CN111268754B - Solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system - Google Patents
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- CN111268754B CN111268754B CN202010078643.3A CN202010078643A CN111268754B CN 111268754 B CN111268754 B CN 111268754B CN 202010078643 A CN202010078643 A CN 202010078643A CN 111268754 B CN111268754 B CN 111268754B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system which comprises a light-gathering film, a solar photo-thermal film, a salt difference power generation module and a collection and storage device, wherein the solar photo-thermal film evaporates seawater so as to enable solutions on two sides of an ion permeable film of the salt difference power generation module to generate a concentration difference, the salt difference power generation module generates power by utilizing the concentration difference generated in the evaporation process, electric energy is fed back to the solar photo-thermal film in situ in a joule heating manner, the evaporation temperature of the solar photo-thermal film is increased, and the evaporation efficiency of the process is further improved; the storage device is used for collecting steam or condensed water generated by solar evaporation. Compared with the prior art, the solar energy heat conversion and utilization efficiency can be obviously enhanced by the solar energy evaporation coupling salt difference power generation technology, and the solar energy heat conversion and utilization efficiency can be expected to be applied to the fields of seawater desalination, waste heat utilization, renewable energy power generation and the like in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of renewable energy sources, and particularly relates to a solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system.
Background
With the development of economic science and technology in the world and the progress of human society, the contradiction between energy and environment is increasingly excited, and governments make a renewable energy strategic plan worldwide to deal with the problem of fossil fuel exhaustion which may appear in the future. Solar energy is a novel energy source, and has important application in many fields due to the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, large total resource amount, easy acquisition, wide distribution range and the like. However, the solar energy is not fully utilized so far, and the defects of difficult storage, low utilization efficiency and the like still exist. Therefore, how to fully utilize solar energy to maximize its efficiency is a serious issue in the current methods for solving energy problems. There are many forms of solar energy utilization, and currently, there are three types of international mainstream solar energy utilization: photothermal conversion, photoelectric conversion, and photochemical conversion.
Desalination of sea water by evaporating water is an important way to solve the shortage of fresh water, and is also one of the important applications of solar photo-thermal conversion, which enables the mass production of fresh water and various salts. The solar photo-thermal film has good heat absorption effect and is commonly used as a material for solar water evaporation and water-salt separation. However, after water is evaporated, the solar photo-thermal film may be blocked due to too high salt concentration to affect further evaporation, and the efficiency of solar heating water is low only by means of solar photo-thermal film absorption, so that actual requirements cannot be met, which are important factors restricting solar application.
The invention relates to a seawater desalination device, which is characterized in that seawater evaporation is carried out by utilizing solar energy to separate fresh water from salt, which is one of important applications in the field of solar energy utilization. The internal circulation gain complementation of the system is realized through the coupling effect of solar photo-thermal conversion driving and salt difference power generation, and the aims of improving the photo-thermal conversion efficiency and effectively utilizing resources are fulfilled. The steam and the condensed salt generated by the photo-thermal evaporation water can be collected, and the evaporation system has wide application prospect in a plurality of fields such as sea water desalination, salt production and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an interface evaporation system for coupling and increasing efficiency by utilizing solar energy to drive photo-thermal-salt difference power generation, which takes solar energy as a main driving force and is assisted by a salt difference power generation technology, so that the working efficiency of the whole system is improved to the greatest extent under the condition of not introducing external energy input, and the full utilization of green energy is realized.
An interface evaporation system for solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergy comprises a light-gathering film, a solar photo-thermal film, a salt difference power generation module and a collection and storage device; the light-gathering film is used for gathering sunlight; the solar photo-thermal film is used for absorbing heat in sunlight to heat the solution; the salt difference power generation module generates electric energy by using concentration difference generated by heating solution and feeds back joule to heat the solar photo-thermal membrane in situ; the collecting and storing device is used for storing liquid water after evaporation.
Further, the solar photo-thermal film is prepared by using a black nano material.
Further, the salt difference power generation module comprises an ion permeable membrane, an electric heating piece, a lead and an electrode.
Furthermore, the solutions on the two sides of the ion permeable membrane have different concentrations due to the evaporation of water, concentration difference is generated under the action of the ion permeable membrane, the electrodes, the concentrated solution and the dilute solution which are positioned on the two sides of the ion permeable membrane form a primary battery, salt difference power generation is performed by utilizing the concentration difference between the concentrated solution and the dilute solution, generated electric energy is applied to the electric heating sheet, and the electric heating sheet is subjected to electric heating conversion to become joule heat which is fed back to the solar photo-thermal membrane in situ.
Further, the electric heating sheet is arranged in the solar photo-thermal film.
Further, the vapor generated by heating the solution moves upward under natural convection conditions and is condensed by natural or mechanical condensing means.
Furthermore, a condensing system is arranged in the collecting and storing device, evaporated water vapor is rapidly condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is collected and stored.
Further, the electric heating plate is made of a large resistance material.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, a salt difference power generation technology is introduced on the basis of the traditional technology, the concentration difference generated by water evaporation is used for power generation, electric energy is fed back to the joule heating photothermal membrane in situ, the evaporation temperature of the membrane is increased, the evaporation efficiency of the process is further improved, and the internal self-circulation of the solar evaporation system is realized.
(2) The invention has simple principle, cheap and easily obtained materials, stable system and simple operation, can reduce the electric energy collecting device in the traditional technology and save the cost and the space.
(3) The solar energy photo-thermal evaporation water of the invention has high efficiency of generating water vapor, is clean and pollution-free, and has the advantage of high cost performance.
(4) The invention can be applied to the fields of seawater desalination, salt production and the like, and provides a new idea and solution for improving the capacity of the traditional water treatment technology and engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar-driven photothermal-salt difference power generation coupled synergistic interfacial evaporation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a working schematic diagram of the solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system, and the specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below by combining the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interfacial evaporation system with solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergy. The system comprises a light-gathering film, a solar photo-thermal film, a salt difference power generation module and a collection and storage device.
The upper part of the system is provided with a light-gathering film for gathering sunlight and improving the utilization efficiency of the solar energy of the whole system. When sunlight irradiates the system from the upper part, most of the sunlight can be irradiated into the system due to the action of the light-gathering film, so that the input of initial energy is increased to the maximum extent, and the incidence efficiency of effective sunlight is improved.
The solar photo-thermal film is arranged below the light-gathering film, preferably the high-blackness person, and the sunlight which enters the system is absorbed by the solar photo-thermal film. For example, the light-condensing film may be a black nanomaterial. The solar photo-thermal film is placed in seawater. The solar photo-thermal film has high blackness, can absorb almost all color light and heat radiation, and can generate high heat for heating solution (seawater) to promote water evaporation. The seawater flows into the solar photo-thermal film through capillary action.
The salt difference power generation module generates power by using the concentration difference of the solution generated in the evaporation process of the solar photo-thermal membrane, feeds back electric energy to the Joule heating solar photo-thermal membrane in situ, and improves the evaporation temperature of the membrane, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency of the process. Comprises an ion permeable membrane, an electric heating sheet, an electrode, a lead and the like. The ion permeable membrane is arranged in the solution below the solar photo-thermal membrane, allows water molecules to freely pass through, but can block the circulation of anions and cations so as to isolate the dilute solution from the concentrated solution. The electrodes are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the ion permeable membrane and are connected by a lead to form a loop. The electric heating sheet is arranged in the solar photo-thermal film and is connected with the electrode through a lead. The electric heating sheet has larger resistance, and utilizes the electric energy generated by the salt difference power generation module to heat and heat the solar photo-thermal film.
Under the heating action of the solar photo-thermal membrane, the solution is divided into a high-concentration solution and a low-concentration solution on two sides of the ion permeable membrane. Under the action of the ion permeable membrane, the solution tends to be balanced only by the free diffusion of water, and cations and anions cannot diffuse into the seawater from the concentrated solution, so that the system can automatically fill water after evaporation to maintain evaporation while keeping a certain concentration difference at two sides of the ion permeable membrane. The electrodes are respectively arranged in the concentrated solution and the dilute solution, the dilute concentrated solution forms a primary battery to generate electric energy under the action of the electrodes, and the electric energy is output and added to the electric heating sheet through the conducting wire. The electric heating sheet has larger resistance, so that electric energy can be converted into a large amount of heat energy to be reversely added to the solar photo-thermal film, and the temperature of the solar photo-thermal film is continuously increased to improve the evaporation efficiency.
A collecting and storing device (not shown in fig. 1) with a built-in condensing system capable of rapidly condensing the just evaporated water vapor into liquid water for collection and storage
The system of the invention has lighter overall weight, can float freely on the water surface without too much floating, can ensure to receive good illumination, and ensures that the water vapor directly floats to the collecting and storing device.
Na on the left side of FIG. 1+、Cl-The concentration gradient schematic diagram can visually show the concentration distribution of main ions on two sides of the ion permeable membrane, and it can be seen that the closer to the solar photo-thermal membrane, the higher the ion concentration is, and the closer to the seawater, the lower the ion concentration is, which is beneficial to the realization of the salt difference power generation.
FIG. 2 is a working principle diagram of an interface evaporation system with solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergy. Comprises sunlight, dilute solution (common seawater), concentrated solution (evaporated seawater), solar photo-thermal film, and electric heating sheet.
Solar energyWhen the light-gathering film irradiates the solar photo-thermal film soaked in the seawater, photo-thermal conversion is generated on the surface of the solar photo-thermal film, and the solar energy is converted into heat energy to heat the seawater close to one side of the solar photo-thermal film (between the ion permeable film and the solar photo-thermal film) and H in the seawater2The O molecules absorb heat and evaporate to become water vapor. The generated steam moves upwards under natural convection conditions, is condensed by natural or mechanical condensing means, and is stored.
The solutions on the two sides of the ion permeable membrane have different concentrations due to the evaporation of water, concentration difference is generated under the action of the ion permeable membrane, the seawater on one side of the ion permeable membrane close to the solar photo-thermal membrane has high ion concentration due to the evaporation of water, and the seawater becomes a concentrated solution. The ion concentration of the seawater on the other side of the ion permeable membrane is relatively low, and the seawater is a dilute solution. The electrodes positioned on two sides of the ion permeable membrane and the concentrated and diluted solution form a primary battery, the concentration difference between the concentrated solution and the diluted solution is utilized to carry out salt difference power generation, the generated electric energy is applied to the electric heating sheet, the electric heating sheet carries out electric heat conversion to become joule heat, and the joule heat is fed back to the solar photo-thermal membrane in situ, so that the evaporation effect is enhanced. Thereby realizing the purposes of improving the evaporation efficiency, effectively utilizing low-grade energy and self-driving the system under the coupling action of photo-thermal conversion and electric-thermal conversion.
In the system, light energy is converted into heat energy to evaporate water in the concentrated solution, salt difference power generation is output to the electric heating sheet, electric energy is converted into heat energy to continuously heat the solar photo-thermal film to promote evaporation of the water, maximum transpiration efficiency under the same external condition and internal self-circulation of the system are realized, and fresh water is produced at the same time. The traditional solar evaporation system rarely considers the salt difference for generating electricity or only stores the electric energy and is not applied to the solar evaporation system.
In summary, the invention provides the solar-driven photo-thermal-salt difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation membrane system, which utilizes the salt difference power generation to add the output electric energy into the solar evaporation system and convert the electric energy into heat energy, can greatly improve the solar utilization rate and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency on the original basis, and achieves the purpose of improving the steam production rate and the salt production rate under the condition of no pollution. Therefore, the system has strong scientific innovativeness and technical competitiveness, has wide industrial application prospect, and meets the requirements of novelty, creativity and practicability of patent invention requirements.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a solar energy drive light and heat-poor electricity generation coupling synergistic interface vaporization system which characterized in that: the system floats on the water surface and comprises a light-gathering film, a solar photo-thermal film, a salt difference power generation module and a collecting and storing device, wherein the light-gathering film, the solar photo-thermal film and the salt difference power generation module are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the light-gathering film is used for gathering sunlight; the solar photo-thermal film is used for absorbing heat in sunlight to heat the solution and generate water vapor; the salt difference power generation module comprises an ion permeable membrane, an electric heating piece, a lead and an electrode, wherein the electric heating piece is arranged in the solar photo-thermal membrane, the concentrations of the solutions on the upper side and the lower side of the ion permeable membrane are different due to evaporation of water, the upper side is a concentrated solution, the lower side is a dilute solution, a concentration difference is generated under the action of the ion permeable membrane, the electrode on the upper side and the lower side of the ion permeable membrane, the concentrated solution and the dilute solution form a primary cell, salt difference power generation is performed by utilizing the concentration difference between the concentrated solution and the dilute solution, the generated electric energy is applied to the electric heating piece, and the electric heating piece performs electric heating conversion to become joule heat which is fed back to the solar; the collecting and storing device is used for storing liquid water after water vapor is condensed.
2. The solar-driven photothermal-salt difference power generation coupled synergistic interfacial evaporation system of claim 1, wherein: the solar photo-thermal film is prepared by using a black nano material.
3. The solar-driven photothermal-salt difference power generation coupled synergistic interfacial evaporation system of claim 1, wherein: the steam generated by heating the solution moves upward under natural convection conditions.
4. The solar-driven photothermal-salt difference power generation coupled synergistic interfacial evaporation system of claim 1, wherein: the collecting and storing device is internally provided with a condensing system which quickly condenses the evaporated water vapor into liquid water and collects and stores the liquid water.
5. The solar-driven photothermal-salt difference power generation coupled synergistic interfacial evaporation system of claim 1, wherein: the electric heating sheet is made of a high-resistance material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112555786B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | Thermoelectric power generation device based on solar interface evaporation |
| CN112707566A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Functionalized carbon-based salt difference power generation permeable membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112978833B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-15 | 西安交通大学 | Solar-driven capillary force and temperature difference synergistic salt difference power generation system and method |
| CN113294922A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 华北电力大学 | Solar-driven photo-thermal-thermoelectric coupling synergistic interface evaporation device |
| CN113562915A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-29 | 西安交通大学 | Low-pollution water and electricity cogeneration system utilizing solar energy and operation method thereof |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| CN115159608B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-29 | 石河子大学 | Photothermal-electrothermal synergistic corrugated paper interface evaporation desalination device and preparation method thereof |
| US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
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| KR101672224B1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-03 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Desalinatation system of sea water for producing carbonate and removing carbon dioxide |
| CN109222705A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of seabeach shower bath of combination sunlight heat membrane distillation and wind-power electricity generation |
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101672224B1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-03 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Desalinatation system of sea water for producing carbonate and removing carbon dioxide |
| CN209259726U (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-08-16 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of integral system that can be generated electricity based on solar seawater desalination and salt error |
| CN109222705A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of seabeach shower bath of combination sunlight heat membrane distillation and wind-power electricity generation |
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