CN115460524B - Spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
- H04R17/02—Microphones
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
The application provides a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising the following steps: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a nonporous complete shell and comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell; the support rod is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; an internal wire for communicating the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell; and an external wire for transmitting an electrical signal. The first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are connected in series, so that the integrity of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell can be ensured, the sensitivity of the hydrophone can be effectively improved, and the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone has high sensitivity, wide frequency band, omni-directional directivity and strong bearing capacity, and can be used for detection in a deep sea environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrophones, in particular to a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In world countries, when more and more importance is attached to the battlefield of ocean, which is rich in resources and stronger than the science and technology, the active development of the underwater sound detection technology in China is unprecedented, and the important significance of the technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, the underwater sound detection technology is an important technical guarantee for realizing the national ocean technology strategy, is a comprehensive embodiment of the national technology level, and is an urgent need for keeping the national economy sustainable development, so that the development of the underwater sound detection technology has important significance for realizing the national ocean strategy; secondly, the implementation of the ocean strategy must have a strong technical force as a rear shield, and equipment suitable for the ocean is suitable for the technology of detecting the non-boiled water sound in the future, so that the development of the technology of detecting the water sound has profound significance for the construction of the water sound engineering in China, the enhancement of the ocean detection strength and the improvement of the overall technical level of the ocean equipment; thirdly, the underwater sound detection technology is an important basic technology group in the field of the ship science and technology industry, and the development of the underwater sound detection technology is also a requirement for the development of the ship science and technology, so that the underwater sound detection technology has important significance for improving the whole capability and level of the ship science and technology industry in China.
The hydrophone can effectively convert acoustic signals into electric signals under water, and the electric signals are processed to realize the detection of the acoustic signals, so that the aims of underwater target detection, underwater information extraction and the like are fulfilled. Because the development requirement of underwater sound detection and communication equipment and the key effect of hydrophone play in the equipment, a great amount of manpower and material resources are invested in many countries for research, the performance of the hydrophone is improved based on the novel structure, the novel mechanism and the novel technology, and the development of the underwater sound detection and communication equipment is promoted. The hydrophone has very wide application, mainly comprises the aspects of marine resource exploration, submarine topography mapping, underwater acoustic communication, underwater target imaging, submarine pipeline detection, fishing probes and the like, has higher and higher requirements on the hydrophone, and has high value in developing the hydrophone with wide frequency band, high sensitivity, low noise, stable performance and high reliability.
The performance of the existing spherical hydrophone is greatly influenced by the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, most of the spherical hydrophones in China are incomplete spherical shells with open end surfaces, the effective area of the spherical shells is small, and the omni-directional directivity cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application provides a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone has good directivity and can meet the omnidirectional directivity.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell with opposite polarization directions and is used for converting external sound pressure into an electric signal, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell, so that the hydrophone has omni-directional directivity; the internal lead is positioned in the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two ends of the internal lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for connecting the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell in series; the external lead is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two electrode wires of the external lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for transmitting electric signals generated by the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; the support rod is in flexible connection with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and enabling the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell to be in a free vibration state; the support rod is arranged at one end of the base; the cable assembly is fixedly arranged on the base, connected with the external lead and used for outputting the acoustic signal; and the rubber sound transmission layer is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the inner lead, the outer lead, the supporting rod, the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness and sound transmission of the hydrophone.
In the embodiment of the application, the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone does not adopt an end surface perforating method, but adopts an internal lead to connect the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to form a non-porous complete shell, and the effective area of the complete shell is a complete sphere, so that the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone has good directivity and can meet the requirement of omnidirectional directivity.
In one possible design, the cable assembly includes: a cable connected to the external wire; and the cable connector is fixed at the end part of the cable in a vulcanization way.
In another possible design, the base includes: and one end of the metal base is provided with the supporting rod, and the other end of the metal base is fixed with the cable connector.
In another possible design, the rubber acoustically transparent layer comprises: the polyurethane rubber sleeve is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the supporting rod, the internal lead and the external lead and is used for protecting the internal structure; and the polyurethane rubber layer is positioned outside the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness of the position.
In another possible design, the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with opposite polarization directions include: the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are opposite in polarization direction, the first spherical shell is positive and negative from inside to outside, and the second spherical shell is positive and negative from inside to outside; two electrode wires of one end of external wire connect respectively the first spherical shell of piezoceramics spherical shell, second spherical shell, include: the negative electrode lead of the external lead is communicated with the first spherical shell, and the positive electrode lead is communicated with the second spherical shell and is used for realizing the series connection of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell.
In another possible design, the support bar includes: one end of the supporting rod is an arc-shaped bracket used for supporting and positioning the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the supporting rod is provided with a lead hole used for passing through an external lead.
In another possible design, the support rod is flexibly connected with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and includes: and the supporting rod is bonded with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell by using a bonding material, for example, silicon rubber, so that the supporting rod is fixed with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is ensured to be in a free vibration state.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone, which is used for manufacturing the spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone, including: a pretreatment stage, an assembly stage and a packaging stage; wherein the assembly phase comprises: connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell by using an internal lead, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to bond the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead; coating silicon rubber on an arc bracket at the top of the supporting rod, and placing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell in the arc bracket for fixation; connecting the support rod with the metal base, penetrating an external lead from a lead hole of the support rod, and penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base; vulcanizing the cable connector and the cable, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector at the end part of the cable; connecting an external lead penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base with an electrode wire of the cable; and locking the metal base and the cable connector by using a fastener.
In the embodiment of the application, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and the supporting rod are bonded by silicon rubber, so that the supporting rod and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell are fixed, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is ensured to be in a free vibration state.
In another possible design, the preprocessing stage includes: pre-assembling after machining the machined part, and testing a pre-established assembly flow of the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone; cleaning the metal base, the first spherical shell, the second spherical shell, the supporting rod, the nut and the cable connector, and cleaning structural members of different materials in different manners; after all the parts are wiped by absorbent cotton, the parts are dried at normal temperature.
In another possible design, the packaging stage includes: after the assembly is completed, the hydrophone is cured for a certain time at normal temperature, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically completed; then measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging flow after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors; and (3) placing the sensor part of the assembled hydrophone into a mould, fixing the position of the sensor part, injecting polyurethane rubber into the mould, filling the mould with the polyurethane rubber, placing the mould in an oven with a certain temperature for a certain time, and packaging to form the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone for guaranteeing the water tightness of the hydrophone, wherein the outsides of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the support rod, the inner lead and the outer lead form a polyurethane rubber sleeve, and the outsides of the metal base, the cable connector and the screw cap form a polyurethane rubber layer.
In the embodiment of the application, the polyurethane rubber structure formed after encapsulation forms an acoustic transmission layer, and plays roles of watertight, acoustic signal transmission, internal structure protection and the like.
The application provides a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone, which comprises: the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a nonporous complete shell and comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell; the support rod is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell; an internal wire for communicating the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell; and an external wire for transmitting an electrical signal. The first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are connected in series, so that the integrity of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell can be ensured, the sensitivity of the hydrophone can be effectively improved, and the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone has high sensitivity, wide frequency band, omni-directional directivity and strong bearing capacity, and can be used for detection in a deep sea (below 1000 m) environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a pretreatment stage of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an assembly stage of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a packaging stage of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the sensitivity test results of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone in an embodiment of the invention;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
Polyurethane rubber sleeve-1, piezoceramics spherical shell-2, first spherical shell-2-1, second spherical shell-2, silicone rubber-3, bracing piece-4, outside wire-5, metal base-6, nut-7, cable connector-8, cable-9, inside wire-10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being apparent that the described examples are some, but not all, of the examples of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein.
The spherical hydrophone has the advantages that the performance of the spherical hydrophone is greatly influenced by the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, most of the spherical hydrophones in China are incomplete spherical shells with open holes on the end surfaces, the effective area of the spherical shells is small, the omni-directional directivity cannot be completely met, and in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone is high in sensitivity, wide in frequency bandwidth, omni-directional in directivity and high in bearing capacity, and can be used for detecting in deep sea (below 1000 m) environments.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, where the spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone includes: polyurethane rubber sleeve 1, piezoceramics spherical shell 2, first spherical shell 2-1, second spherical shell 2-2, silicone rubber 3, bracing piece 4, outside wire 5, metal base 6, nut 7, cable connector 8, cable 9, internal wire 10. Wherein, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is arranged on the metal base through a supporting rod 4; the cable connector is fixed with the cable through vulcanization; the support rod is provided with a lead hole, and two electrode wires of an external lead 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 penetrate through the lead hole of the support rod 4 and penetrate out of the metal base 6 and are respectively connected with positive and negative leads of the cable 9; the metal base 6 and the cable 9 connector are fixed by the screw cap 7 and then are filled with polyurethane rubber to form an acoustic transmission layer, so that the effects of watertight, acoustic signal transmission, internal structure protection and the like are achieved, and the complete piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 without holes and the support rod 4 form a spherical sensor.
In one possible embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 formed by the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 is a complete spherical shell without holes, and the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are bonded together after being wired through the lead 10 inside the spherical shell. Alternatively, the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are both hemispherical structures, or one or two of them is a ball-and-socket structure less than hemispherical structures, or one or two of them is a ball-and-socket structure greater than hemispherical structures.
In a possible embodiment, one end of the supporting rod 4 is an arc bracket, and the middle part of the supporting rod is provided with a lead hole, which plays a role in supporting and positioning the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and can lead out an electrode wire. Optionally, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and the supporting rod 4 are bonded by using the silicon rubber 3, so that the supporting rod and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 are fixed, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured to be in a free vibration state. The contact position between the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 composed of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 and the support rod 4 is not limited herein.
In a possible embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is mounted on the metal base 6 through the support rod 4 and is arranged in the polyurethane rubber sleeve 1; the cable connector 8 and the cable 9 are connected and fixed in a vulcanization mode; the support rod 4 is provided with a lead hole, and two electrode wires on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 penetrate through the lead hole of the support rod and penetrate out of the metal base 6 and are respectively connected with positive and negative leads of the cable 9; the metal base 6 and the cable connector 8 are fixed by the screw cap 7 and then are filled with polyurethane rubber to form a sound transmission layer, so that the effects of watertight, sound signal transmission, internal structure protection and the like are achieved, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and the support rod 4 are bonded by the silicon rubber 3, the support rod is fixed with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, and meanwhile the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is guaranteed to be in a free vibration state.
In a possible embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 formed by the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 is a functional material and is used for receiving external sound pressure of the hydrophone, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is formed by bonding two upper and lower half spherical shells of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2, the polarization directions of the upper and lower spherical shells of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are opposite, for example, the upper spherical shell of the first spherical shell 2-1 is positive and negative from inside to outside, the lower spherical shell of the second spherical shell 2-2 is positive from inside to outside, the inner walls of the spherical shells of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are connected by an internal lead 10 and then bonded into an integral spherical shell, for example, the outer walls of the upper spherical shell of the first spherical shell 2-1 are connected with a negative lead, the outer wall of the lower spherical shell of the second spherical shell 2-2 is connected with a positive lead, so that the serial connection of the spherical shells is realized, the sensitivity of the hydrophone can be effectively improved, and the integrity of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured; the supporting rod 4 plays a role in positioning in the hydrophone manufacturing process, and is provided with a lead hole, so that positive and negative leads of the electroceramic spherical shell consisting of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are connected to the outside of the sensor through the lead hole; the cable connector 8 plays a role in hydrostatic pressure resistance, and meanwhile, the water tightness of the hydrophone is ensured. The maximum diameter of the hydrophone is phi 22mm, and the length is 90mm.
The spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of ultra-wide band, small size, high sensitivity, omni-directional directivity, low noise and the like, and can be used for underwater signal detection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes three stages, namely, an S100 pretreatment stage, an S200 assembly stage, and an S300 packaging stage.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a pretreatment stage of a spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the pretreatment stage mainly includes the following steps:
step S110, preassembling after machining of the machined part is completed, and testing an assembling flow of a pre-established spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone;
Step S120, cleaning the metal base 6, the first spherical shell 2-1, the second spherical shell 2-2, the supporting rod 4, the nut 7 and the cable connector 8, and performing different cleaning modes on structural members made of different materials;
And step S130, wiping each part with absorbent cotton, and then airing at normal temperature.
In step S110, the pre-assembly is to perform a dimension test on the component, so as to prevent the assembly failure caused by the unqualified dimension. Meanwhile, the pre-established assembly flow of the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone can be found by pre-assembly in unreasonable or wrong places, and the pre-established assembly flow is corrected and used for guiding the assembly of the formal assembly stage S120.
In steps S120 and S130, a cleaning step and a drying step, respectively, prevent dirt and water stains from adversely affecting the normal use of the hydrophone.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an assembly stage of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the assembly stage mainly includes the following steps:
Step S210, connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 by using an internal lead, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 to bond the end surfaces, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead;
step S220, coating silicon rubber 3 on an arc bracket at the top of the supporting rod 4, and placing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 in the arc bracket for fixing;
Step S230, connecting the support rod 4 with the metal base 6, penetrating the external lead 5 from the lead hole of the support rod 4 and penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base 6;
Step S240, vulcanizing the cable connector 8 and the cable 9, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector 8 at the end of the cable 9;
step S250, connecting an external lead 5 penetrating from the bottom of the metal base 6 with an electrode wire of the cable 9;
in step S260, the metal base 6 and the cable connector 8 are locked by the nut 7.
In step S210, the end surfaces of the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 are coated with epoxy resin to be bonded, and other bonding materials meeting the requirements may be used for bonding. The outer walls of the first and second spherical shells 2-1 and 2 are respectively connected with the negative and positive electrode wires of the external wire 5, and the outer walls of the first and second spherical shells 2-1 and 2 are also respectively connected with the positive and negative electrode wires of the external wire 5.
In step S220, the silicone rubber 3 is applied to the arc bracket at the top of the support rod 4, which is exemplary, and other adhesive materials that can ensure that the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is in a free vibration state may be used.
In steps S230 to S210, the direction of the in-out of the external lead 5 is exemplified, and the position of the in-out is exemplified. The vulcanization of the cable connector 8 and the cable 9 is also exemplary, and other treatments that meet the water tightness requirements may be used. The nut 7 may be replaced with other fasteners such as conventional wire clamps and the like.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a packaging stage of a method for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5, the packaging stage mainly includes the following steps:
Step S310, after the assembly is completed, the hydrophone is placed at normal temperature for curing for 24 hours, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically completed;
Step S320, measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging flow after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors;
and S330, placing the sensor part of the assembled hydrophone into a mould, fixing the position of the sensor part, injecting polyurethane rubber into the mould, filling the mould with the polyurethane rubber, placing the mould in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8-12 hours, and packaging to form the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone for ensuring the water tightness of the hydrophone, wherein the outer parts of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, the support rod 4, the inner lead 10 and the outer lead 5 form a polyurethane rubber sleeve, and the outer parts of the metal base 6, the cable connector 8 and the screw cap 7 form a polyurethane rubber layer.
In steps S310 to S330, the normal temperature curing time, the oven temperature for encapsulation, and the drying time after the completion of the assembly are exemplary, and may be adjusted according to specific use cases.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone, and belongs to the technical field of hydrophones. The spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone comprises a piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2, a support rod 4, a metal base 6, a cable connector 8, a cable 9 and a polyurethane rubber sleeve 1, wherein the spherical sensor 2 and the support rod 4 are arranged on the metal base 6 and are arranged in the polyurethane rubber sleeve 1; the cable connector 8 is vulcanized and fixed with the cable 9; the support rod 4 is provided with a lead hole, and positive and negative electrode wires of an external lead 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 formed by the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 penetrate through the lead hole of the support rod 4 and penetrate out of the metal base 6 and are respectively connected with positive and negative leads of the cable 9; the metal base 6 and the cable 9 connector are fixed by the screw cap 7 and then are filled with polyurethane rubber to form an acoustic transmission layer, so that the effects of watertight, acoustic signal transmission, internal structure protection and the like are achieved.
Fig. 6 is a graph of a sensitivity test result of a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 6, experiments were performed on the spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of the embodiment of the present invention, and the sensitivity of the spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone was measured. From the measurement results of fig. 6, the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone has flat receiving voltage sensitivity within the working bandwidth of 0-160kHz, the in-band fluctuation is less than 10dB, and the in-band average sensitivity is-205 dB.
The directivity of the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone in the embodiment of the invention is omnidirectional, and the main reasons can be as follows: first, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 formed by the first spherical shell 2-1 and the second spherical shell 2-2 in the embodiment of the invention is a complete spherical shell without holes; secondly, the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 and the supporting rod 4 are bonded by the silicone rubber 3, so that the supporting rod 4 and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 are fixed, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured to be in a free vibration state. Thereby, the whole sphere of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell 2 is ensured to be an effective part, and the directivity of the hydrophone is omni-directional.
Compared with the prior art, the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency band, omni-directional directivity and strong pressure bearing capacity, and can be used for detection in a deep sea (below 1000 m) environment.
The foregoing embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present invention, and are more fully described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments thereof, it being understood that the invention has been described above with reference to certain specific embodiments thereof, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the specific embodiments, but it is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and modifications falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone, comprising:
the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell comprises a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell with opposite polarization directions and is used for converting external sound pressure into an electric signal, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is a non-porous complete shell, so that the hydrophone has omni-directional directivity;
the internal lead is positioned in the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two ends of the internal lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for connecting the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell in series;
The external lead is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and two electrode wires of the external lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell and are used for transmitting electric signals generated by the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell;
the support rod is in flexible connection with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and is used for supporting the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell and enabling the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell to be in a free vibration state;
the support rod is arranged at one end of the base;
the cable assembly is fixedly arranged on the base, connected with the external lead and used for outputting the electric signal;
and the rubber sound transmission layer is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the inner lead, the outer lead, the supporting rod, the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness and sound transmission of the hydrophone.
2. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein said cable assembly comprises:
a cable connected to the external wire;
and the cable connector is fixed at the end part of the cable in a vulcanization way.
3. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 2, wherein said base comprises:
and one end of the metal base is provided with the supporting rod, and the other end of the metal base is fixed with the cable connector.
4. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein said rubber acoustically transparent layer comprises:
the polyurethane rubber sleeve is positioned outside the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the supporting rod, the internal lead and the external lead and is used for protecting the internal structure;
And the polyurethane rubber layer is positioned outside the base and the cable assembly and is used for ensuring the water tightness of the position.
5. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein said first spherical shell and said second spherical shell of opposite polarization directions comprise:
The first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are opposite in polarization direction, the first spherical shell is positive and negative from inside to outside, and the second spherical shell is positive and negative from inside to outside;
the two electrode wires of the external lead are respectively connected with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and the two electrode wires of the external lead comprise:
The negative electrode lead of the external lead is communicated with the first spherical shell, and the positive electrode lead is communicated with the second spherical shell and is used for realizing the series connection of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell.
6. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein said support rod comprises:
One end of the supporting rod is an arc-shaped bracket used for supporting and positioning the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the supporting rod is provided with a lead hole used for passing through the external lead.
7. The spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1, wherein the support rod is in flexible connection with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, comprising:
and the supporting rod is bonded with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell by using a bonding material, and the bonding material is silicon rubber, so that the supporting rod is fixed with the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, and the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell is ensured to be in a free vibration state.
8. A method for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone, for manufacturing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone as recited in any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
a pretreatment stage, an assembly stage and a packaging stage;
Wherein the assembly phase comprises:
Connecting the inner walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell by using an internal lead, coating epoxy resin on the end surfaces of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell to bond the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell, and respectively connecting the outer walls of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell with a negative lead and a positive lead of an external lead;
coating silicon rubber on an arc bracket at the top of the supporting rod, and placing the bonded piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell in the arc bracket for fixation;
connecting the support rod with the metal base, penetrating an external lead from a lead hole of the support rod, and penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base;
Vulcanizing the cable connector and the cable, and vulcanizing and fixing the cable connector at the end part of the cable;
Connecting an external lead penetrating out from the bottom of the metal base with an electrode wire of the cable;
And locking the metal base and the cable connector by using a fastener.
9. The method for producing a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone as recited in claim 8, wherein said preprocessing stage comprises:
Pre-assembling after machining the machined part, and testing a pre-established assembly flow of the spherical broadband sound pressure hydrophone;
cleaning the metal base, the first spherical shell, the second spherical shell, the supporting rod, the nut and the cable connector, and cleaning structural members of different materials in different manners;
After all the parts are wiped by absorbent cotton, the parts are dried at normal temperature.
10. The method of making a spherical wideband acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 8, wherein the encapsulation phase comprises:
After the assembly is completed, the hydrophone is cured for a certain time at normal temperature, and the assembly of the hydrophone is basically completed;
then measuring and recording the capacitance and impedance characteristics of the hydrophone at room temperature, and entering a packaging flow after confirming that the hydrophone is assembled without errors;
The sensor part of the assembled hydrophone is placed in a mould, the position of the sensor part is fixed, polyurethane rubber is injected into the mould, the mould is filled with polyurethane rubber, the mould is placed in an oven with a certain temperature for a certain time, the spherical wideband sound pressure hydrophone is formed by encapsulation, and the water tightness of the hydrophone is ensured, wherein the outsides of the piezoelectric ceramic spherical shell, the supporting rod, the inner lead and the outer lead form a polyurethane rubber sleeve, and the outsides of the metal base, the cable connector and the screw cap form a polyurethane rubber layer.
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