CN108732252B - A transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic properties of seabed sediments - Google Patents
A transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic properties of seabed sediments Download PDFInfo
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- CN108732252B CN108732252B CN201810842140.1A CN201810842140A CN108732252B CN 108732252 B CN108732252 B CN 108732252B CN 201810842140 A CN201810842140 A CN 201810842140A CN 108732252 B CN108732252 B CN 108732252B
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006713 insertion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及海底探测技术领域，特别是涉及一种海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器。The invention relates to the technical field of seabed detection, in particular to a transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments.
背景技术Background technique
海底是水下声场的重要边界，海底沉积物的声速和声衰减系数等声学特性参数对声波在海洋中的传播规律具有重要影响。海底沉积物声学特性调查与研究是军事海洋学和军事地球物理学的重要研究内容，对于国防建设具有重要的意义，而且在海洋工程勘察、海底资源勘探开发以及海底环境监测等领域具有重要的应用价值。The seabed is an important boundary of the underwater sound field. Acoustic characteristic parameters such as the sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient of the seabed sediment have an important influence on the propagation law of sound waves in the ocean. The investigation and research on the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments is an important research content of military oceanography and military geophysics. It is of great significance to national defense construction, and has important applications in the fields of marine engineering survey, seabed resource exploration and development, and seabed environment monitoring. value.
海底沉积物声学特性原位测量是将声学仪器放置海底，直接测量声波在沉积物中的传播特性，这种方法避免了取样和搬运对沉积物造成的扰动，并且周围环境未发生变化，因此，测得的声速和声衰减系数更加准确可靠。The in-situ measurement of acoustic properties of seabed sediments is to place acoustic instruments on the seabed to directly measure the propagation characteristics of sound waves in sediments. This method avoids the disturbance of sediments caused by sampling and transportation, and the surrounding environment has not changed. Therefore, The measured sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient are more accurate and reliable.
海底原位测量对换能器的要求较高，不仅需要换能器具有耐高静水压力的特点，并且要求换能器在贯入沉积物时避免陶瓷管受到很大的贯入阻力而导致破裂，其次需要消除复杂的海底噪声对换能器声学信号的影响。国外对海底原位测量换能器的研究较早，但没有很好的解决贯入力对压电陶瓷的影响，国内的研究尚处于起步阶段，只是对换能器进行了耐高压的设计。因此，如何解决贯入力对换能器内压电陶瓷管的影响成为本领域亟需解决的问题。The in-situ measurement of the seabed has high requirements on the transducer, which not only requires the transducer to be resistant to high hydrostatic pressure, but also requires the transducer to prevent the ceramic tube from being broken due to high penetration resistance when penetrating into the sediment. , and secondly, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of complex submarine noise on the acoustic signal of the transducer. The research on the in-situ measurement transducer of the seabed is earlier in foreign countries, but the influence of penetration force on piezoelectric ceramics has not been well resolved. The domestic research is still in its infancy, and only the transducer has been designed to withstand high voltage. Therefore, how to solve the impact of the penetration force on the piezoelectric ceramic tube in the transducer has become an urgent problem in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器，以消除贯入力和高静水压力对换能器内压电陶瓷管的影响，提高换能器的测量精度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments, to eliminate the influence of penetrating force and high hydrostatic pressure on the piezoelectric ceramic tube in the transducer, and improve the measurement accuracy of the transducer.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器，包括承载轴，固接于所述承载轴首部的探杆、固接于所述承载轴尾部的贯入锥；所述承载轴的首部设有内空腔，所述内空腔的端口连接有水密缆，所述承载轴还设有若干与所述内空腔连通的通孔，所述通孔内设有接线柱，所述接线柱通过绝缘端子包裹固定于所述通孔内，所述接线柱的两端有导线，所述导线的一端与所述水密缆连接；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transducer for in-situ measurement of the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments, comprising a bearing shaft, a probe fixed to the head of the bearing shaft, and a penetrating rod fixed to the tail of the bearing shaft. Cone; the head of the bearing shaft is provided with an inner cavity, the port of the inner cavity is connected with a watertight cable, and the bearing shaft is also provided with a number of through holes communicating with the inner cavity, and the through holes are A terminal is provided, and the terminal is wrapped and fixed in the through hole through an insulating terminal. There are wires at both ends of the terminal, and one end of the wire is connected to the watertight cable;
所述探杆与所述贯入锥之间的承载轴上套设有多个压电陶瓷管，且所述压电陶瓷管与所述承载轴之间形成内油腔，所述压电陶瓷管外套设有透声密封套，且所述压电陶瓷管与所述透声密封套形成外油腔，相邻两段所述压电陶瓷管之间以及端部压电陶瓷管通过设于所述承载轴上的固定组件固定，所述固定组件设有连通所述内油腔与所述外油腔的通油孔；所述导线的另一端与所述压电陶瓷管电连接；A plurality of piezoelectric ceramic tubes are sleeved on the bearing shaft between the probe rod and the penetration cone, and an inner oil chamber is formed between the piezoelectric ceramic tubes and the bearing shaft, and the piezoelectric ceramic The outer casing of the tube is provided with a sound-transmitting sealing sleeve, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube and the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve form an outer oil cavity, and the piezoelectric ceramic tubes at the ends of the two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic tubes pass through the The fixing assembly on the bearing shaft is fixed, and the fixing assembly is provided with an oil hole connecting the inner oil chamber and the outer oil chamber; the other end of the wire is electrically connected to the piezoelectric ceramic tube;
所述透声密封套的首端设有首部密封组件，所述透声密封套的尾端设有尾部密封组件，所述首部密封组件与所述尾部密封组件将所述外油腔与所述内油腔密封，且所述尾部密封组件包括与所述外油腔连通的注油孔和用于密封所述的注油孔密封件；所述尾部密封组件与所述贯入锥之间设有定位环。The head end of the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve is provided with a head sealing assembly, and the tail end of the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve is provided with a tail sealing assembly. The head sealing assembly and the tail sealing assembly connect the outer oil chamber with the The inner oil chamber is sealed, and the tail seal assembly includes an oil injection hole communicated with the outer oil chamber and a seal member for sealing the oil injection hole; a positioning ring.
可选的，所述固定组件包括套设于所述承载轴上的金属骨架圈和两套设于所述金属骨架圈上的环氧定位圈；所述金属骨架圈内表面设有若干通油槽，所述金属骨架圈外表面中部设有一环形凸棱，所述金属骨架圈的至少一端面设有穿线槽，且所述穿线槽与所述通油槽的位置相对应；至少有一所述环氧定位圈的一段面设有穿线通油槽，两所述环氧定位圈分别套设于所述环形凸棱的两侧的所述金属骨架圈外表面，且所述穿线通油槽与所述穿线槽与所述通油槽的位置相对应。Optionally, the fixing assembly includes a metal skeleton ring sleeved on the bearing shaft and two epoxy positioning rings sleeved on the metal skeleton ring; several oil passage grooves are provided on the inner surface of the metal skeleton ring , the middle part of the outer surface of the metal skeleton ring is provided with an annular rib, at least one end surface of the metal skeleton ring is provided with a threading groove, and the threading groove corresponds to the position of the oil passage groove; at least one of the epoxy One section of the positioning ring is provided with a threading oil groove, and the two epoxy positioning rings are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the metal skeleton ring on both sides of the annular rib, and the threading oil groove and the threading groove Corresponding to the position of the oil passage groove.
可选的，所述压电陶瓷管有四个，所述金属骨架圈有五个，所述环氧定位圈有八个，其中，包括三个位于相邻两所述压电陶瓷管之间的所述金属骨架圈，一个位于压电陶瓷管首部的所述金属骨架圈和一个位于压电陶瓷管尾部的所述金属骨架圈，每一位于相邻两所述压电陶瓷管之间的所述金属骨架圈上套设有两所述环氧定位圈，位于压电陶瓷管首部的所述金属骨架圈和位于压电陶瓷管尾部的所述金属骨架圈个套设一个所述环氧定位圈，且所述环氧定位圈与所述压电陶瓷管的端面接触；四个所述压电陶瓷管串联构成发射换能器，或四个所述压电陶瓷管并联构成接收换能器。Optionally, there are four piezoelectric ceramic tubes, five metal skeleton rings, and eight epoxy positioning rings, including three located between two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic tubes The metal skeleton ring, one metal skeleton ring at the head of the piezoelectric ceramic tube and one metal skeleton ring at the tail of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, each located between two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic tubes Two epoxy positioning rings are sleeved on the metal skeleton ring, and the metal skeleton ring located at the head of the piezoelectric ceramic tube and the metal skeleton ring located at the tail of the piezoelectric ceramic tube are each sleeved with one of the epoxy positioning rings. positioning ring, and the epoxy positioning ring is in contact with the end face of the piezoelectric ceramic tube; four piezoelectric ceramic tubes are connected in series to form a transmitting transducer, or four piezoelectric ceramic tubes are connected in parallel to form a receiving transducer device.
可选的，所述首部密封组件包括与所述透声密封套硫化连接的首部密封套，设于所述首部密封套与所述承载轴之间的首部密封件，所述承载轴外表面设有容置所述首部密封件的第一定位槽。Optionally, the head seal assembly includes a head seal sleeve vulcanized and connected to the sound-transmitting seal sleeve, a head seal provided between the head seal sleeve and the bearing shaft, and the outer surface of the bearing shaft is provided with There is a first positioning groove for accommodating the head seal.
可选的，所述探杆与所述承载轴通过螺纹紧固连接，且所述探杆与所述承载轴之间设有探杆密封件，所述承载轴外表面设有容置所述探杆密封件的第二定位槽。Optionally, the probe rod is fastened to the bearing shaft through threads, and a probe rod seal is provided between the probe rod and the bearing shaft, and the outer surface of the bearing shaft is provided with a Second locating groove for probe seal.
可选的，所述尾部密封组件包括与所述透声密封套硫化连接的尾部密封套，位于所述尾部密封套与所述承载轴之间的尾部密封件，和位于所述尾部密封套的尾部与所述承载轴之间的密封橡胶垫，且所述密封橡胶垫设于所述尾部密封套与所述定位环之间，所述尾部密封套的尾端设有所述注油孔，所述注油孔密封件包括插设于所述注油孔内的密封螺钉，套于所述密封螺钉的钉杆上的密封圈，所述密封螺钉的钉帽面积大于所述注油孔的孔口，且所述密封圈的直径所述注油孔的孔径小于所述钉帽直径，所述密封圈设于所述注油孔的孔口端部与所述钉帽之间。Optionally, the tail seal assembly includes a tail seal sleeve vulcanized with the sound-transmitting seal sleeve, a tail seal located between the tail seal sleeve and the bearing shaft, and a tail seal located in the tail seal sleeve. The sealing rubber pad between the tail part and the bearing shaft, and the sealing rubber pad is arranged between the tail sealing sleeve and the positioning ring, and the tail end of the tail sealing sleeve is provided with the oil injection hole, so The oil injection hole seal includes a sealing screw inserted in the oil injection hole, a sealing ring set on the nail shaft of the sealing screw, the nail cap area of the sealing screw is larger than the orifice of the oil injection hole, and The diameter of the sealing ring and the diameter of the oil injection hole are smaller than the diameter of the nut, and the sealing ring is arranged between the end of the oil injection hole and the nut.
可选的，所述定位环与所述尾部密封套之间设有间隙，所述首部密封套、所述透声密封套与所述尾部密封套在所述间隙范围内滑动。Optionally, a gap is provided between the positioning ring and the tail sealing sleeve, and the first sealing sleeve, the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve and the tail sealing sleeve slide within the range of the gap.
可选的，所述内油腔与所述外油腔内充满低阻抗油。Optionally, the inner oil chamber and the outer oil chamber are filled with low-resistance oil.
可选的，所述贯入锥的锥尖开角为40°。Optionally, the tip opening angle of the penetrating cone is 40°.
可选的，所述通孔与所述接线柱之间的缝隙通过所述绝缘端子密封。Optionally, the gap between the through hole and the terminal is sealed by the insulating terminal.
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明提供的海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器的压电陶瓷管内外两侧形成有内油腔和外油腔，且在压电陶瓷管外还套设有透声密封套，透声密封套的首尾分别设有首部密封组件和尾部密封组件，压电陶瓷管由首部密封组件、透声密封套、尾部密封组件以及定位环进行限位并密封，贯入锥与尾部密封组件之间留有足够的间隙，这种结构设计使换能器在下插到沉积物的过程中，贯入锥受到的下插反作用力直接作用到承载轴上，压电陶瓷管处于不受力状态，保证了压电陶瓷管的可靠性与稳定性，避免了贯入阻力对压电陶瓷管的影响，并使压电陶瓷管在高静水压力下保持其内外压力平衡，避免压电陶瓷单向受力而损坏，提高了换能器的测量精度。According to the specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: the piezoelectric ceramic tube provided by the present invention is provided with an inner oil cavity and an outer oil cavity on the inner and outer sides of the transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments, In addition, a sound-transmitting sealing sleeve is provided outside the piezoelectric ceramic tube. The head and tail of the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve are respectively provided with a head sealing assembly and a tail sealing assembly. The piezoelectric ceramic tube is composed of a head sealing assembly, a sound-transmitting sealing sleeve, and a tail sealing assembly. And the positioning ring is limited and sealed, and there is enough gap between the penetrating cone and the tail seal assembly. This structural design makes the penetrating cone receive the downward insertion reaction force when the transducer is inserted into the sediment. Directly acting on the bearing shaft, the piezoelectric ceramic tube is in an unstressed state, which ensures the reliability and stability of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, avoids the influence of penetration resistance on the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and makes the piezoelectric ceramic tube Maintain the internal and external pressure balance under high hydrostatic pressure, avoid piezoelectric ceramics from being damaged due to one-way force, and improve the measurement accuracy of the transducer.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本发明实施例提供的海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器的轴向剖面图；Fig. 1 is the axial sectional view of the transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器的径向剖面图；Fig. 2 is the radial sectional view of the transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器的注油孔结构图；Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the oil injection hole of the transducer for in-situ measurement of the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器的压电陶瓷管部分放大结构图；Fig. 4 is the partially enlarged structure diagram of the piezoelectric ceramic tube of the transducer for in-situ measurement of the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的金属骨架圈的立体图；5 is a perspective view of a metal skeleton ring provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的环氧定位圈的立体图；6 is a perspective view of an epoxy positioning ring provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例提供的绝缘端子和接线柱的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating terminal and a binding post provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中，探杆1、水密缆2、探杆密封件3、承载轴4、首部密封套5、透声密封套6、外油腔7、内油腔8、尾部密封套9、定位环10、密封橡胶垫11、贯入锥12、密封圈13、密封螺钉14、注油孔15、尾部密封件16、压电陶瓷管17、绝缘端子18、首部密封件19、环氧定位圈20、金属骨架圈21、通油槽22、穿线槽23、穿线通油槽24、接线柱25、导线26。In the figure, probe rod 1, watertight cable 2, probe rod seal 3, bearing shaft 4, head seal sleeve 5, acoustic seal sleeve 6, outer oil chamber 7, inner oil chamber 8, tail seal sleeve 9, positioning ring 10 , sealing rubber pad 11, penetrating cone 12, sealing ring 13, sealing screw 14, oil injection hole 15, tail seal 16, piezoelectric ceramic tube 17, insulating terminal 18, head seal 19, epoxy positioning ring 20, metal Skeleton ring 21, oil groove 22, threading groove 23, threading oil groove 24, terminal post 25, wire 26.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明的目的是提供一种海底沉积物声学特性原位测量换能器，以消除贯入力和高静水压力对换能器内压电陶瓷管的影响，提高换能器的测量精度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transducer for in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments, to eliminate the influence of penetrating force and high hydrostatic pressure on the piezoelectric ceramic tube in the transducer, and improve the measurement accuracy of the transducer.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-7所示，本实施例提供的海底沉积物原位测量换能器包括探杆1、水密缆2、探杆密封件3、承载轴4、首部密封套5、透声密封套6、外油腔7、内油腔8、尾部密封套9、定位环10、密封橡胶垫11、贯入锥12、密封圈13、密封螺钉14、注油孔15、尾部密封件16、压电陶瓷管17、绝缘端子18、首部密封件19、环氧定位圈20、金属骨架圈21、通油槽22、穿线槽23、穿线通油槽24、接线柱25、导线26。As shown in Figures 1-7, the transducer for in-situ measurement of seabed sediments provided in this embodiment includes a probe rod 1, a watertight cable 2, a probe rod seal 3, a bearing shaft 4, a head sealing sleeve 5, and a sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6. Outer oil chamber 7, inner oil chamber 8, tail seal sleeve 9, positioning ring 10, sealing rubber pad 11, penetration cone 12, sealing ring 13, sealing screw 14, oil injection hole 15, tail seal 16, piezoelectric Ceramic tube 17, insulating terminal 18, head seal 19, epoxy positioning ring 20, metal skeleton ring 21, oil passage groove 22, threading groove 23, threading oil passage groove 24, terminal post 25, wire 26.
探杆1通过螺纹固接于承载轴4首部，贯入锥12通过螺纹固接于承载轴4尾部，承载轴4的首部设有内空腔，内空腔的端口连接有水密缆2，承载轴4还设有若干与内空腔连通的通孔，通孔内设有接线柱25，接线柱25通过绝缘端子18包裹固定于通孔内，接线柱25的两端有导线26，导线26的一端与水密缆2连接；The probe rod 1 is fixed to the head of the bearing shaft 4 through threads, and the penetrating cone 12 is fixed to the tail of the bearing shaft 4 through threads. The head of the bearing shaft 4 is provided with an inner cavity, and the port of the inner cavity is connected with a watertight cable 2. The shaft 4 is also provided with some through holes communicating with the inner cavity. The through holes are provided with terminal posts 25. The terminal posts 25 are wrapped and fixed in the through holes by the insulating terminals 18. There are wires 26 at both ends of the terminal posts 25. The wires 26 One end of is connected with watertight cable 2;
探杆1与贯入锥12之间的承载轴4上套设有多个压电陶瓷管17，且压电陶瓷管17与承载轴4之间形成内油腔8，压电陶瓷管17外套设有透声密封套6，且压电陶瓷管17与透声密封套6形成外油腔7，相邻两段压电陶瓷管17之间以及端部压电陶瓷管17通过设于承载轴4上的固定组件固定，固定组件设有连通内油腔8与外油腔7的通油孔；导线26的另一端与压电陶瓷17电连接；A plurality of piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are sleeved on the bearing shaft 4 between the probe rod 1 and the penetration cone 12, and an inner oil chamber 8 is formed between the piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 and the bearing shaft 4, and the piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are sheathed There is a sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 form an outer oil chamber 7, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 between two adjacent sections of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 at the end pass through the bearing shaft. The fixed assembly on 4 is fixed, and the fixed assembly is provided with an oil through hole connecting the inner oil chamber 8 and the outer oil chamber 7; the other end of the wire 26 is electrically connected to the piezoelectric ceramic 17;
透声密封套6的首端设有首部密封组件，透声密封套6的尾端设有尾部密封组件，首部密封组件与尾部密封组件将外油腔7与内油腔8密封，且尾部密封组件包括与外油腔7连通的注油孔15和用于密封的注油孔密封件；尾部密封组件与贯入锥12之间设有定位环10。The head end of the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 is provided with a head sealing assembly, and the tail end of the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 is provided with a tail sealing assembly. The head sealing assembly and the tail sealing assembly seal the outer oil chamber 7 and the inner oil chamber 8, and the tail seals The assembly includes an oil injection hole 15 communicating with the outer oil chamber 7 and an oil injection hole seal for sealing; a positioning ring 10 is provided between the tail seal assembly and the penetration cone 12 .
本实施例压电陶瓷管17由首部密封组件、透声密封套6、尾部密封组件以及定位环10进行限位并密封，贯入锥12与尾部密封组件之间留有足够的间隙，这种结构设计使换能器在下插到沉积物的过程中，贯入锥12受到的下插反作用力直接作用到承载轴4上，压电陶瓷管17处于不受力状态，保证了压电陶瓷管17的可靠性与稳定性，避免了贯入力对压电陶瓷管的影响，进而提高了换能器的测量精度。In this embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 is limited and sealed by the head sealing assembly, the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6, the tail sealing assembly and the positioning ring 10, and there is enough clearance between the penetration cone 12 and the tail sealing assembly. The structure is designed so that when the transducer is inserted into the sediment, the downward insertion reaction force received by the penetration cone 12 directly acts on the bearing shaft 4, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 is in an unstressed state, ensuring that the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 reliability and stability, avoiding the impact of penetration force on the piezoelectric ceramic tube, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the transducer.
如图4-6所示，本实施例中固定组件包括套设于承载轴4上的金属骨架圈21和两套设于金属骨架圈21上的环氧定位圈20；金属骨架圈21内表面设有若干通油槽22，金属骨架圈21外表面中部设有一环形凸棱，金属骨架圈21的至少一端面设有穿线槽23，且穿线槽23与通油槽22的位置相对应；至少有一环氧定位圈20的一段面设有穿线通油槽24，两环氧定位圈20分别套设于环形凸棱的两侧的金属骨架圈21外表面，且穿线通油槽24与穿线槽23与通油槽22的位置相对应，通油孔有相互连通的穿线通油槽24、穿线槽23与通油槽22构成。As shown in Figures 4-6, the fixing assembly in this embodiment includes a metal skeleton ring 21 sleeved on the bearing shaft 4 and two epoxy positioning rings 20 sleeved on the metal skeleton ring 21; the inner surface of the metal skeleton ring 21 There are a number of oil passage grooves 22, an annular rib is provided in the middle of the outer surface of the metal skeleton ring 21, and at least one end surface of the metal skeleton ring 21 is provided with a threading groove 23, and the threading groove 23 corresponds to the position of the oil passage groove 22; at least one ring One side of the oxygen positioning ring 20 is provided with a threading oil groove 24, and two epoxy positioning rings 20 are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the metal skeleton ring 21 on both sides of the annular rib, and the threading oil groove 24 and the threading groove 23 are connected to the oil groove. The position of 22 is corresponding, and the oil passage hole has the threading oil passage groove 24 that communicates with each other, the threading groove 23 and the oil passage groove 22 constitute.
如图1和4所示，本实施例中的压电陶瓷管17有四个，金属骨架圈21有五个，环氧定位圈20有八个，其中，包括3个位于相邻两压电陶瓷管17之间的金属骨架圈21，一个位于压电陶瓷管17首部的金属骨架圈21和一个位于压电陶瓷管17尾部的金属骨架圈21，每一位于相邻两压电陶瓷管17之间的金属骨架圈21上套设有两环氧定位圈20，位于压电陶瓷管17首部的金属骨架圈21和位于压电陶瓷管17尾部的金属骨架圈21个套设一个环氧定位圈20，且环氧定位圈0与压电陶瓷管17的端面接触；四个压电陶瓷管17串联构成发射换能器，或四个压电陶瓷管17并联构成接收换能器。对于发射换能器，4个压电陶瓷管17串联连接在一起提高了其发射电压响应；对于接收换能器，4个压电陶瓷管17并联连接在一起，提高了其接收灵敏度；压电陶瓷管17在换能器内部沿换能器轴向排列，沿换能器径向振动；压电陶瓷管17与金属骨架圈21、承载轴4之间填充有环氧定位圈20，有效防止声波振动沿承载轴4传播，保证了声波的强度以及沉积物声学原位测量的可靠性，进而提高了测量精度。As shown in Figures 1 and 4, there are four piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 in this embodiment, five metal skeleton rings 21, and eight epoxy positioning rings 20, including three located on adjacent two piezoelectric ceramic tubes. The metal skeleton ring 21 between the ceramic tubes 17, a metal skeleton ring 21 positioned at the head of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and a metal skeleton ring 21 positioned at the tail of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17, each positioned at two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 Two epoxy positioning rings 20 are set on the metal skeleton ring 21 between them, and the metal skeleton ring 21 located at the head of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and the metal skeleton ring 21 located at the tail of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 are provided with an epoxy positioning ring. ring 20, and the epoxy positioning ring 0 is in contact with the end face of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17; four piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are connected in series to form a transmitting transducer, or four piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are connected in parallel to form a receiving transducer. For the transmitting transducer, 4 piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are connected in series to improve its transmission voltage response; for the receiving transducer, 4 piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17 are connected in parallel to improve its receiving sensitivity; The ceramic tubes 17 are arranged inside the transducer along the axial direction of the transducer, and vibrate along the radial direction of the transducer; epoxy positioning rings 20 are filled between the piezoelectric ceramic tubes 17, the metal skeleton ring 21 and the bearing shaft 4 to effectively prevent The sound wave vibration propagates along the bearing shaft 4, which ensures the strength of the sound wave and the reliability of the acoustic in-situ measurement of the sediment, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.
上述的压电陶瓷管17与承载轴4形成了内油腔8，压电陶瓷管17与透声密封套6形成了外油腔7，内油腔8与外油腔7通过通油孔连通，当充满低阻抗油时，压电陶瓷管17被低阻抗油全部包围，当换能器进入海水后，在透声密封套的弹性调节下，外部海水与内油腔8和外油腔7的低阻抗油达到压力平衡，低阻抗油施加在压电陶瓷管17的压力为均衡力，不会造成压电陶瓷单向受力而破裂。The above-mentioned piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and the bearing shaft 4 form an inner oil chamber 8, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 form an outer oil chamber 7, and the inner oil chamber 8 and the outer oil chamber 7 are communicated through oil holes. , when filled with low-impedance oil, the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 is completely surrounded by low-impedance oil. The low-impedance oil reaches the pressure balance, and the pressure exerted by the low-impedance oil on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 is a balanced force, which will not cause the piezoelectric ceramics to be broken due to unidirectional force.
如图1所示，本实施例中的首部密封组件包括与透声密封套6硫化连接的首部密封套5，设于首部密封套5与承载轴4之间的首部密封件19，承载轴4外表面设有容置首部密封件19的第一定位槽。如图3尾部密封组件包括与透声密封套6硫化连接的尾部密封套9，位于尾部密封套9与承载轴4之间的尾部密封件16，和位于尾部密封套9的尾部与承载轴4之间的密封橡胶垫11，且密封橡胶垫11设于尾部密封套9与定位环10之间，尾部密封套的尾端设有注油孔15，注油孔密封件包括插设于注油孔15内的密封螺钉14，套于密封螺钉14的钉杆上的密封圈13，密封螺钉14的钉帽面积大于注油孔15的孔口，且密封圈13的直径注油孔15的孔径小于钉帽直径，密封圈13设于注油孔15的孔口端部与钉帽之间。定位环10与尾部密封套9之间设有间隙，首部密封套5、透声密封套6与尾部密封套9在间隙范围内滑动。承载轴4外表面设有容置尾部密封件16的第三定位槽。As shown in Figure 1, the head seal assembly in this embodiment includes a head seal sleeve 5 vulcanized with the sound-transmitting seal sleeve 6, a head seal 19 arranged between the head seal sleeve 5 and the bearing shaft 4, and the bearing shaft 4 The outer surface is provided with a first positioning groove for accommodating the head seal 19 . As shown in Figure 3, the tail seal assembly includes a tail seal sleeve 9 vulcanized with the sound-transmitting seal sleeve 6, a tail seal 16 located between the tail seal sleeve 9 and the bearing shaft 4, and a tail portion located between the tail seal sleeve 9 and the bearing shaft 4 The sealing rubber pad 11 between them, and the sealing rubber pad 11 is set between the tail sealing sleeve 9 and the positioning ring 10, the tail end of the tail sealing sleeve is provided with an oil injection hole 15, and the oil injection hole seal includes inserting in the oil injection hole 15 The sealing screw 14 is set on the sealing ring 13 on the nail rod of the sealing screw 14, the nail cap area of the sealing screw 14 is larger than the orifice of the oil filling hole 15, and the diameter of the sealing ring 13 The aperture of the oil filling hole 15 is smaller than the diameter of the nail cap, The sealing ring 13 is disposed between the end of the oil filling hole 15 and the nail cap. There is a gap between the positioning ring 10 and the tail sealing sleeve 9, and the head sealing sleeve 5, the sound-permeable sealing sleeve 6 and the tail sealing sleeve 9 slide within the range of the gap. The outer surface of the bearing shaft 4 is provided with a third positioning groove for accommodating the tail seal 16 .
需要说明的是，为保证压电陶瓷管轴向的稳定性，又使压电陶瓷管不产生轴向受力。在安装定位环10时，控制定位环10的位置，使尾部密封套9与位于尾端的金属骨架圈保持极小的间隙，并且保证密封橡胶垫11与尾部密封套9以及定位环10之间有2-3mm的间隙。It should be noted that, in order to ensure the axial stability of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the piezoelectric ceramic tube does not generate axial force. When installing the locating ring 10, control the position of the locating ring 10 so that the tail sealing sleeve 9 and the metal skeleton ring at the tail end maintain a very small gap, and ensure that there is a gap between the sealing rubber pad 11, the tail sealing sleeve 9 and the positioning ring 10. 2-3mm gap.
这里首部密封套5和尾部密封套9与透声密封套6采用硫化橡胶硫化在一起，透声密封套6保护了压电陶瓷管17，提高了换能器的耐磨性，透声密封套6良好的弹性可以保证换能器内部与周围海水的压力平衡，并且透声密封套6对换能器声波的衰减很小，可以保证沉积物声学原位测量的可靠性。Here, the first sealing sleeve 5 and the tail sealing sleeve 9 are vulcanized together with the sound-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 using vulcanized rubber. The acoustic-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 protects the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 and improves the wear resistance of the transducer. The acoustic-transmitting sealing sleeve 6 Good elasticity can ensure the pressure balance between the inside of the transducer and the surrounding seawater, and the acoustically transparent sealing sleeve 6 has little attenuation of the sound wave of the transducer, which can ensure the reliability of acoustic in-situ measurement of sediments.
为了进一步提高密封性，探杆1与承载轴4之间设有探杆密封件3，承载轴4外表面设有容置探杆密封件3的第二定位槽。通孔与接线柱25之间的缝隙通过绝缘端子18密封。水密缆2从承载轴4的通孔穿到绝缘端子18上，并通过接线柱25与连接到压电陶瓷管17正负极的导线26相连，绝缘端子18将承载轴4密封，使内油腔8以及外油腔7中的低阻抗油不会进入到承载轴4中。In order to further improve the sealing performance, a probe rod seal 3 is provided between the probe rod 1 and the bearing shaft 4 , and the outer surface of the bearing shaft 4 is provided with a second positioning groove for accommodating the probe rod seal 3 . The gap between the through hole and the stud 25 is sealed by the insulating terminal 18 . The watertight cable 2 passes through the through hole of the bearing shaft 4 to the insulating terminal 18, and is connected to the wire 26 connected to the positive and negative poles of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 17 through the terminal post 25. The insulating terminal 18 seals the bearing shaft 4 so that the internal oil The low-resistance oil in the chamber 8 and the outer oil chamber 7 will not enter the bearing shaft 4 .
本实施例中贯入锥12安装在承载轴4的尾端，且锥尖开角为40o，可以减小换能器的下插阻力，使换能器顺利插入沉积物中一定深度，消除下插阻力对换能器性能的影响。In this embodiment, the penetration cone 12 is installed at the tail end of the bearing shaft 4, and the opening angle of the cone tip is 40°, which can reduce the insertion resistance of the transducer, so that the transducer can be smoothly inserted into the sediment to a certain depth, and eliminate Effect of insertion resistance on transducer performance.
在进行海底沉积物声学特性原位测量时，需至少由一个发射换能器与一个接收换能器成对使用，两个换能器同时贯入到沉积物中，并保持同一高度，启动两个换能器时，可通过换能器的发射信号和接收信号得到深海底沉积物的声学特性。In the in-situ measurement of the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments, at least one transmitting transducer and one receiving transducer must be used in pairs. The two transducers penetrate into the sediment at the same time and keep the same height. When a transducer is used, the acoustic characteristics of deep seabed sediments can be obtained through the transmitting and receiving signals of the transducer.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。In this paper, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention Thoughts, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application ranges. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
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| CN113687339B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-03-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | High-frequency arc-shaped emission matrix for full-sea deep work |
| CN115615534B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Liquid-filled probe rod and measuring device for measuring in-situ sound velocity of submarine sediment |
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| CN101923073A (en) * | 2010-08-28 | 2010-12-22 | 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 | In-situ detection system for acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments based on hydraulically driven penetration |
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| CN105548368A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-05-04 | 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 | Ballast injection type in-situ measurement device for acoustic characteristics of bottom sediments |
| CN106645421A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-10 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Bottom sediment acoustics in-situ measurement and synchronous sampling device and method |
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