015 percent of plant hormone relative to the total weight of the mixture, and sending the mixture into a high-temperature aerobic composting system for composting, wherein the composting temperature is kept at 48-53 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 68-72 percent, and the composting time is 12-20 days.
However, the above patent has the disadvantage of using a step such as centrifugation which is relatively expensive. And in the aerobic composting period, the fertilizer is not fully ventilated and aerated, the fermentation efficiency is difficult to ensure, and the local anaerobism can cause mass propagation of anaerobes, and a large amount of nitrogen oxides can be generated under the denitrification effect, so that the nitrogen loss and the air pollution are caused.
In addition, a patent with publication number CN110862935A discloses a special high-temperature composting process, which can be used for high-temperature aerobic composting treatment of a plurality of organic matters such as kitchen waste, agricultural product tailings, slaughterhouse waste and the like, so that the organic matters are completely humified, dehydrated and dried, and the weight of the organic matters is reduced by 65% -90%, and finally, organic fertilizers with excellent quality are formed.
However, the above patent has a disadvantage that the compost raw material is not sterilized, which makes the kinds of microorganisms in the raw material complicated, contains a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms, and easily generates a large amount of nitrogen oxides by denitrification. In addition, the fermentation temperature is below 100 ℃, a large amount of worm eggs, harmful bacteria, viruses and the like in the raw materials cannot be completely eliminated, and secondary pollution to the environment and farmlands is easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a fermentation process of high nitrogen-preserving compost. The compost with the nitrogen retention rate of over 90 percent, no plant diseases and insect pests and no harmful microorganisms is prepared by the steps of crushing manure, sterilizing at high temperature, adding a carbon source, adding an initiating explosive, adding a complex microbial inoculum, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging and the like. The fermentation process provided by the invention has the advantages of sufficient oxygen exposure, wide temperature application range of strains, short total fermentation time and greatly improved production efficiency.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fermentation process of high nitrogen-preserving compost, which is prepared by the following steps: crushing a biomass fertilizer source by using a crusher to obtain a crushed fertilizer source; step two, putting the crushed fertilizer source into a fermentation box, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment; adding carbon source materials into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring; adding a blasting agent into the fermentation box, adding water, and uniformly stirring; step five, adding the compound microbial inoculum into a fermentation box, and uniformly stirring; step six, the interior of the fermentation box is kept in an uninterrupted ventilation and intermittent rolling state for fermentation for 7-10 days, and a pH regulator is added for multiple times during the fermentation for keeping the pH value in the fermentation box below 7; and step seven, adding the aged strain into the fermentation box, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 1 to 3 days to obtain the high nitrogen-retention compost.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high nitrogen-preserving compost is prepared. The size of the material can be smaller by crushing the biomass fertilizer source, and the fermentation speed and the uniformity can be improved. The high-temperature sterilization treatment can effectively kill pathogens such as worm eggs, harmful bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like, prevent byproducts from being generated in fermentation, inhibit the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and prevent secondary pollution to farmlands and the environment. The carbon source material can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the base material so as to inhibit nitrogen loss caused by nitrification and denitrification, and provides a support framework to enhance the ventilation effect. The composite microbial inoculum contains strains suitable for propagation in medium-temperature and high-temperature environments, so that the fermentation operation can be always kept at higher efficiency. The intermittent rolling and ventilation ensure that the fermentation is carried out in an aerobic environment, inhibit anaerobic fermentation, reduce the loss of nitrogen and prevent the fermentation temperature from being overhigh. Aging can further degrade the residual organic matters and compact the compost, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer conservation.
Further, specifically, in the first step, the biomass fertilizer source comprises at least one of pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure, and the pulverizer provided by the patent with the publication number of CN108160244A is used.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biomass fertilizer source is convenient to source, low in price and high in nutritive value, and is an excellent raw material for composting. The shredder provided in patent publication No. CN108160244A can perform efficient cutting processing on large waste. The crushing operation can make the material size smaller, and is favorable for improving the fermentation speed and the uniformity.
Further, specifically, in the second step, the fermentation box provided in the patent with the publication number of CN109081719A is used, and the high-temperature sterilization treatment means maintaining at 100 ℃ to 150 ℃ for 1h to 3h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fermentation box provided by the patent with the publication number of CN109081719A has the functions of ventilation, stirring and heating. As is the process conditions for this application. The high-temperature sterilization treatment of keeping 1-3 h at 100-150 ℃ can ensure that almost all worm eggs, harmful bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like are killed, thereby preventing byproducts from being generated in fermentation, inhibiting the propagation of beneficial bacteria and preventing secondary pollution to farmlands and environment.
Further, specifically, in the third step, the carbon source material comprises at least one of dry forage, dry crop branches and leaves, and dry marine plants, and the adding mass fraction is 10% to 50%.
By adopting the technical scheme, enough carbon source is added into the fermentation substrate. Carbon and nitrogen are basic energy sources of composting microorganisms, organic carbon is converted into carbon dioxide and humus after being consumed, and nitrogen is lost in the form of ammonia gas or is converted into nitrate and nitrite or is assimilated and absorbed by organisms. In general, the microorganism needs to absorb 1g of nitrogen for every 25g of organic carbon consumed. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low, the consumed carbon is less, and the nitrogen nutrients are relatively excessive and are converted into ammonia gas to be volatilized, so that a large amount of nitrogen elements are lost to reduce the fertilizer efficiency; when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, carbon is more, nitrogen nutrients are relatively deficient, the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms is limited, the decomposition speed of organic matters is slow, and the fermentation process is long. Therefore, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is controlled to be 20-40 as the best, and the addition amount is used for maintaining the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Drying forage, drying crop branches and leaves, drying marine plants are common and inexpensive carbon sources. They can provide a support frame for compost besides carbon element, thus enhancing the aeration effect and ensuring that the fermentation is carried out under the aerobic condition.
Further, specifically, in the fourth step, the initiating agent is a mixed saturated aqueous solution of sucrose, glucose and urea, the mass addition ratio of the three is 10.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the action of the explosion initiating agent, the subsequently added composite flora can be propagated in a large amount in a short time, and the considerable colony number is provided for fermentation operation. Saccharides are energy substances that almost all species of bacteria can absorb and utilize. The addition of urea provides a source of nitrogen in a certain amount. If no initiating explosive agent is present, the propagation speed of the microorganisms in the early stage is low, and the whole fermentation period is greatly increased. The moisture content is critical and can be neither too high nor too low. Too low water content can inhibit the reproduction of flora, and too high water content can cause the deterioration of the ventilation of compost, inhibit aerobic fermentation and enhance the anaerobic effect.
Further, specifically, in the fifth step, the composite microbial agent is a mixed culture solution of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus firmus and high-temperature actinomyces, the beneficial total bacteria per milliliter of the mixed culture solution is more than 150 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.1 to 0.5 percent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the overall fermentation process can keep a higher speed in a wide temperature range. The optimal propagation temperature of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis is below 40 ℃, the optimal propagation temperature of the bacillus firmus is between 40 and 60 ℃, and the optimal propagation temperature of the high-temperature actinomyces is above 60 ℃. A large amount of heat is generated in the fermentation process, and the temperature can reach more than 80 ℃ when the temperature is high. However, the temperature of the fermentation substrate is not always constant, and excessively high temperature inhibits the respiration of the flora, so that the temperature falls back. The most time-consuming stage of traditional fermentation is the repeated heating-cooling process. The composite bacterial colony is adopted to ensure that the fermentation can be propagated in a very wide temperature range, and the production efficiency of the compost can be greatly improved.
Further, specifically to the sixth step, the intermittent rolling state is rolling for 10min to 30min every 8h, and the pH regulator comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fermentation box provided by the patent with the publication number of CN109081719A is adopted, so that uninterrupted ventilation can be realized. In addition, a stirring device is arranged in the fermentation box, so that the fermentation substrate can be fully stirred. The fermentation substrate can be ensured to be fully contacted with oxygen by rolling once every 8h, and the energy is saved. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a weakly acidic, inexpensive pH adjusting agent. The pH value of the compost can be continuously increased in the fermentation process, and the generation and volatilization of ammonia can be effectively inhibited by keeping the pH value of the compost below 7, so that the loss of nitrogen elements is prevented.
Further, specifically, in the seventh step, the aging strain is a mixed culture solution of yeast and lactic acid bacteria, the beneficial total bacteria per ml is more than 100 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.1-0.5%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria can fully and completely decompose the residual organic matters, and the secreted substances can make the compost compact, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer preservation.
The high nitrogen-preserving compost is prepared according to the steps.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The compost with the nitrogen retention rate of over 90 percent, no plant diseases and insect pests and no harmful microorganisms is prepared by the steps of crushing manure, sterilizing at high temperature, adding a carbon source, adding an initiating explosive, adding a complex microbial inoculum, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging and the like. The fermentation process provided by the invention has sufficient oxygen exposure, the suitable temperature range of the strain is wide, the total fermentation time is short, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
(2) The functions of ventilation, stirring and heating can be realized by using the fermentation box provided by the patent with the publication number of CN 109081719A. Each function of the fermentation box can perfectly complete the fermentation operation of the application;
(3) By adding the detonator, the complex flora can propagate in a large amount in a short time, and a considerable number of bacterial colonies are provided for fermentation operation, so that the whole fermentation period is greatly shortened;
(4) By adding the PH regulator, the generation and volatilization of ammonia gas in the fermentation process can be effectively inhibited, and further the loss of nitrogen element is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples.
Referring to the attached figure 1, the fermentation process of the high nitrogen-preserving compost is characterized in that the high nitrogen-preserving compost is prepared by the following steps:
step one, crushing a biomass fertilizer source by using a crusher to obtain a crushed fertilizer source. The biomass fertilizer source is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure, and the pulverizer provided by the patent with the publication number of CN108160244A is used.
And step two, putting the crushed fertilizer source into a fermentation box, and maintaining the high temperature sterilization treatment for 2 hours at 120 ℃, wherein the fermentation box provided by the patent with the publication number of CN109081719A is used as the fermentation box.
And step three, adding carbon source materials into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring. The carbon source material is a mixture of dry forage, dry crop branches and leaves and dry marine plants, and the adding mass fraction is 35%.
And step four, adding the initiating explosive and water into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring. The initiating agent is a mixed saturated aqueous solution of sucrose, glucose and urea, the mass addition ratio of the initiating agent to the urea is 10.
And step five, adding the compound microbial inoculum into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring. The composite microbial inoculum is a mixed culture solution of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus firmus and high-temperature actinomyces, the beneficial total bacteria amount per milliliter is more than 150 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.3 percent.
And step six, the interior of the fermentation box is kept in an uninterrupted ventilation and intermittent rolling state for fermentation for 9 days, and a pH regulator is added for multiple times during the fermentation for keeping the pH value in the fermentation box below 7. The intermittent rolling state is 30min every 8h, and the pH regulator is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
And step seven, adding the aged strain into the fermentation box, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain the high-nitrogen-retention compost. The aging strain is mixed culture solution of yeast and lactobacillus, the beneficial total bacteria per ml is more than 100 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.2%.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the biomass fertilizer source is crushed, so that the size of the material is smaller, and the fermentation speed and the uniformity are improved. The high-temperature sterilization treatment can effectively kill pathogens such as worm eggs, harmful bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like, prevent byproducts from being generated in fermentation, inhibit the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and prevent secondary pollution to farmlands and the environment. The carbon source material can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the base material so as to inhibit nitrogen loss caused by nitrification and denitrification, and provides a support framework to enhance the ventilation effect. The composite microbial inoculum contains strains which are suitable for propagation in medium-temperature and high-temperature environments, so that the fermentation operation can always keep higher efficiency. The intermittent rolling and ventilation ensure that the fermentation is carried out in an aerobic environment, inhibit anaerobic fermentation, reduce the loss of nitrogen and prevent the fermentation temperature from being overhigh. Aging can further degrade the residual organic matters and compact the compost, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer preservation.
The overall operation steps of the embodiment are as follows: crushing a biomass fertilizer source by using a crusher to obtain a crushed fertilizer source; step two, putting the crushed fertilizer source into a fermentation box, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment; adding carbon source materials into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring; adding an initiating explosive and water into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring; step five, adding the compound microbial inoculum into a fermentation box, and uniformly stirring; step six, the interior of the fermentation box is kept in an uninterrupted ventilation and intermittent rolling state for fermentation for 7-10 days, and a pH regulator is added for a plurality of times during the fermentation for keeping the pH value in the fermentation box below 7; and step seven, adding the aged strains into the fermentation box, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 1-3 days to obtain the high-nitrogen-preservation compost.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fermentation process of high nitrogen-preserving compost is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high nitrogen-retention compost is prepared by the following steps:
crushing a biomass fertilizer source by using a crusher to obtain a crushed fertilizer source;
step two, putting the crushed fertilizer source into a fermentation box, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment;
adding carbon source materials into the fermentation box, and uniformly stirring;
adding a blasting agent into the fermentation box, adding water, and uniformly stirring;
step five, adding the compound microbial inoculum into a fermentation box, and uniformly stirring;
step six, the interior of the fermentation box is kept in an uninterrupted ventilation and intermittent rolling state for fermentation for 7-10 days, and a pH regulator is added for multiple times during the fermentation for keeping the pH value in the fermentation box below 7;
and step seven, adding the aged strains into the fermentation box, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 1-3 days to obtain the high-nitrogen-preservation compost.
2. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-conserving compost of claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the biomass fertilizer source comprises at least one of pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure, and the pulverizer provided by the patent with the publication number of CN108160244A is used.
3. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-preserving compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the fermentation box provided by the patent with the publication number of CN109081719A is used, and the high-temperature sterilization treatment refers to keeping for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 100 to 150 ℃.
4. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-conserving compost of claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, the carbon source material comprises at least one of dry forage, dry crop branches and leaves and dry marine plants, and the adding mass fraction is 10-50%.
5. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-preserving compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step four, the initiating agent is a mixed saturated aqueous solution of sucrose, glucose and urea, the mass addition proportion of the sucrose, the glucose and the urea is 10 percent.
6. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-conserving compost of claim 1, characterized in that: and fifthly, the composite microbial agent is a mixed culture solution of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus firmus and high-temperature actinomycetes, the beneficial total bacteria per milliliter is more than 150 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.1-0.5%.
7. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-conserving compost of claim 1, characterized in that: and step six, the intermittent rolling state is rolling for 10min to 30min every 8h, and the pH regulator comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8. The fermentation process of high nitrogen-conserving compost of claim 1, characterized in that: and seventhly, the aged strain is a mixed culture solution of yeast and lactic acid bacteria, the beneficial total bacteria per milliliter of the mixed culture solution is more than 100 hundred million CFU, and the added total mass fraction is 0.1 to 0.5 percent.
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Application publication date: 20221213 |