CN115460524A - Spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
- H04R17/02—Microphones
Abstract
The application provides a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone comprises the following steps: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell and comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell; the support rod is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; the internal lead is used for communicating the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell; and the external lead is used for transmitting the electric signals. The utility model provides a series connection of first spherical shell, second spherical shell can guarantee the integrality of piezoceramics spherical shell, can improve the sensitivity of hydrophone simultaneously effectively, and ball-type broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone sensitivity height, frequency band width, directive property be qxcomm technology, bearing capacity is strong, can be arranged in the deep sea environment to survey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrophones, in particular to a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
When the world places more and more importance on the battlefield with abundant resources and technical strength compared with the spelling, the active development of the underwater sound detection technology in China is inevitable, and the underwater sound detection technology has important significance mainly embodied in the following aspects: firstly, the underwater sound detection technology is an important technical guarantee for realizing the national ocean science and technology strategy, is a comprehensive embodiment of the national science and technology level, and is an urgent need for keeping the national economic sustainable development, so that the development of the underwater sound detection technology has important significance for realizing the national ocean strategy; secondly, a strong technical force is needed for implementing the ocean strategy as a postshield, and the underwater sound detection technology is suitable for ocean equipment in the future, so that the development of the underwater sound detection technology has profound significance for underwater sound engineering construction in China, ocean detection strength enhancement and ocean equipment overall technical level improvement; thirdly, the underwater acoustic detection technology is an important basic technology group in the field of ship science and technology industry, the vigorous development of the underwater acoustic detection technology is also a requirement for the development of ship science and technology, and the underwater acoustic detection technology has important significance for improving the overall capacity and level of the ship science and technology industry in China.
The hydrophone can effectively convert acoustic signals into electric signals underwater, realizes detection of the acoustic signals by processing the electric signals, achieves the purposes of underwater target detection, underwater information extraction and the like, is a core device of equipment for underwater acoustic detection, communication and the like, and the performance of the core device directly influences the performance and the function of the underwater acoustic equipment. Due to the development requirements of the underwater sound detection and communication equipment and the key role played by the hydrophone, a large amount of manpower and material resources are invested in many countries for research, and hydrophones based on new structures, new mechanisms and new technologies emerge in a dispute, so that the performance of the hydrophone is improved, and the development of the underwater sound detection and communication equipment is promoted. The hydrophone is widely applied, mainly comprises the aspects of marine resource exploration, submarine topography and landform surveying and mapping, underwater acoustic communication, underwater target imaging, submarine pipeline detection, a fish detector and the like, has higher and higher requirements on the hydrophone, and has high value in developing wide band, high sensitivity, low noise, stable performance and high reliability.
The performance of the existing spherical hydrophone is greatly influenced by the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, the existing domestic spherical hydrophone is mostly an incomplete spherical shell with holes on the end surface, the effective area of the spherical shell is small, and the omnidirectional directivity can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application provides a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell which have opposite polarization directions and are used for converting external sound pressure into an electric signal, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell, so that the hydrophone has omnidirectional directivity; the inner lead is positioned inside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two ends of the inner lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for being connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell in series; the external lead is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two electrode wires of the external lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for transmitting electric signals generated by the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; the support rod is in flexible connection with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and enabling the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell to be in a free vibration state; the supporting rod is installed at one end of the base; the cable assembly is fixedly arranged with the base, is connected with the external lead and is used for outputting the sound signal; and the rubber sound-transmitting layer is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the internal lead, the external lead, the supporting rod, the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness and the sound transmission of the hydrophone.
In the embodiment of the application, the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone does not adopt an end surface hole opening method, and adopts the mode that an internal lead is used for communicating the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to form a hole-free complete shell, the effective area of the complete shell is a whole sphere, the complete shell has good directivity, and the requirement of omnidirectional directivity can be met.
In one possible design, the cable assembly includes: a cable connected to the external wire; and the cable connector is vulcanized and fixed at the end part of the cable.
In another possible design, the base includes: and one end of the metal base is provided with the supporting rod, and the other end of the metal base is fixed with the cable connector.
In another possible design, the rubber acoustically transparent layer includes: the polyurethane rubber sleeve is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the support rod, the internal lead and the external lead and used for protecting the internal structure; and the polyurethane rubber layer is positioned outside the base and the cable assembly and used for ensuring the water tightness of the position.
In another possible design, the first and second spherical shells with opposite polarization directions include: the polarization directions of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are opposite, the first spherical shell is internally positive and externally negative, and the second spherical shell is internally negative and externally positive; two electrode wires of the one end of outside wire are connected respectively first spherical shell, the second spherical shell of piezoceramics spherical shell include: and a negative electrode lead of the external lead is communicated with the first spherical shell, and a positive electrode lead is communicated with the second spherical shell, so that the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are connected in series.
In another possible design, the support bar includes: one end of the supporting rod is an arc-shaped bracket and is used for supporting and positioning the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the supporting rod is provided with a lead hole and is used for passing through an external lead.
In another possible design, the support rod is flexibly connected to the piezoceramic ball shell and is configured to support the piezoceramic ball shell, and the support rod includes: and the support rod is bonded with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell by using a bonding material, and the bonding material, such as silicon rubber, fixes the support rod and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and ensures that the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is in a free vibration state.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, which is used for manufacturing the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and includes: a pretreatment stage, an assembly stage and a packaging stage; wherein the assembly phase comprises: connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell by using an internal lead, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to bond the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead; coating silicon rubber on an arc-shaped bracket at the top of the supporting rod, and placing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell in the arc-shaped bracket for fixing; connecting the support rod with the metal base, and penetrating an external lead into the lead hole of the support rod and out of the bottom of the metal base; vulcanizing the cable connector and the cable, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector at the end part of the cable; connecting an external lead penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base with an electrode wire of a cable; and locking the metal base and the cable connector by using a fastener.
In the embodiment of the application, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is bonded with the support rod by the silicon rubber, so that the support rod is fixed with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is ensured to be in a free vibration state.
In another possible design, the preprocessing stage includes: after machining is finished, the machined part is preassembled, and the assembly process of the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone is set up in advance in a test; cleaning the metal base, the first spherical shell, the second spherical shell, the support rod, the screw cap and the cable connector, and cleaning structural members made of different materials in different manners; drying the components with absorbent cotton, and air drying at normal temperature.
In another possible design, the packaging stage includes: after the assembly is finished, the hydrophone is placed at normal temperature and solidified for a certain time, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically finished; then measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging process after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors; the sensor part of the assembled hydrophone is placed in a mold, the position of the sensor part is fixed, polyurethane rubber is injected into the mold, the mold is filled with the polyurethane rubber, the sensor part is placed in an oven with a certain temperature for a certain time, and the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone is formed by encapsulation and used for guaranteeing the water tightness of the hydrophone.
In the embodiment of the application, the polyurethane rubber structure formed after packaging forms an acoustic transmission layer, and plays roles of watertight, transmitting acoustic signals, protecting internal structures and the like.
The application provides a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, includes: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell and comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell; the support rod is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; the internal lead is used for communicating the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell; and the external lead is used for transmitting the electric signals. The utility model provides a series connection of first spherical shell, second spherical shell can guarantee the integrality of piezoceramics spherical shell, can improve the sensitivity of hydrophone simultaneously effectively, and ball-type broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone sensitivity height, frequency bandwidth, directive property be qxcomm technology, bearing capacity is strong, can be arranged in the deep sea (below 1000 m) environment to survey.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a preprocessing stage of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an assembly phase of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an encapsulation stage of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a sensitivity test result of a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
the cable comprises a polyurethane rubber sleeve-1, a piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell-2, a first spherical shell-2-1, a second spherical shell-2-2, silicon rubber-3, a support rod-4, an external lead-5, a metal base-6, a nut-7, a cable connector-8, a cable-9 and an internal lead-10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The performance of the spherical hydrophone is greatly influenced by the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, the existing domestic spherical hydrophones are mostly incomplete spherical shells with open end surfaces, the effective area of the spherical shells is small, and the omnidirectional directivity cannot be completely met, so that the defects of the prior art are overcome, the spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone aims to provide the spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone, and the spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone has high sensitivity, wide frequency band, omnidirectional directivity and strong pressure bearing capacity, and can be used for detection in a deep sea (below 1000 m) environment.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone includes: the piezoelectric ceramic ball-shaped cable comprises a polyurethane rubber sleeve 1, a piezoelectric ceramic ball-shaped shell 2, a first ball-shaped shell 2-1, a second ball-shaped shell 2-2, silicon rubber 3, a supporting rod 4, an external lead 5, a metal base 6, a screw cap 7, a cable connector 8, a cable 9 and an internal lead 10. Wherein, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is arranged on the metal base through a support rod 4; the cable connector is vulcanized and fixed with the cable; lead holes are arranged on the supporting rods, and two electrode wires of an external lead 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 penetrate through the lead holes of the supporting rods 4 and penetrate out of the metal base 6 to be respectively connected with positive and negative leads of a cable 9; the metal base 6 fills polyurethane rubber with the fixed back of nut 7 for the cable 9 connector, forms the layer of penetrating sound, plays the watertight, transmits sound signal and protects effect such as inner structure, and the complete piezoceramics spherical shell 2 and the bracing piece 4 that do not trompil constitute a spherical sensor.
In a possible embodiment, the piezoceramic spherical shell 2 formed by the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 is a complete spherical shell without an opening, and the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are bonded together after being connected by the internal lead 10 of the spherical shell. Optionally, the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are both hemispherical structures, or one or two of them are ball socket structures smaller than the hemispherical structures, or one or two of them are ball socket structures larger than the hemispherical structures.
In a possible embodiment, one end of the support rod 4 is an arc-shaped bracket, and a lead hole is arranged in the middle of the support rod, so that the support rod can support and position the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, and can lead out an electrode wire. Optionally, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is bonded to the support rod 4 by the silicone rubber 3, so that the support rod is fixed to the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is guaranteed to be in a free vibration state. The contact position of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 composed of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 and the support rod 4 is not limited.
In one possible embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is mounted on a metal base 6 through a support rod 4 and is arranged in the polyurethane rubber sleeve 1; the cable connector 8 and the cable 9 are connected and fixed in a vulcanization mode; lead holes are arranged on the support rod 4, and two electrode wires on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 penetrate through the lead holes of the support rod and penetrate out of the metal base 6 and are respectively connected with positive and negative leads of a cable 9; the metal base 6 and the cable connector 8 are fixed by the nut 7 and then filled with polyurethane rubber to form a sound-transmitting layer, so that the effects of water tightness, sound signal transmission, internal structure protection and the like are achieved, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and the support rod 4 are bonded by the silicon rubber 3, the support rod and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 are fixed, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is guaranteed to be in a free vibration state.
In a feasible embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 composed of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 is a functional material and is used for receiving the sound pressure outside the hydrophone, and is formed by bonding an upper hemispherical shell and a lower hemispherical shell of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2, wherein the polarization directions of the upper spherical shell 2-1 and the lower spherical shell of the second spherical shell 2-2 are opposite, for example, the upper spherical shell of the first spherical shell 2-1 is inner positive and outer negative, the lower spherical shell of the second spherical shell 2-2 is inner negative and outer positive, the inner walls of the spherical shells of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are bonded into a whole spherical shell after being connected by an internal lead 10, for example, the outer wall of the upper spherical shell of the first spherical shell 2-1 is connected with a negative lead, and the outer wall of the lower spherical shell of the second spherical shell 2-2 is connected with a positive lead, so that the series connection of the spherical shells is realized, the sensitivity of the hydrophone can be effectively improved, and the integrity of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured; the support rod 4 plays a role in positioning in the manufacturing process of the hydrophone, and is provided with lead holes, so that positive and negative leads of an electric ceramic spherical shell formed by pressing the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are connected to the outside of the sensor through the lead holes; the cable connector 8 has the function of resisting hydrostatic pressure and simultaneously ensures the water tightness of the hydrophone. The maximum diameter of the hydrophone is phi 22mm, and the length of the hydrophone is 90mm.
The spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of ultra-wide band, small size, high sensitivity, omnidirectional directivity, low noise and the like, and can be used for underwater signal detection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a manufacturing method of a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the manufacturing method includes three stages, i.e., an S100 preprocessing stage, an S200 assembling stage, and an S300 packaging stage.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a preprocessing stage of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention, where as shown in fig. 3, the preprocessing stage mainly includes the following steps:
step S110, pre-assembling after machining parts are machined, and testing an assembly process of a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone which is pre-established;
step S120, cleaning the metal base 6, the first spherical shell 2-1, the second spherical shell 2-2, the support rod 4, the screw cap 7 and the cable connector 8, and cleaning structural members made of different materials in different manners;
and step S130, drying all the components by using absorbent cotton, and then airing at normal temperature.
In step S110, the pre-assembly is to perform dimension inspection on all the components, so as to prevent the occurrence of assembly failure due to dimension failure. Meanwhile, the preset assembly process of the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone can be found in unreasonable or wrong places, and can be used for guiding the assembly of the formal assembly stage S120 by pre-assembly and correcting the preset assembly process.
In steps S120 and S130, a cleaning step and a drying step are performed to prevent dirt and water stain from adversely affecting the normal use of the hydrophone.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an assembly phase of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention, where as shown in fig. 4, the assembly phase mainly includes the following steps:
step S210, connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 by using internal leads, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 to bond the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead;
step S220, coating silicon rubber 3 on an arc-shaped bracket at the top of a support rod 4, and placing and fixing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 in the arc-shaped bracket;
step S230, connecting the support rod 4 with the metal base 6, and enabling an external lead 5 to penetrate through a lead hole of the support rod 4 and penetrate out of the bottom of the metal base 6;
step S240, vulcanizing the cable connector 8 and the cable 9, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector 8 at the end part of the cable 9;
step S250, connecting the external lead 5 which penetrates out from the bottom of the metal base 6 with an electrode wire of a cable 9;
step S260, the metal base 6 and the cable connector 8 are locked by the nut 7.
In step S210, epoxy resin is applied to the end surfaces of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 for bonding, or other bonding materials meeting the requirement may be used for bonding. The outer walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are respectively connected with the cathode lead and the anode lead of the external lead 5, and the outer walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 can also be respectively connected with the anode lead and the cathode lead of the external lead 5.
In step S220, the arc-shaped bracket on the top of the supporting rod 4 is coated with silicon rubber 3, which is an exemplary material, and other adhesive materials that can ensure the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 to be in a free vibration state may also be used.
In steps S230 to S210, the direction of penetration and penetration of the external lead 5 is exemplified, and the position of penetration and penetration is also exemplified. The vulcanization of the cable connector 8 and the cable 9 is also exemplary, and other treatments that meet the water tightness requirements may be used. The nut 7 may be replaced by other fasteners such as conventional wire clamps and the like.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an encapsulation phase of a method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the packaging stage mainly includes the following steps:
step S310, after the assembly is finished, the hydrophone is placed at normal temperature and cured for 24 hours, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically finished;
step S320, measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging process after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors;
and S330, putting the sensor part of the assembled hydrophone into a mold, fixing the position of the sensor part, injecting polyurethane rubber into the mold, filling the mold with the polyurethane rubber, placing the mold in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8-12 hours, and packaging to form the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone for ensuring the water tightness of the hydrophone, wherein a polyurethane rubber sleeve is formed outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, the support rod 4, the internal lead 10 and the external lead 5, and a polyurethane rubber layer is formed outside the metal base 6, the cable connector 8 and the screw cap 7.
In steps S310 to S330, the normal temperature curing time after the assembly, the oven temperature for the package, and the drying time are exemplary and may be adjusted according to the specific use case.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, and belongs to the technical field of hydrophones. The spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone comprises a piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, a support rod 4, a metal base 6, a cable connector 8, a cable 9 and a polyurethane rubber sleeve 1, wherein the spherical sensor 2 and the support rod 4 are arranged on the metal base 6 and are arranged in the polyurethane rubber sleeve 1; the cable connector 8 and the cable 9 are vulcanized and fixed; lead holes are arranged on the support rod 4, and positive and negative electrode wires of an external lead 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 consisting of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 penetrate through the lead holes of the support rod 4 and penetrate out of the metal base 6 to be respectively connected with positive and negative leads of a cable 9; the metal base 6 and the cable 9 connector are fixed by the screw cap 7 and then filled with polyurethane rubber to form an acoustic layer, thereby playing the roles of watertight, transmitting acoustic signals, protecting internal structures and the like.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a sensitivity test result of a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, experiments were performed on the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the sensitivity of the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone was measured. From the measurement results of fig. 6, it can be known that the spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone has flat receiving voltage sensitivity within the working bandwidth of 0-160kHz, the in-band fluctuation is less than 10dB, and the in-band average sensitivity is-205 dB.
The directivity of the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the invention is omnidirectional, and the main reasons can be that: firstly, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 consisting of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 is a complete spherical shell without an opening; secondly, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and the support rod 4 of the embodiment of the invention are bonded by the silicon rubber 3, so that the support rod 4 and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 are fixed, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured to be in a free vibration state. Therefore, the whole sphere of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is guaranteed to be an effective part, and the directivity of the hydrophone is omni-directional.
Compared with the prior art, the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency band, omnidirectional directivity and strong pressure bearing capacity, and can be used for detection in a deep sea (below 1000 m) environment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, so that it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone, comprising:
the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell which have opposite polarization directions and are used for converting external sound pressure into an electric signal, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell, so that the hydrophone has omnidirectional directivity;
the inner lead is positioned inside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two ends of the inner lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for being connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell in series;
the external lead is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two electrode wires of the external lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for transmitting electric signals generated by the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell;
the support rod is in flexible connection with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and enabling the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell to be in a free vibration state;
the supporting rod is installed at one end of the base;
the cable assembly is fixedly installed with the base, is connected with the external lead and is used for outputting the acoustic signal;
and the rubber sound-transmitting layer is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the internal lead, the external lead, the supporting rod, the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness and the sound transmission of the hydrophone.
2. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the cable assembly comprises:
a cable connected to the external wire;
and the cable connector is vulcanized and fixed at the end part of the cable.
3. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 2, wherein the base, comprises:
and one end of the metal base is provided with the supporting rod, and the other end of the metal base is fixed with the cable connector.
4. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the rubber acoustically transparent layer comprises:
the polyurethane rubber sleeve is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the support rod, the internal lead and the external lead and used for protecting the internal structure;
and the polyurethane rubber layer is positioned outside the base and the cable assembly and used for ensuring the water tightness of the position.
5. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with opposite polarization directions comprise:
the polarization directions of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are opposite, the first spherical shell is internally positive and externally negative, and the second spherical shell is internally negative and externally positive;
two electrode wires of outside wire are connected respectively first spherical shell, second spherical shell include:
and the negative electrode lead of the external lead is communicated with the first spherical shell, and the positive electrode lead is communicated with the second spherical shell, so that the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are connected in series.
6. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the support rods comprise:
one end of the supporting rod is an arc-shaped bracket and used for supporting and positioning the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the supporting rod is provided with a lead hole and used for passing through the external lead.
7. The spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the support rods are flexibly connected to the piezoceramic spherical shell, and comprise:
the support rod is bonded with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell through a bonding material, for example, silicon rubber, so that the support rod and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell are fixed, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is in a free vibration state.
8. A method for manufacturing a spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone used for manufacturing the spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
a pretreatment stage, an assembly stage and a packaging stage;
wherein the assembly phase comprises:
connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell by using an internal lead, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to bond the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead;
coating silicon rubber on an arc-shaped bracket at the top of the supporting rod, and placing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell in the arc-shaped bracket for fixing;
connecting the support rod with the metal base, and penetrating an external lead into the lead hole of the support rod and out of the bottom of the metal base;
vulcanizing the cable connector and the cable, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector at the end part of the cable;
connecting an external lead penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base with an electrode wire of a cable;
and locking the metal base and the cable connector by using a fastener.
9. The method of making a spherical broadband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to claim 8, wherein the preprocessing stage includes:
after machining of the machined parts is completed, pre-assembling is carried out, and a pre-established assembly process of the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone is tested;
cleaning the metal base, the first spherical shell, the second spherical shell, the support rod, the screw cap and the cable connector, and cleaning structural members made of different materials in different manners;
drying the components with absorbent cotton, and air drying at normal temperature.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the encapsulating step comprises:
after the assembly is finished, the hydrophone is placed at normal temperature and cured for a certain time, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically finished;
then measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging process after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors;
the sensor part of the assembled hydrophone is placed in a mold, the position of the sensor part is fixed, polyurethane rubber is injected into the mold, the mold is filled with the polyurethane rubber, the sensor part is placed in an oven at a certain temperature for a certain time, and the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone is formed by encapsulation and used for guaranteeing the water tightness of the hydrophone.
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