CN109575886A - A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf - Google Patents
A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN109575886A CN109575886A CN201811579258.6A CN201811579258A CN109575886A CN 109575886 A CN109575886 A CN 109575886A CN 201811579258 A CN201811579258 A CN 201811579258A CN 109575886 A CN109575886 A CN 109575886A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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Abstract
A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf, belongs to solar energy optical-thermal conversion material preparation technical field.It include: 1) to take fresh lotus leaf blade, cleaning is dried；2) treated that lotus leaf blade freezes in the case where 24 DEG C of 18~﹣ of ﹣ 12 by upper step~for 24 hours, obtain frozen samples A；3) frozen samples A is put into vacuum freezing drying oven, dry 48~72h, obtains dry sample B under conditions of vacuum degree is 6~10Pa, temperature is 50 DEG C of 30~﹣ of ﹣；4) by sample B nitrogen atmosphere, temperature be 500~700 DEG C under the conditions of be carbonized 4~6h, obtain carbonization lotus leaf.The present invention is based on the methods that lotus leaf prepares optical-thermal conversion material, have many advantages, such as low preparation cost, reproducible, simple process and can realize large-scale production, and obtained carbonization lotus leaf has hydrophily, transmission aquaporin, absorbs the performances such as photo-thermal is strong, can be applied to solar energy water evaporation field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar energy optical-thermal conversion material preparation technical fields, and in particular to one kind prepares photo-thermal based on lotus leaf
The method of transition material, and it is applied to novel steam generator.
Background technique
With the continuous progress of science and technology, environmental pollution and energy shortage problem become increasingly conspicuous, and research and develop novel green
Environment-friendly materials obtain required resource, are the important channels for solving environment and energy problem.It is well known that sunlight is in the world
Most sufficient resource, however, it would be possible to meet global energy requirements, such as solar steam power generation and solar energy water evaporation.The sun
Energy water evaporation technology is proved to be a kind of up-and-coming pure water technology and using renewable energy abundant, and is recognized
Highly to facilitate to carry out Water warfare using sustainable energy.Seawater is current maximum water resource library, but cannot directly be drunk
Or it utilizes.Currently, desalination technology mainly includes multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis technology.Multi-stage flash evaporation technology utilizes multiple flash distillations
Room series connection, so that room pressure reduces step by step, seawater cools down step by step, continuous output desalination water；But its construction investment is high, is anti-
2 times of osmosis, power consumption is big, and the operating flexibility of equipment is small, is the 80%~110% of design value, is not suitable for making water
It is required that variable occasion.Reverse osmosis technology by seawater after high-pressure pump is pressurized, into film desalter, the intermediate fresh water production of output
Product enter reprocessing facility, are refined into finished product fresh water, but the service life of reverse osmosis membrane is shorter, and is easily contaminated.This
A little methods realize industrial applications in many areas, but it heavy dependence and will consume a large amount of fuel or electric power,
Seriously limit the popularization and application of solar seawater desalination.It is estimated that producing 100000m daily3Desalination water, it is annual to need to disappear
1,300,000 tons of crude oil of consumption, caused therefrom is that the environmental problems such as greenhouse effects, the air pollution of the earth and fossil energy are exhausted
Problem.In addition, for the Island without reliable energy supply, water supply is more important.
Therefore, if sea water desalination can be can be carried out using the sun, and the biomaterial being easy to get in life is used for
Solar energy hot-cast socket, it will substantially reduce cost and Rapid Popularization is applied to sea water desalination etc..Lotus leaf is distributed widely in
All over the world, it largely can quickly breed, and large area covers the water surface；Meanwhile blade surface covers micron-sized mound shape structure
With the hairy structure of nanoscale, the hydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface is caused.Up to the present, lotus leaf is not had also to be applied to water evaporation
Any report.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose that a kind of lotus leaf that is based on prepares photothermal conversion material for defect existing for background technique
The method of material, and the application of obtained optical-thermal conversion material in steam generator.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1 takes fresh lotus leaf blade, is then placed into deionized water and is cleaned by ultrasonic, naturally dry；
The lotus leaf blade that step 1 is cleaned after drying is put into freezer compartment of refrigerator by step 2, is freezed in the case where 24 DEG C of 18~﹣ of ﹣
12~for 24 hours, obtain frozen samples A；
The frozen samples A that step 2 obtains is put into vacuum freezing drying oven by step 3, is 6~10Pa, temperature in vacuum degree
Degree dry 48~72h under conditions of being 50 DEG C of 30~﹣ of ﹣, obtains dry sample B；
The sample B that step 3 obtains is placed in tube furnace by step 4, in nitrogen atmosphere, the item that temperature is 500~700 DEG C
Be carbonized 4~6h under part, makes its carbonization, obtains the carbonization lotus leaf of black, the as described optical-thermal conversion material.
Currently, it is by snoot reflected parallel sunlight that solar energy water steam, which generates equipment, convex lens gathers sunlight
Coke is filled to heating, make heating fill in low-boiling point liquid reach fluidized state, and then generate vapor, to equipment requirement compared with
It is high.Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of novel steam generator, including being sequentially located at thermal insulation layer on water, supplying
Water layer and photothermal transformation layer, wherein the photothermal transformation layer of top layer effectively absorbs light and converts light into as heat, it is intermediate for water layer into
The transmission and storage of row water, the thermal insulation layer of bottom usually have lower thermal coefficient, can effectively reduce the heat loss of water, in turn
Improve the whole efficiency of solar steam power generation, which is characterized in that the photothermal transformation layer was prepared using the above method
Be carbonized lotus leaf.
Further, described can be for filter paper, dust-free paper etc. for water layer；The thermal insulation layer can for polystyrene foam,
Polyurethane foam, polyethylene foams etc..
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
1, the present invention provides a kind of methods for preparing optical-thermal conversion material based on lotus leaf, using vacuum freeze drying skill
Art has many advantages, such as low preparation cost, reproducible, simple process and can realize large-scale production.
2, the carbonization lotus leaf that the method for the present invention obtains has hydrophily, is conducive to the transmission of water and the evolution of steam, simultaneously
Black lotus leaf after carbonization can also increase the absorption to light, have hydrophily, transmission aquaporin, absorb the performances such as photo-thermal is strong,
It can be applied to solar energy water evaporation field.
3, the carbonization lotus leaf that the method for the present invention obtains can be used as optical-thermal conversion material applied to novel steam generator
In, the excellent physical and chemical performance of the lotus leaf that is carbonized and the steam generator with three-decker are organically combined,
The lotus leaf that is carbonized has hydrophily, water transmission channel and stronger optical absorption intensity, and being applied to can be into steam generator
One step improve solar energy water evaporate transfer efficiency, reduce cost, sea water desalination, hot-cast socket and in terms of have
Broad application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the contact angle test figure of new new lotus leaf, dry lotus leaf and the lotus leaf that is carbonized；
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of dry lotus leaf and the lotus leaf that is carbonized；Wherein, (a), (b) and (c) is the SEM of dry lotus leaf；(d),
(e) and (f) be carbonized lotus leaf SEM scheme；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram (a) of new new lotus leaf and the lotus leaf that is carbonized, and new new lotus leaf, dry lotus leaf and the lotus leaf that is carbonized
Raman test curve (b)；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of steam generator that embodiment obtains, and while having Non-carbonized lotus leaf carries out illumination
Temperature and weight changing curve；Wherein, (a) is the steam generator schematic diagram that embodiment obtains, (b) for with/without carbonization
When lotus leaf, the steam generator that embodiment obtains surface temperature versus time curve under light illumination, (c) for with/without
Be carbonized lotus leaf when, the weight versus time curve of the steam generator that embodiment obtains water under light illumination.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, the lotus leaf blade for taking certain quantity of fresh, are then placed into deionized water and are cleaned by ultrasonic, and the time is
10~20min, supersonic frequency are 50~60Hz；After the completion of ultrasound, naturally dry, and choose the uniform lotus of surfacing, shape
Leaf blade is stand-by, the lotus leaf blade of selection with a thickness of 0.5~1mm, diameter is 2~4cm；
Step 1 is chosen stand-by lotus leaf blade and is put into freezer compartment of refrigerator by step 2, freezes 12 in the case where 24 DEG C of 18~﹣ of ﹣
~for 24 hours, obtain frozen samples A；
The frozen samples A that step 2 obtains is put into vacuum freezing drying oven by step 3, is 6~10Pa, temperature in vacuum degree
Degree dry 48~72h under conditions of being 50 DEG C of 30~﹣ of ﹣, obtains dry sample B；
The sample B that step 3 obtains is placed in tube furnace by step 4, in a nitrogen atmosphere with the heating speed of 2~4 DEG C/min
Rate is warming up to 500~700 DEG C, and 4~6h is kept the temperature at 500~700 DEG C, makes its carbonization, obtains the carbonization lotus leaf of black, as
The optical-thermal conversion material.
Carbonization lotus leaf obtained by the above method can be used as optical-thermal conversion material and be applied in steam generator, the water
The top layer of steam generator is photothermal transformation layer, and the absorption and conversion of light are carried out using carbonization lotus leaf, and middle layer is to adopt for water layer
The transmission and storage of water are carried out with materials such as filter paper, bottom is thermal insulation layer, is supported and is thermally isolated using realizations such as foams, and then subtracted
Few heat loss under illumination condition.
Embodiment
A method of optical-thermal conversion material is prepared based on lotus leaf, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, the lotus leaf blade for taking certain quantity of fresh, are then placed into deionized water and are cleaned by ultrasonic, and the time is
15min, supersonic frequency 50Hz；After the completion of ultrasound, naturally dry, and choose the uniform lotus leaf blade of surfacing, shape and wait for
With, the lotus leaf blade of selection with a thickness of 0.5mm or so, diameter is 2.5cm or so；
Step 1 is chosen stand-by lotus leaf blade and is put into freezer compartment of refrigerator by step 2, freezes for 24 hours, obtains in the case where 18 DEG C of ﹣
Frozen samples A；
The frozen samples A that step 2 obtains is put into vacuum freezing drying oven by step 3, is 8Pa, temperature in vacuum degree
Dry 72h, obtains dry lotus leaf sample B under conditions of being 45 DEG C of ﹣；
The sample B that step 3 obtains is placed in tube furnace by step 4, in a nitrogen atmosphere with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min
500 DEG C are warming up to, and keeps the temperature 6h at 500 DEG C, makes its carbonization, obtains the carbonization lotus leaf of black, the as described photothermal conversion material
Material.
Fig. 1 is that embodiment step 1 chooses stand-by new new lotus leaf, the drying lotus leaf that step 3 obtains and the carbon that step 4 obtains
Change the contact angle test figure of lotus leaf；As shown in Figure 1, the contact angle size variation of new new lotus leaf and dry lotus leaf surface is little,
For hydrophobicity, and pass through after carbonization treatment, the contact angle of lotus leaf surface is reduced to 10 ° or so, becomes hydrophilic surface, this is just
Be conducive to the transmission of water and the evolution of vapor.
Fig. 2 is the SEM of the drying lotus leaf (a~c) that embodiment step 3 obtains and the carbonization lotus leaf (d~f) that step 4 obtains
Figure；As shown in Figure 2, there are micron-sized protrusions and nanoscale villiform object for the drying lotus leaf surface that embodiment step 3 obtains
Matter, lotus leaf surface micron-nanometer composite construction are the hydrophobic main causes of lotus leaf surface, and obtained after carbonization treatment
Be carbonized lotus leaf, and the nanoscale villus on surface disappears, and micron order protrusion is also deflated, volume-diminished, and surface becomes smooth, preliminary to demonstrate,prove
The main reason for bright this is its disappearance of hydrophobicity.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram (a) that embodiment step 1 chooses the carbonization lotus leaf that stand-by new new lotus leaf and step 4 obtain, with
And embodiment step 1 chooses the drawing for the carbonization lotus leaf that stand-by new new lotus leaf, the drying lotus leaf that step 3 obtains and step 4 obtain
Graceful test curve (b)；By Fig. 3 (a) it is found that new new lotus leaf and carbonization lotus leaf surface are there are a variety of chemical bonds, such as C-C, C-O,
The Raman spectrum of Fig. 3 (b) shows that no change has taken place for new new lotus leaf and dry lotus leaf surface primary chemical group, and be carbonized lotus leaf
Although chemical bond is migrated, also occur without apparent new peak, and then may determine that surface chemistry key not is its surface
Hydrophobicity is changed into hydrophilic main cause.
The carbonization lotus leaf that embodiment is obtained is applied in steam generator as optical-thermal conversion material, and the water steams
The top layer of gas generation device is photothermal transformation layer, and the absorption and conversion of light are carried out using carbonization lotus leaf, and middle layer is to use for water layer
Filter paper carries out the transmission and storage of water, and bottom is thermal insulation layer, is realized support using foam and is thermally isolated, and then reduced in illumination item
Heat loss under part.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram (a) of steam generator that embodiment obtains, and while having Non-carbonized lotus leaf carries out illumination
Temperature and weight changing curve (b~c)；As shown in Figure 4, at the same time, the vapor of carbonization lotus leaf generates dress
The speed for setting the rising of its surface temperature is much higher than (water) of no carbonization lotus leaf, and temperature is also higher, this will be advantageous to
The evaporation of water, meanwhile, there is the evaporation efficiency of the steam generator of carbonization lotus leaf to reach 3.6kg/m2, than no carbonization lotus
The steam generator (water) of leaf improves more than 2 times.
In conclusion the invention proposes a kind of method for preparing optical-thermal conversion material based on lotus leaf, and obtained light
Application of the hot-cast socket material in steam generator, preparation method is simple, at low cost, is suitble to large-scale industrial production,
And effectively increase water evaporation efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for preparing optical-thermal conversion material based on lotus leaf, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 takes fresh lotus leaf blade, cleaning, naturally dry；
Step 2, by step 1 cleaning dry after lotus leaf blade be put into freezer compartment of refrigerator, in the case where 24 DEG C of 18~﹣ of ﹣ freeze 12~
For 24 hours, frozen samples A is obtained；
The frozen samples A that step 2 obtains is put into vacuum freezing drying oven by step 3, is 6~10Pa, temperature in vacuum degree
Dry 48~72h, obtains dry sample B under conditions of being 50 DEG C of 30~﹣ of ﹣；
The sample B that step 3 obtains is placed in tube furnace by step 4, under conditions of nitrogen atmosphere, temperature are 500~700 DEG C
Be carbonized 4~6h, obtains the carbonization lotus leaf of black, the as described optical-thermal conversion material.
2. a kind of novel steam generator, including set gradually thermal insulation layer, for water layer and photothermal transformation layer, feature
It is, the carbonization lotus leaf that the photothermal transformation layer uses claim 1 the method to obtain.
3. steam generator according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it is described for water layer be filter paper or dust-free paper,
The thermal insulation layer is polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam or polyethylene foams.
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| CN111285704A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-16 | 陕西科技大学 | Cellulose source carbon-based photothermal conversion material for seawater desalination and preparation method thereof |
| CN111747747A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-09 | 重庆大学 | Preparation method, product and application of carbon-based material with bionic fractal structure based on shaddock peel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115448401A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-09 | 青岛科技大学 | Solar seawater evaporator with self-floating jellyfish-like structure, preparation method and application |
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