CN115448401A - Solar seawater evaporator with self-floating jellyfish-like structure, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Solar seawater evaporator with self-floating jellyfish-like structure, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000196253 Ulva prolifera Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bionic seawater desalination equipment and application, and discloses a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure, a preparation method and application. The solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is an enteromorpha integrated structure which is obtained by preparing collected enteromorpha cellulose into enteromorpha aerogel through freeze drying and then carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha aerogel. The top of the integrated structure of the enteromorpha is a carbonization layer imitating the jellyfish umbrella cover, and the lower part of the integrated structure of the enteromorpha is an uncarbonized layer imitating the jellyfish tentacle. The photothermal material provided by the invention is composed of the enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface, the weight is ultra-light, and a plurality of gaps exist in the aerogel, so that a channel is provided for the overflow of water vapor. The electric heating plate is used for carrying out heat treatment on the surface of the aerogel, so that the absorption of the surface of the aerogel to light is enhanced, meanwhile, the hydrophobicity of the surface of the aerogel is increased through carbonization treatment, the stability of the aerogel in water is enhanced, the self-floating state is realized, and the full utilization of the photo-thermal material to heat is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to bionics seawater desalination equipment and an application domain, and particularly relates to a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure, a preparation method and an application.
Background
With the rapid development of society and the rapid increase of population, the daily consumption of water resources is increasing. Therefore, the development of the seawater desalination technology is very important, and the traditional seawater desalination technology has high energy consumption, so that a great amount of pollution is generated by consumed fossil fuel. Since sunlight is a clean, pollution-free, inexpensive and readily available natural energy source. Solar water evaporation technology based on sunlight has attracted extensive attention from researchers. A solar water evaporator (SSG) is a structure that generates heat by absorbing solar energy to evaporate. From the initial bulk evaporation water evaporation technology to the solar interface water evaporation technology widely used at present, the use rate of the SSG for solar energy is gradually increasing, and the water evaporation efficiency of fresh water is also continuously increasing. Clean fresh water can be obtained from seawater by utilizing renewable energy solar energy, and the shortage of water resources can be effectively relieved.
The existing interface solar seawater evaporator has the defects of high cost of selected photo-thermal materials, complex structure, poor stability and low practical applicability. In addition, the conventional interface solar seawater evaporator usually comprises a photothermal layer, a thermal insulation layer, water transportation and other discrete components, and in practical application, the solar seawater evaporator can be damaged by a complex water surface environment.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) The seawater evaporation equipment provided by the prior art does not utilize the principle of bionics, and the seawater evaporation efficiency is low.
(2) In the prior art, the seawater evaporation equipment has complex structure, high cost and complicated preparation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure, a preparation method and an application. The invention aims to provide an integrated self-floating jellyfish-like solar water evaporator, which provides a new possibility for a high-efficiency, stable, sustainable and environment-friendly seawater desalination technology.
The technical scheme is as follows: a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure is an enteromorpha integrated structure which is obtained by preparing enteromorpha aerogel from collected enteromorpha cellulose through freeze drying and then carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha aerogel.
The invention has the innovation point that the waste biomass enteromorpha is used as a raw material for preparing the seawater evaporator. The prepared sea water evaporator can be applied to the field of sea water desalination, can solve the problem of sea environment pollution caused by enteromorpha and reduces the capital investment for cleaning the enteromorpha on the sea.
In one embodiment, the top of the enteromorpha prolifera integrated structure is a carbonized layer imitating a jellyfish umbrella cover and used for photothermal conversion to generate steam;
the lower part of the carbonization layer is an uncarbonized layer imitating a jellyfish tentacle and used for water transportation and inhibiting the transfer of heat to water.
In one embodiment, the enteromorpha integrated structure floats on the water surface.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, and adding deionized water to wash away residual dust and redundant impurities on the surface of enteromorpha;
s2, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha into a container, freezing the container, and then freeze-drying the container to obtain enteromorpha aerogel;
s3, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the container is placed in a refrigerator to be frozen at-15 ℃ to-18 ℃ for 6h to 8h.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the container is placed in a freeze-dryer and freeze-dried at-60 ℃ to-70 ℃ for 45h to 50h.
In one embodiment, in step S3, the carbonization temperature is 200 ℃ to 350 ℃.
In one embodiment, in step S3, the carbonization time is 1min to 10min.
The invention also aims to provide solar seawater evaporation and collection equipment which is provided with the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure;
the water vapor generated by the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is converted into liquid from gas state through contact condensation of an external condenser, slides down from the periphery of the condenser and is collected.
The enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface floats in water. The carbonized part at the top is used for photo-thermal conversion, water vapor is generated, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid water through a condensing hood. The non-carbonized portion of the bottom may serve as a water transport channel and a thermal insulation layer. The whole body can stably float in water, and the enteromorpha at the bottom can be dispersed in the water to present a bionic jellyfish structure.
The condensation cover is made of one or more materials selected from a transparent acrylic plate, an organic silicon plate and a glass plate, and the preferable material is selected from the transparent acrylic plate.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the solar seawater evaporation and collection equipment in daily drinking water preparation in deep sea scientific exploration.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems to be solved by the technical scheme of the present invention are closely combined with results, data and the like in the research and development process, and how to solve the technical scheme of the present invention is deeply analyzed in detail, and some creative technical effects brought by the solution of the problems are specifically described as follows:
the invention provides an integrated self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator, which uses waste biomass enteromorpha as a raw material and solves the problems of high cost, low efficiency and unstable structure of the conventional seawater evaporator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the raw materials used by the invention are completely derived from waste biomass, and the concept of waste utilization is inherited, so that the manufacturing cost of the materials is reduced, and the environmental pollution caused by enteromorpha is relieved.
The self-floating seawater evaporator designed by the invention does not need a separate heat insulation layer and a water transportation material, and the integrated structure increases the stability of the water evaporator in the practical application process.
The non-carbonized enteromorpha aerogel layer can be used for water transportation and heat resistance, and the manufacturing cost of the seawater evaporator is further reduced.
The self-floating seawater evaporator designed by the invention has the advantages of simple whole structure, low cost, good circulation stability, capability of resisting wind waves, difficult rollover and enhanced feasibility in the practical application process.
The photothermal material provided by the invention is composed of the enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface, the weight is ultra-light, and a plurality of gaps exist in the aerogel, so that a channel is provided for the overflow of water vapor. The electric heating plate is used for carrying out heat treatment on the surface of the aerogel, so that the absorption of the surface of the aerogel to light is enhanced, meanwhile, the hydrophobicity of the surface of the aerogel is increased through carbonization treatment, the stability of the aerogel in water is enhanced, the self-floating state is realized, and the full utilization of the photo-thermal material to heat is improved.
Secondly, regarding the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of products, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are specifically described as follows:
the invention provides a self-floating solar seawater evaporator which comprises a photo-thermal material and a steam condenser. The photothermal material is prepared from waste biomass material enteromorpha, cellulose aerogel is prepared by freeze drying at first, and then the surface of the cellulose aerogel is carbonized through simple thermal contact carbonization. The treated cellulose aerogel can stably float on the water surface, and the non-carbonized cellulose at the bottom can be unfolded in the water to form a self-floating jellyfish-like structure. The carbonized surface of the cellulose aerogel mainly carries out photo-thermal conversion, absorbs sunlight, rapidly heats up, rapidly heats interface seawater, accelerates the evaporation of the seawater and obtains water vapor. The non-carbonized part may be water-transported and thermally insulated, which transport water to the carbonized layer while also suppressing heat loss vertically downward. The steam condenser is mainly used for condensing and collecting steam. The solar seawater evaporator provided by the invention realizes the concept of changing waste into valuable, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, simple preparation and high evaporation efficiency, and can be well applied to the field of seawater desalination.
Third, as an inventive supplementary proof of the claims of the present invention, there are also presented several important aspects:
the expected income and commercial value after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows: enteromorpha prolifera, a common waste biomass, can pollute the marine environment and cause anaerobic death of marine organisms. The technology of the invention can change waste into valuable, and the enteromorpha is reasonably and efficiently utilized as a raw material to prepare the seawater evaporator for seawater desalination. Not only solves the problem of seawater pollution caused by enteromorpha, but also provides a solution for the problem of water resource shortage.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the surface carbonized Enteromorpha aerogel provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a partially carbonized Enteromorpha aerogel provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 (a) is an SEM image of the top of an enteromorpha aerogel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 (b) is an SEM image of a side of an enteromorpha aerogel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of an Enteromorpha aerogel of a carbonized surface provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of water evaporation performance of a seawater evaporator according to various embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of ion concentrations in water before and after seawater desalination according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a carbonization zone; 2. an uncarbonized layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
1. Illustrative examples are illustrated:
as shown in fig. 1, the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator provided by the embodiment of the invention first prepares collected enteromorpha cellulose into enteromorpha aerogel through freeze drying, and then carbonizes the surface of the enteromorpha aerogel to obtain an integrated structure;
the top carbonized layer 1 and the bottom non-carbonized layer 2 imitate the umbrella cover and tentacle of jellyfish, respectively. The carbonization zone 1 at the top is used for light-heat conversion, generates water vapor, and the water vapor is changed into liquid from gaseous state through the contact condensation of outside condenser, and is followed condenser landing all around, and the quilt is collected.
The non-carbonized layer 2 at the bottom serves to transport water and to suppress the transfer of heat to a large amount of water.
The enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface is of an integrated structure and can stably float on the water surface in the practical application process.
As shown in fig. 2, the preparation method of the surface carbonized enteromorpha aerogel provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, weighing 1-5 g of enteromorpha cellulose, adding the enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, and adding deionized water to wash away residual dust and other impurities on the surface of the enteromorpha;
s102, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha to a plastic beaker with the diameter of 3 cm-6 cm, then putting the plastic beaker into a refrigerator to be frozen for 6 h-8 h at the temperature of-15 ℃ to-18 ℃, then putting the beaker into a freeze dryer to be freeze-dried for 45 h-50 h at the temperature of-60 ℃ to-70 ℃ to obtain enteromorpha aerogel;
s103, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel by using an electric heating plate, controlling the carbonization temperature to be 200-350 ℃, and controlling the carbonization time to be 1-10 min to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface. As shown in fig. 3.
The obtained enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface is shown in an SEM picture of the top of the enteromorpha aerogel in figure 4 (a) and an SEM picture of the side of the enteromorpha aerogel in figure 4 (b). Figure 5 SEM image of enteromorpha aerogel of carbonized surface.
In the embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is as follows:
the top of the enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface is a hydrophobic carbonized layer, and the enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface is mutually staggered and overlapped through carbonized enteromorpha cellulose, so that the enteromorpha aerogel is ensured not to be dispersed in water and can stably float in water. The carbonized layer at the surface can absorb sunlight and convert solar energy into heat, so that the temperature of interfacial water is rapidly increased to generate water vapor. The carbonization enhances the absorption of the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel to light, and the heat is concentrated on the evaporation surface under the illumination condition, thereby avoiding the integral heating of the water body and inhibiting the loss of the heat. The main component of the non-carbonized layer at the bottom is enteromorpha cellulose. The enteromorpha is a hydrophilic tubular plant, and in the seawater evaporation application process, due to the unique tubular structure and hydrophilicity, the water at the bottom can be transmitted to a carbonization zone, and the water evaporation is carried out in the carbonization zone. The enteromorpha floating in the water can not only carry out water transportation, but also inhibit the loss of heat generated by the carbonization zone along the vertical direction, and the integral structure does not need a separate heat insulation layer and a water transportation material, so that the cost of the seawater evaporator is greatly reduced, and the feasibility of the seawater evaporator in future practical application is enhanced.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1g of enteromorpha cellulose, adding the enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, and adding deionized water to wash away residual dust and other impurities on the surface of the enteromorpha;
s2, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha into a plastic beaker with the diameter of 3cm, then putting the plastic beaker into a refrigerator, freezing for 6-8 h at-15 to-18 ℃, then putting the beaker into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 45-50 h at-60 to-70 ℃ to obtain the enteromorpha aerogel with the height of 0.5 cm;
s3, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel by using an electric heating plate, controlling the carbonization temperature at 200 ℃ and the carbonization time at 1min to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface.
S4, placing the evaporator under simulated solar illumination with illumination density of 1 standard sun, recording water evaporation capacity by using an electronic balance, and measuring the water evaporation rate of the device as follows: 1.50kg/m 2 /h。
The second embodiment:
s1, weighing 3g of enteromorpha cellulose, adding the enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, and adding deionized water to wash away residual dust and other impurities on the surface of the enteromorpha;
s2, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha into a plastic beaker with the diameter of 3cm, then putting the plastic beaker into a refrigerator, freezing for 6-8 h at-15 to-18 ℃, then putting the beaker into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 45-50 h at-60 to-70 ℃ to obtain the enteromorpha aerogel with the height of 1 cm;
s3, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel by using an electric heating plate, controlling the carbonization temperature at 300 ℃ and the carbonization time at 3min to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface.
S4, get it upThe evaporator is placed under the simulated sun illumination with the illumination density of 1 standard sun, the water evaporation capacity is recorded by using an electronic balance, and the water evaporation rate of the device is measured as follows: 1.87kg/m 2 /h。
Example three:
s1, weighing 5g of enteromorpha cellulose, adding the enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, and adding deionized water to wash away residual dust and other impurities on the surface of enteromorpha;
s2, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha into a plastic beaker with the diameter of 4cm, then putting the plastic beaker into a refrigerator, freezing for 6-8 h at-15 to-18 ℃, then putting the beaker into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 45-50 h at-60 to-70 ℃ to obtain the enteromorpha aerogel with the height of 2 cm;
s3, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel by using an electric heating plate, controlling the carbonization temperature at 350 ℃ and the carbonization time at 8min to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface.
S4, placing the evaporator under simulated solar illumination with illumination density of 1 standard sun, recording water evaporation capacity by using an electronic balance, and measuring the water evaporation rate of the device as follows: 1.7kg/m 2 /h。
In the above embodiments of the present invention, fig. 6 is a graph showing the change of the water evaporation amount with time according to the different embodiments.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
2. The application example is as follows:
application example
The application example of the invention provides solar seawater evaporation and collection equipment, wherein the solar seawater evaporation and collection equipment is provided with a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure;
the water vapor generated by the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is converted into liquid from gas state through contact condensation of an external condenser, slides down from the periphery of the condenser and is collected.
The enteromorpha aerogel carbonized on the surface floats in water. The carbonization part at the top is used for light-heat conversion to generate water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid water through a condensing cover. The non-carbonized part of the bottom may serve as a water transport channel and a thermal insulation layer. The whole body can stably float in water, and the enteromorpha at the bottom can be dispersed in the water to present a bionic jellyfish structure.
The material of the condensation cover is selected from one or more of a transparent acrylic plate, an organic silicon plate and a glass plate, and the preferable material is selected from the transparent acrylic plate.
3. Evidence of the relevant effects of the examples:
experiment of the invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a partially carbonized Enteromorpha aerogel; the collected enteromorpha can be seen to be dispersed into obvious cellulose in water, and an aerogel structure with a stable structure can be formed after freeze drying. Then the enteromorpha aerogel material with the carbonized surface can be obtained through simple heat treatment.
As shown in the SEM images of the top and the side of the enteromorpha aerogel in figures 4a and 4b, the obvious situation that enteromorpha celluloses are stacked and staggered with each other can be seen from 4a, and the structure can ensure the stability of the aerogel and can not be broken down in the long-term use process. 4b, obvious gaps among enteromorpha aerogels can be seen, and the structure provides a transfer channel for water molecules and ensures that the water molecules quickly reach an evaporation surface from the bottom. Meanwhile, space is provided for the escape of steam, and the evaporation rate of water is improved.
Fig. 5 is an SEM image of the carbonized surface of the enteromorpha aerogel, and it can be seen that certain holes and defects are generated on the surface of the aerogel after carbonization. The irregular shape can improve the absorption of the material to sunlight, improve the conversion of the material to the sunlight capacity and further improve the water evaporation performance.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing water evaporation performance of the seawater evaporator in the above embodiment. It can be seen that the water evaporation rate of the seawater evaporator under the optimum condition reaches 1.87kg/m 2 The specific volume is obviously higher than that of the seawater evaporator prepared by most biomass materials.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of ion concentrations in water before and after seawater desalination according to an experimental embodiment of the present invention.
The experimental result shows that the enteromorpha aerogel with carbonized surface, which is prepared by using 3g of enteromorpha and has the carbonization temperature of 300 ℃ and the carbonization time of 3min, is 1kW/m 2 Under the standard sunlight irradiation condition, the evaporation rate of the solar seawater evaporator reaches the optimum and is 1.87kg/m 2 /h。
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is characterized in that the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is an enteromorpha integrated structure which is obtained by preparing collected enteromorpha cellulose into enteromorpha aerogel through freeze drying and then carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha aerogel.
2. The self-floating jellyfish-like structured solar seawater evaporator as recited in claim 1, wherein the top of the enteromorpha integral structure is a carbonized layer (1) imitating an umbrella cover of jellyfish for photothermal conversion and steam generation;
carbide zone (1) lower part is imitative jellyfish tentacle's not carbide zone (2) for water transportation and suppression heat are to the transmission of water.
3. The self-floating jellyfish-like structured solar seawater evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the integrated structure of enteromorpha is floating on the water surface.
4. A method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator comprises:
s1, adding enteromorpha cellulose into a beaker, adding deionized water, and washing off residual dust and redundant impurities on the surface of enteromorpha;
s2, transferring the cleaned enteromorpha into a container, freezing the container, and then freeze-drying the container to obtain enteromorpha aerogel;
s3, carbonizing the surface of the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel to obtain the enteromorpha prolifera aerogel with carbonized surface.
5. The method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator according to claim 4, wherein the container is frozen in a refrigerator at-15 to-18 ℃ for 6 to 8 hours in step S2.
6. The method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the container is placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at-60 ℃ to-70 ℃ for 45h to 50h.
7. The method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator according to claim 4, wherein the carbonization temperature in the step S3 is 200 to 350 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the self-floating jellyfish-like solar seawater evaporator according to claim 4, wherein the carbonization time is 1-10 min in the step S3.
9. A solar seawater evaporation and collection device is characterized in that the solar seawater evaporation and collection device is provided with a solar seawater evaporator with a self-floating jellyfish-like structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
the water vapor generated by the solar seawater evaporator with the self-floating jellyfish-like structure is converted into liquid from gas state through contact condensation of an external condenser, slides down from the periphery of the condenser and is collected.
10. Use of the solar seawater evaporation and collection device of claim 9 in the preparation of drinking water for daily use in deep sea scientific exploration.
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| CN116040724A (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-05-02 | 武汉大学 | Bionic temperature self-sensing solar evaporator |
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