CN110203987A - A kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat - Google Patents
A kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN110203987A CN110203987A CN201910442719.3A CN201910442719A CN110203987A CN 110203987 A CN110203987 A CN 110203987A CN 201910442719 A CN201910442719 A CN 201910442719A CN 110203987 A CN110203987 A CN 110203987A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat, belong to field of seawater desalination, specific technical solution is as follows: a kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat, including sea water evaporator, gas-guide tube and power generator, the sea water evaporator is closed cavity, the sea water evaporator is connect by gas-guide tube with the power generator, being provided in the sea water evaporator can be in the porous material of extra large floating on water surface, the horizontal plane that seawater is injected in the sea water evaporator is lower than the connection interface of gas-guide tube and sea water evaporator, the power generator is that steam condenses power generator.The present invention utilizes the porosity characteristic of sponge, carries out moditied processing to its surface, is allowed to efficiently absorb the energy of the sun, so as to carry out efficient thermal-arrest to hydrone at the phase interface of extra large water and air, then generates vapor and realizes sea water desalination.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of seawater desalination more particularly to a kind of solar seawater desalinations recycled based on waste and old sponge
Cooperate with device for generating power by waste heat.
Background technique
It is only 2600 cubic metres that China averagely occupies water resources quantity for each person every year, is the country of a serious water shortage, adjoint
Serious seawater invasion phenomenon caused by the excessive exploitation of coastal cities and mining area to underground water, makes fresh water expediently lack problem
It is especially prominent.This not only makes the agriculture underproduction, the also serious health for affecting the mankind.Shortage of water resources is solved at present
One of effective means is desalination technology, but there is following problems for current desalination technology: the way of distillation, due to
Instrument and equipment is more demanding, energy consumption it is high and can not large scale investment use；Ion-exchange, the extremely difficult recycling of the waste liquid of generation are right
Environmental pollution is greatly and energy consumption is higher；Passive type evaporation technique, it is insufficient to the utilization rate of solar energy, to reduce generation steam
Efficiency.
2014, Hadi Ghasemi of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology et al. was prepared for the double-deck novel graphite porous material, and mentions
This floatability formula porous media efficient absorption solar energy producing steam strategy is utilized out.During traditional solar energy producing steam
Water body entirety heating method is compared, this graphite porous material makes solar energy in phase interface by the way that water is guided at phase interface
Hydrone is heated at place, avoids the loss of heat water body to the lower part, effectively improves the heating efficiency of steam.
Sponge has had the history of decades as common used material in a kind of daily life, is widely used, and dosage is huge, often
The waste material generated in year production is calculated with ten thousand tons.A large amount of sponge waste material and leftover pieces are taken as garbage disposal, these sponge quilts
The process that the Nature decomposes is very very long；And if the mode of burning is taken to handle sponge waste material, environment can also be caused
Baneful influence.China advocates economy energetically, protects environment, and as the environmental consciousness of people is constantly reinforced, Hen Duoqi
Industry has carried out reproduction and waste product utilizes, and sponge is exactly one of.At the same time, it was noted that sponge is a kind of porous material
Material has good water imbibition, can be used in clean article.
Solar energy is both non-renewable energy and renewable energy.It is resourceful, not only can freely use, but also without transporting,
To environment without any pollution.The radiation intensity of solar energy is very big, the energy being radiated on ground every second and 5,000,000 tons
The energy of coal is suitable, it is seen that it has huge potentiality.The classification of current desalination with Solar Energy is generally divided into two kinds: quilt
Dynamic formula and active, the power of passive type system is not from the Electric Traction of such as pump, hair dryer etc, nor coming from
In the additional active heat collector of such as heat collector etc, promote evaporation of seawater by itself acquisition solar energy completely.And in master
Inside dynamic formula system, some heat collecting modules are installed in addition with, the heat from power to control, from thermal-arrest to heat dissipation, in Lai Zengqiang system
Transmission and mass transport, to improve the operating temperature of device.Sufficiently develop and one kind can be created using solar energy for the mankind
New lifestyle makes society and the mankind enter the energy saving epoch for reducing pollution.So the present invention utilizes the sun
Energy desalinates evaporation of seawater, and further combined with sponge is porous etc., characteristics are transformed, and complete desalting plant.In solar energy
In desalting process, photo-thermal interfacial effect rapid evaporation seawater is made full use of, while damaging using steam raising and cooling procedure
The heat of mistake attempts the coupled electricity-generation of the temperature difference, and electric energy is able to produce while generating fresh water, forms water-electricity one
Makeup is set.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to rationally using the energy during solar energy evaporation desalination, improve sea water desalination effect
Rate recycles waste and old sponge, by the modified obtained phase interface evaporator of sponge, improves evaporation effect using phase interface evaporation technique
Rate, while waste heat being used in Condensation, the present invention provides a kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration waste heat hair
Electric installation.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat, including sea water evaporator, gas-guide tube and power generator, institute
Stating sea water evaporator is closed cavity, and the sea water evaporator is connect by gas-guide tube with the power generator, the seawater
Being provided in evaporator can be in the porous material of extra large floating on water surface, and the horizontal plane of injection seawater is low in the sea water evaporator
In the connection interface of gas-guide tube and sea water evaporator, the power generator is that steam condenses power generator.
Further, the steam condensation power generator includes closed sink and thermoelectric generation film, the thermo-electric generation
The sink is divided into cooling trough and condensate draining two parts by piece, and the gas-guide tube is connected with the condensate draining, described
The bottom of condensate draining is provided with condensation-water drain, and the bottom of the cooling trough is provided with cooling water inlet, the cooling water
The upper end of slot is provided with cooling water outlet, and the condensation-water drain, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are provided with valve, institute
Thermoelectric generation film is stated to be electrically connected by conducting wire with external electric equipment or electric energy storage device.
Further, the top plate of the sea water evaporator is the plate of transparent material.
Further, the porous material is sponge, and the surface of the sponge is provided with black material.
Further, the black material is one of dirty oil paint, black ink and black carbon nanotube or a variety of combinations.
Further, air pump is provided on the gas-guide tube.
Further, the outer surface of the side wall of the sea water evaporator is provided with thermal insulation layer.
Further, the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer is provided with reflective pad pasting.
Further, described device further includes light source, and the top of sea water evaporator is arranged in the light source.
Further, the gas-guide tube peripheral surface is provided with thermal insulation material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, using the modified preparation evaporation material of waste and old sponge: the present invention largely discards sponge from life and industry and goes out
Hair carries out moditied processing to its surface, is allowed to efficiently absorb the energy of the sun, so as in seawater using its porosity characteristic
Efficient thermal-arrest is carried out to hydrone at the phase interface of air, vapor is then generated and realizes sea water desalination, novelty is effectively
The discarded energy is utilized, turns waste into wealth.
2, it is condensed using steam waste heat and carries out thermo-electric generation: steam waste heat is cleverly utilized and generates electricity again, power generation
The water condensed out afterwards is collected again, realizes the Multi-class propagation of energy.
3, solar seawater desalination generating integration device: on the basis of traditional desalination plant, the present invention is set
Counted power generator so that realize thermo-electric generation while sea water desalination, be finally reached desalinized seawater using solar energy highly effective and
The purpose of power generation, belongs to multifunctional integrated device.
4, properties of product are analyzed: using waste and old sponge preparation evaporation material, can efficiently be utilized on the basis of cheap raw material
Solar energy desalinizes seawater, while avoiding the environmental pollution that discarded sponge generates, and has great advantage in energy-saving and emission-reduction.It is another
Aspect, apparatus structure is simple, inexpensive, convenient for promoting and product is widely used.
5, market demand analysis: coastal area serious seawater invasion phenomenon since exhaustive exploitation underground water has resulted in,
It needs to solve the problems, such as that freshwater resources deficiency, the market demand are good using desalination technology.
6, potential customers analyze: present apparatus structure is simple, low in cost, realizes the resources such as solar energy and waste and old sponge
Effective use, can be widely applied for island water, the sea water desalination of water-deficient area and the dirt in small-sized waters that army is stationed
The fields such as water process, have achieved the purpose that energy-saving and emission-reduction..
7, future prospect is analyzed: can especially develop into the one-stop system in house by the sea with large-scale industrialization promotion
System, the in this way Considerable effect of power generation and sea water desalination, the energy of our needs is obtained using the Nature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: overall structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2: sea water evaporator pictorial diagram；
Fig. 3: power generator test real object figure；
Fig. 4: the sponge color scheme of distinct methods processing；
Fig. 5: evaporation of seawater process schematic
Fig. 6: untreated sponge pictorial diagram；
Fig. 7: untreated sponge sucks in water process planing surface figure；
Fig. 8: dirty oil paint treated sponge pictorial diagram；
Fig. 9: dirty oil paint treated sponge and water droplet contact angle planing surface figure；
Figure 10: untreated sponge and dirty oil paint treated sponge floatability schematic diagram；
Figure 11: untreated sponge SEM figure；
Figure 12: dirty oil paint treated sponge SEM figure；
Figure 13: reflectivity, transmissivity, the absorptivity schematic diagram of untreated sponge；
Figure 14: reflectivity, transmissivity, the absorptivity schematic diagram of dirty oil paint treated sponge；
The sponge photo absorption performance schematic diagram that different modes are handled under Figure 15: 4 times of sunlight intensities (4sun)；
The sponge evaporation effect schematic diagram that different modes are handled under Figure 16: 4 times of sunlight intensities (4sun)；
Under Figure 17: 9 times of sunlight intensities (9sun), the sponge evaporation rate comparison diagram of dirty oil paint before and after the processing；
Figure 18: the relational graph of evaporation capacity and time under different light intensity；
Figure 19: the temperature comparisons (α=0.9) after temperature is stablized under different light intensity；
The water temperature variation diagram of different depth under Figure 20: 1 times of sunlight intensity (1sun)；
The water temperature variation diagram of different depth under Figure 21: 3 times of sunlight intensities (3sun)；
The water temperature variation diagram of different depth under Figure 22: 5 times of sunlight intensities (5sun)；
The water temperature variation diagram of different depth under Figure 23: 7 times of sunlight intensities (7sun)；
The water temperature variation diagram of different depth under Figure 24: 9 times of sunlight intensities (9sun)；
Figure 25: voltage measurements figure under different light intensity；
Figure 26: thermoelectric generation film temperature difference schematic diagram under different light intensity；
Figure 27: ion concentration comparison diagram before and after sea water desalination；
In figure: 1, sea water evaporator, 2, gas-guide tube, 3, porous material, 4, sink, 5, thermoelectric generation film, 6, air pump, 7, light
Source, 8, thermocouple, 9, multimeter, 10, data collecting instrument, 11, seawater, 41, cooling trough, 42, condensate draining.
Specific embodiment
1-27 and the present invention is described further by specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment one
A kind of solar seawater desalination collaboration device for generating power by waste heat, including sea water evaporator 1, gas-guide tube 2 and power generator,
The sea water evaporator 1 is with closed cavity, and the sea water evaporator 1 is connect by gas-guide tube 2 with the power generator,
It is provided with the porous material 3 that can be floated on seawater 11 in the sea water evaporator 1, is injected in the sea water evaporator 1
The horizontal plane of seawater 11 is lower than the connection interface of gas-guide tube 2 and sea water evaporator 1, and the power generator is steam condensation power generation dress
It sets.It is provided with sea intake and seawer outlet on the sea water evaporator 1, to supplement and discharge seawater 11.
Further, the steam condensation power generator includes closed sink 4 and thermoelectric generation film 5, the temperature difference hair
The sink 4 is divided into 42 two parts of cooling trough 41 and condensate draining, the gas-guide tube 2 and the condensate draining by electric piece 5
42 are connected, and the bottom of the condensate draining 42 is provided with condensation-water drain, and the bottom of the cooling trough 41 is provided with cooling water
Import, the upper end of the cooling trough 41 are provided with cooling water outlet, and the condensation-water drain, cooling water inlet, cooling water go out
Mouth is provided with valve, and the thermoelectric generation film 5 is electrically connected by conducting wire with external electric equipment or electric energy storage device.
Further, the top plate of the sea water evaporator 1 is the plate of transparent material.
Further, the porous material 3 is sponge, and the surface of the sponge is provided with black material.
Further, the black material is one of dirty oil paint, black ink and black carbon nanotube or a variety of combinations,
It is preferred that dirty oil paint, the sponge of upper surface paint blacking has certain hydrophobicity, can float, upper surface connects with air far from water
Face, while wide spectrum solar absorption and photothermal conversion are realized by blacking, so as at the phase interface of sponge and air pair
Hydrone is efficiently heated, and is then generated vapor and is realized that seawater 11 is desalinated.
Further, it is provided with air pump 6 on the gas-guide tube 2, steam is extracted out from sea water evaporator 1 and passes through air guide
Pipe is transported to power generator.
Further, thermal insulation layer is provided on the outside of the side wall of the sea water evaporator 1, the thermal insulation layer is heat-insulated bubble
Foam.
Further, the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer is provided with reflective pad pasting, and the reflective pad pasting is aluminium film, described reflective
The effect of pad pasting is to reduce system heat loss to reflected sunlight.
Further, described device further includes light source 7, and the top of sea water evaporator 1 is arranged in the light source 7.
Further, 2 peripheral surface of gas-guide tube is provided with thermal insulation material, it is preferred that the thermal insulation material is glass
Cotton.
The operation principle of the present invention is that:
In view of the utilizability of solar energy and the property be transformed of waste and old sponge, waste and old sponge is transformed into photo absorption performance
Good medium.As porous conveying aquaporin, vapor evaporation rate is increased by the absorption to solar energy, by the hot water of generation
Steam is used to generate electricity, and collects the fresh water condensed out, and remaining vapor can equally be condensate in wall surface of the container, be regathered, and two
The sum of part fresh water is final production fresh water amount, is made into the solar seawater desalination recycled based on waste and old sponge based on this principle and assists
Same device for generating power by waste heat.
The course of work of the present invention are as follows:
There is good absorbability to sunlight by the waste and old sponge of material modification, its surface temperature can be increased rapidly,
The porosity characteristic for utilizing sponge simultaneously, is swum in the medium on 11 face of seawater as transmission water.Due to the sunlight of absorption
It can be converted into thermal energy, sponge temperature constantly increases, and accelerates the evaporation of water surface vapor.Using air pump 6 to sea water evaporator 1
Interior vapor is aspirated, and using the steam generated in sea water evaporator 1 as heat source, the cooling water being artificially passed through is as cold
Source then constitutes the operating condition of thermo-electric generation, and the both ends that the two each leads into power generator thermoelectric generation film 5 are sent out
Electricity, while the vapor to cool down is condensed and collected, obtain fresh water.When remaining vapor encounters wall cooling Cheng Shui
It when pearl, can be flowed into condensate draining 42 along wall surface, opening condensate draining 42, which switchs, can equally obtain fresh water, two parts fresh water
The sum of be the fresh water that is finally collected into.The device manufacturing is easy, low in cost.It can be extensive using sufficient solar energy
Applied to life fresh water recycling, solve the fields such as domestic water of coastal area resident, while realizing energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Meaning of the present invention are as follows:
General sponge has water imbibition, selects aperture suitable, the moderate sponge of hole density, can use vapor deposition mode will
The materials such as carbon black deposit sun light absorbing layer to sponge to improve the performance that sponge absorbs solar radiant energy, the high specific surface of sponge
The hydrone that product is capable of high-efficiency heating absorption is allowed to evaporate.By to waste and old sponge carry out respective handling, can be used for into
11 desalination process of row solar energy sea water designs clean and effective fresh water production device, realizes clean energy resource refuse reclamation.
Solar seawater desalination process is absorbed for waste and old sponge, solar energy a part that sponge absorbs is converted into steam
Energy, another part is then to be converted into salt error energy, this two parts can be carried out recycling.
Vapor (steam) temperature is higher than the condensation of extraneous and steam and further releases energy, so as to be carried out using thermoelectric generation film
Power generation, considerable electric energy is generated by connecting thermoelectric generation film on a large scale.
Performance evaluation of the invention
1, the modification and test of sponge
In order to improve the photo absorption performance of sponge, the present invention uses carbon nanotube respectively, and black ink and paint carry out sponge
Processing (Fig. 4), and photo absorption performance and evaporation effect test (Fig. 5) have been carried out under 4sun (4 times of sunlights) light intensity.At three kinds
In processing mode, carbon nanotube processing there is a problem of combining loosely and blackness is inadequate, and extinction efficiency is minimum.Although black ink
Blackness is enough, but binding force is too weak, can generate pollution to water quality.And carbon nanotube and tusche water process can not change sponge
Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, sponge can sink because largely absorbing water.In the sponge experiment handled using dirty oil paint, good effect has been obtained
Fruit, existing good photo absorption performance and firm cohesive force, can also form hydrophobic layer improves floating capacity (Fig. 6-of sponge
10) good effect, has been reached, has been a kind of processing method that effect is best in current used method.Figure 11-12 is respectively
The untreated and modified sponge scanning electron microscope diagram (SEM) of dirty oil paint.
The variation of Figure 13 and 14 is respectively untreated and dirty oil paint is modified sponge reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity, by
Modified sponge absorptivity known to figure has great promotion, and transmissivity and reflectivity decline there has also been more apparent,
I.e. dirty oil paint modified sponge reaches the expected requirement of the present invention.Later under 4 times of sunlight (4sun) light intensity, respectively to three kinds of seas
Silk floss carries out photo absorption performance and evaporation effect test, and measurement evaporation capacity and water temperature change, and has obtained the result such as Figure 15 and 16.In reality
It tests in result as can be seen that the variation of water temperature is almost the same, carbon nanotube in the sponge experiment of paint and ink processing
The water temperature that the sponge experiment of reason measures is lower；And in the curve of evaporation capacity, it is apparent that the sponge of paint processing exists
It is greater than other two kinds in evaporation rate.The reason of analyzing experimental result, causing this difference is carbon nanotube processing
Sponge blackness is significantly lower than other two kinds of processing modes, so the absorbability to sunlight is relatively low.And existing for ink processing
Greatest problem is that the combination of ink and sponge is not secured enough, and especially under experimental conditions, temperature is higher, it is easy to fall off
Color pollutes water quality.Therefore, select paint processing as processing scheme of the invention.
2, evaporation effect is tested
The present invention has carried out detailed test to the light thermal property of sponge after the processing of dirty oil paint.First in 9sun progress and not
The blank control experiment for handling sponge, measures the evaporation capacity of 30min, has obtained the result such as Figure 17.
It can be clearly seen that treated that sponge compares untreated sponge, photo absorption performance by dirty oil paint in figure
Have and is obviously improved.We test the evaporation effect of dirty oil paint treated sponge under different light intensity later,
Selection light intensity is respectively 1sun, 3sun, 5sun, and 7sun, 9sun experimental period is 1h, and infrared thermal imagery is used in off-test
Instrument carries out temperature measurement.As seen from Figure 18, it can achieve 7kg/ (m when light intensity is 9sun2H) evaporation efficiency, and
And also have preferable experimental data in the experiment of 5sun and 7sun, it is also provided for the design of the middle- scale device in later period certain
Thinking --- design condenser system improves intensity of illumination.Figure 19 gives dirty oil paint under different illumination intensity treated sponge table
Face temperature profile, temperature test are completed by thermal infrared imager.It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of intensity of illumination, it is black
The temperature of paint treated sponge surface can be gradually increased.When intensity of illumination is 1 times of sun light intensity, sponge surface is most
Big temperature is about 61.23 DEG C；When intensity of illumination is 3 times of sun light intensity, sponge surface maximum temperature is about 64.60 DEG C；
When intensity of illumination is 5 times of sun light intensity, sponge surface maximum temperature is about 79.73 DEG C；When intensity of illumination is 7 times of sun
When light intensity, sponge surface maximum temperature is about 101.93 DEG C；When intensity of illumination is 9 times of sun light intensity, sponge table
Face maximum temperature is about 106.18 DEG C.This is because being incident on the sunlight heat current density of sponge surface with the increase of light intensity
Increase, the heating power of sponge is increased, therefore lead to being gradually increased for sponge surface temperature.The increase of sponge surface temperature has
Conducive to the rapid evaporation of interface moisture, accelerate 11 desalination process of seawater.
Meanwhile in this experiment we using thermocouple 8 monitor different depth at water temperature variation, can sort out as
Data shown in Figure 20-24 can substantially find out that the sponge vapo(u)rization system of this floatation type is only in 2cm under sponge from figure
Water have apparent heating effect, unobvious to deeper water heating effect, this illustrates one of the advantage of floatation type vapo(u)rization system
It is that heat can be concentrated on to shallower region, there is higher efficiency.The depth of water design of this design middle- scale device for after simultaneously
Provide important evidence.
Natural lighting environment is simulated using solar simulator, is carried out too using modified sponge mentioned above evaporation material
Positive energy water evaporation experimental study.The intensity of its simulated solar irradiation can by electric current, optical filter and light source to the water surface distance into
Row is adjusted.Then solar energy is absorbed using the modified sponge evaporation material of preparation and be converted into the thermal energy of water, make sea water evaporator 1
In seawater 11 constantly evaporate, then test the quality amount of changing over time of water by precision balance, pass through computer progress data
Record, to pass through the evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency of analyzing and calculate available seawater under experimental conditions.
By the analysis to experimental result it is found that carrying out solar energy sea water evaporation using dirty oil paint modified sponge evaporation material
Evaporation rate and evaporation capacity be obviously improved compared to untreated sponge, as shown in figure 17.Dirty oil paint modified sponge evaporates material
Material has evaporated 2.93kg/m in 9sun30min2Water, about untreated sponge evaporation capacity 0.79kg/m24 times.For entirely steaming
For hair process, the evaporation rate of seawater, the i.e. evaporation speed of seawater is as the time gradually increases, but after 30min
Gradually tend towards stability.Illustrate that the evaporation material under experimental conditions, being prepared will make evaporation of seawater after undergoing 30min
Rate tends towards stability.Know that final evaporation rate (1sun) is about 0.78kgm by calculating by Figure 18-2·h-1。
Under the conditions of solar energy sea water evaporation experiment, the evaporation rate of seawater reach after 30min one it is metastable
State can change over time the steady state evaporation efficiency that slope of a curve calculates water by evaporative mass at this time.By to system
Entirety accounts for, then experimental principle and specific experimental facilities, and steady state evaporation efficiency therein can be under
Formula is calculated:In formula: η indicates steady state evaporation efficiency；Indicate evaporative mass flow, kg/ (m2·h)；hfs
Indicate the latent heat of vaporization of water, a normal atmosphere pressure is 2.257MJ/kg；QsIndicate unit solar radiant energy metric density, A generation
List position extinction area takes 1 times of sun light intensity, 1kW/m under the experiment condition2；A indicates unit extinction area, 1m2.Dirty oil paint changes
Property sponge stablize when unit area evaporative mass flow be 0.78kg/ (m2H), calculating steady state evaporation efficiency is
49.02%.
3, power generation produces water experiment
In order to which generating function is added, the present invention devises device as shown in Figure 1.Device is mainly by light source 7, evaporation of seawater
Device 1 and power generator composition.Power generation test device as shown in figure 3, by the centre of an acrylic capsule with thermoelectric generation film 5 every
It opens, with silicone grease and glue sealing.One section is passed through cold source of the cooling water as thermoelectric generation film 5, and the other end is passed through from evaporator
The steam of introducing has thus createed the operating condition of thermoelectric generation film 5 as heat source, and realize steam condensation and
It collects.
The voltage data that data collecting instrument 10 measures thermoelectric generation film 5 is connected, multimeter 9 measures the electricity of thermoelectric generation film 5
Flow data, and with thermocouple 8 measure 5 two sides of thermoelectric generation film temperature, the curve of voltage and the temperature difference is made, to test the dress
The generating effect set has obtained the result such as Figure 25 and Figure 26.As seen from Figure 25, the device of the invention is greater than in light intensity
There can be relatively good generating effect when 5sun, can achieve the voltage of 0.19V when light intensity is 9sun, it is envisaged that more
Preferable generating effect can be easily reached after power generation sheet series connection.5 performance map of thermoelectric generation film is compared in conjunction with Figure 26 it is found that at this
Thermoelectric generation film 5 is working properly in device.
4, performance test analysis
Select the outdoor experiment of sunlight progress in preferable one day.Air pump 6 is opened, device is preheated 30 minutes, is in device
After steady-working state.Connect gas-guide tube 2, it can be seen that water droplet constantly enters condensate draining 42.After prolonged exposure 1 hour, close
Power supply 7 is closed, the fresh water in condensate draining 42 is poured into graduated cylinder and is measured, finally obtains the water yield of the device in 1 hour.
It is tested by test of many times, which can produce fresh water 20.2mL in 1h.Wherein effective area of shining light
0.0552m2.According to the evaporation rate 0.78kgm of evaporation material-2·h-1, can theoretically be produced per hour under this light-receiving area
The fresh water of raw 43.1mL, therefore the fresh water generation efficiency of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus that the present invention designs is 47.0%.If passing through
Increase light-receiving area is 1m2, then practical water yield is about 366g per hour.It was calculated, then can be produced daily with day light application time 9 hours
Water quality is 3.3kg.Figure 27 is the comparison of ion concentration before and after sea water desalination, Na in obtained fresh water+Concentration is former seawater
In an a ten thousandth.Each ion concentration is below the regulation of the World Health Organization after desalination, it was demonstrated that device is successfully desalinated
Seawater.
5, Economic and Efficiency Analysis
The evaporation material made using waste and old sponge, it is low in cost, steaming is effectively raised while reducing pollution
Send out rate.Table 1 list several existing sea water desalination modes with the present invention in cost compared in terms of efficiency.It is found that this
The solar seawater desalination recycled based on waste and old sponge that project proposes cooperates with the working efficiency of device for generating power by waste heat higher, at
This is relatively low, and energy conservation and environmental protection, has preferable economic benefit, can be realized the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
1 yield of table is 2.7m3The Cost comparisons of several sea water desalination modes when/d
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solar seawater desalination cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: including sea water evaporator (1), gas-guide tube
(2) and power generator, the sea water evaporator (1) is closed cavity, the sea water evaporator (1) by gas-guide tube (2) with
The power generator connection, the sea water evaporator (1) is interior to be provided with the porous material (3) that can be floated on seawater (11),
The horizontal plane of injection seawater (11) connects lower than gas-guide tube (2) and the connection of sea water evaporator (1) in the sea water evaporator (1)
Mouthful, the power generator is that steam condenses power generator.
2. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: the steaming
Vapour condensation power generator includes closed sink (4) and thermoelectric generation film (5), and the thermoelectric generation film (5) is by the sink (4)
It is divided into cooling trough (41) and condensate draining (42) two parts, the gas-guide tube (2) is connected with the condensate draining (42), institute
The bottom for stating condensate draining (42) is provided with condensation-water drain, and the bottom of the cooling trough (41) is provided with cooling water inlet,
The upper end of the cooling trough (41) is provided with cooling water outlet, and the condensation-water drain, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are equal
It is provided with valve, the thermoelectric generation film (5) is electrically connected by conducting wire with external electric equipment or electric energy storage device.
3. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: the sea
The top plate of water evaporimeter (1) is the plate of transparent material.
4. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: described more
Porous materials (3) are sponge, and the surface of the sponge is provided with black material.
5. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 4 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: described black
Color material is one of dirty oil paint, black ink and black carbon nanotube or a variety of combinations.
6. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: described to lead
Air pump (6) are provided on tracheae (2).
7. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: the sea
The outer surface of the side wall of water evaporimeter (1) is provided with thermal insulation layer.
8. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 7 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: it is described every
The outer surface of thermosphere is provided with reflective pad pasting.
9. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: the dress
Setting further includes light source (7), top of light source (7) setting in sea water evaporator (1).
10. a kind of solar seawater desalination according to claim 1 cooperates with device for generating power by waste heat, it is characterised in that: described
Gas-guide tube (2) peripheral surface is provided with thermal insulation material.
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| CN113697883A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Solar seawater desalination device based on heat collection and storage integration |
| CN116087261A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-05-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Foam heat-resistant stability evaluation device and method |
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