CN110118344B - High-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation - Google Patents

High-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110118344B
CN110118344B CN201910350121.1A CN201910350121A CN110118344B CN 110118344 B CN110118344 B CN 110118344B CN 201910350121 A CN201910350121 A CN 201910350121A CN 110118344 B CN110118344 B CN 110118344B
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steam
solar
vacuum tube
evaporation
area
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CN110118344A (en
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常超
陶鹏
徐佳乐
宋成轶
尚文
邓涛
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation, which comprises a solar vacuum tube, and a water storage area, an interface evaporation area, a steam heating area and an air outlet area which are sequentially arranged in the solar vacuum tube from bottom to top, wherein the interface evaporation area is provided with a support body positioned in the middle of the solar vacuum tube, a capillary material and an interface evaporation material which are sequentially wrapped on the outer surface of the support body and keep intervals with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube, part of the capillary material is immersed under the water level in the water storage area, and the steam heating area is internally provided with a steam heating material which is in contact with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube and is used for heating the passing steam. Compared with the prior art, the high-temperature solar steam generator has high-efficiency solar photo-thermal conversion efficiency, can generate steam with the temperature of more than 121 ℃ under low illumination intensity and normal pressure, can meet the requirements of steam sterilization, thermal cleaning and other applications, and has the advantages of high thermal response speed, simple structure, stable operation, easiness in collecting the steam and the like.

Description

High-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steam generators, and relates to a high-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation.
Background
Solar energy is increasingly concerned by experts and scholars at home and abroad as a renewable clean energy source, has the advantages of large energy capacity, cleanness, no pollution, ubiquitous property, convenience in conversion and utilization and the like, and has important significance in promoting the sustainable development of the human society. The solar photo-thermal technology is a mode for converting solar radiation energy into heat energy and providing power for other related equipment by the converted heat energy, and is the most convenient, most direct and most efficient solar energy collection and utilization mode. In many solar photo-thermal applications, the use of solar energy to generate steam plays a crucial role in industrial production. However, natural solar radiation does not provide sufficient power density to generate steam due to the large latent heat of phase change of water at 100 ℃ (2260 kJ/kg). In order to realize the generation of steam by solar energy, the current photothermal conversion technology mainly adopts a condenser, such as a lens, a parabolic trough, a heliostat and the like, and focuses sunlight to 10-1000 times through a condensing system so as to provide higher energy. However, the cost of the light condensing system is relatively high, which undoubtedly increases the cost of the solar photo-thermal system, and the light condensing system requires a complex supporting structure and a tracking system, which limits the practical application of the solar photo-thermal system. The portable solar steam generator can directly generate steam under natural illumination without an expensive condenser, and a new solution is provided for the wide application of the solar photo-thermal technology.
In recent years, solar interface evaporation technology concentrates solar photothermal conversion at a gas-liquid interface, and becomes a new way for realizing efficient photothermal conversion. Compared with the traditional body heating mode, the interface evaporation has higher response speed and higher evaporation efficiency, and can quickly generate a large amount of steam. In past developments, interfacial evaporation systems have been increasingly sophisticated and performance has been increasing. At present, research is reported to improve the performance of an interface evaporation system mainly by constructing a carbon-based photothermal conversion material with full-spectrum absorption, a plasmon light absorption material, controlling the supply of water, reducing heat loss and reducing phase-change enthalpy. The interfacial evaporation technology has been applied to the fields of solar seawater desalination, sewage treatment, underground water extraction, distillation, solar power generation and the like. In addition, there have been a number of reports on the application of efficient solar interfacial evaporation to steam sterilization. Although under one sun (1000W/m)2) The evaporation efficiency of the interface evaporation system is as high as more than 90%, but the vapor with the temperature of 100 ℃ still needs a light-gathering system because the phase change enthalpy value of water is too large. The generation of high temperature steam under low solar light remains a great challenge. In practical application, the solar light density is 1000W/m2) Only in a clear day in summer, but for a very short duration. The natural light density also fluctuates under the influence of floating clouds. Therefore, it is important to generate high-efficiency and stable high-temperature steam (more than 100 ℃) under the condition of solar illumination intensity or natural illumination with lower power densityThe significance of (1).
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a high temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-temperature solar steam generator based on the interface evaporation comprises a solar vacuum tube, and a water storage area, an interface evaporation area, a steam heating area and an air outlet area which are sequentially arranged in the solar vacuum tube from bottom to top, wherein the interface evaporation area is provided with a support body positioned in the middle of the solar vacuum tube, a capillary material and an interface evaporation material, the capillary material and the interface evaporation material are sequentially wrapped on the outer surface of the support body and keep intervals with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube, part of the capillary material is immersed below the water level in the water storage area, and a steam heating material which is in contact with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube and is used for heating passing steam is arranged in the steam heating area.
Further, the material of the support body is polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, the capillary material is a water-absorbing material selected from the group consisting of dust-free paper, cotton cloth, filter paper and carbon fiber.
Further, the interfacial evaporation material is made of a mesh material or a three-dimensional porous material, and the surface of the interfacial evaporation material is subjected to hydrophobic treatment to form a hydrophobic structure.
Further, the interface evaporation material is copper mesh, iron mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam or carbon foam.
Furthermore, the gap between the interface evaporation material and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube is 0.1-5 mm. The gap between the interface evaporation material and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube can enlarge the evaporation area and promote the generated steam to diffuse outwards. If the gap is too small, the evaporation area decreases, and the amount of steam generated decreases. If the gap is too large, it is not favorable to transfer the heat of the inner wall to the surface of the interface evaporation material, and the amount of steam generated is reduced.
Furthermore, the steam heating material is a high heat conduction porous material, and the outer peripheral surface of the steam heating material is connected with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube.
Further, the high thermal conductivity porous material is a porous copper mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam or carbon foam.
Further, the air outlet area comprises a heat insulating material for blocking the opening of the solar vacuum tube, and a steam outlet pipe penetrating through the heat insulating material.
Furthermore, the heat-insulating material is a rubber plug or a polytetrafluoroethylene plug;
the steam outlet pipe is a silicone tube, a rubber tube, a polyvinyl chloride tube or a copper tube.
In the invention, the high-temperature steam generator converts solar energy into heat energy by using the solar vacuum tube and reduces heat loss to the outside. Inside the device, the water storage area is located high temperature steam generator's bottom, and the water storage area outside scribbles the coating of breathing in, and this coating of breathing in can absorb the residual gas between the inner glass of solar vacuum tube and the outer glass, improves and keeps the vacuum degree of solar vacuum tube. Water is transported from the water storage area to the surface of the interface evaporation material under the action of the capillary material, high-efficiency interface evaporation is carried out, and a large amount of steam is generated. The interface evaporation material is positioned between the capillary material and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube to form a narrow gap so as to promote the generation and diffusion of steam. The supporting material is positioned at the center of the solar vacuum tube and used for realizing the close fit of the interface evaporation material and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube. In the steam heating zone, the porous steam heating material is used for transferring heat on the pipe wall of the solar vacuum pipe to steam, and further heating the steam into high-temperature steam, so that the requirements of steam sterilization or other related applications are met. The generated high-temperature steam is discharged through a steam outlet pipe or is connected with other equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the high-temperature solar steam generator provided by the invention adopts the solar vacuum tube as a solar photo-thermal conversion material, and utilizes the excellent heat insulation performance and low emissivity of the solar vacuum tube to reduce the convection and radiation heat loss of the device and improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiency.
(2) By changing the surface wettability of the interface evaporation material and the steam heating material and the relative length of the evaporation area, the regulation and control of the steam temperature and the evaporation efficiency are realized, and the generation of the 132 ℃ normal-pressure superheated steam under the illumination of one sun can be realized.
(3) The novel high-temperature solar steam generator provided by the invention can generate high-temperature steam with the temperature of more than 121 ℃ under natural fluctuating illumination, and can meet the requirement of high-temperature steam sterilization. The generated steam can be directly connected with the gas-using equipment through a steam outlet pipe, and the use is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure at the interface evaporation zone;
FIG. 3 shows the steam generator at 1000W/m2Generating a temperature curve of high-temperature steam under illumination;
FIG. 4 shows the steam generator at 350-700W/m2The temperature curve of the high-temperature steam generated under the fluctuating natural illumination.
The notation in the figure is:
1-water storage area, 2-interface evaporation area, 3-steam heating area, 4-water, 5-solar vacuum tube, 6-steam heating material, 7-heat insulation material, 8-steam outlet pipe, 9-interface evaporation material, 10-capillary material and 11-support body.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The invention provides a high-temperature solar steam generator based on interface evaporation, which is structurally shown in figure 1 and comprises a solar vacuum tube 5, a water storage area 1, an interface evaporation area 2, a steam heating area 3 and an air outlet area, wherein the water storage area 1, the interface evaporation area 2, the steam heating area 3 and the air outlet area are sequentially arranged in the solar vacuum tube 5 from bottom to top, the interface evaporation area 2 is provided with a support body 11 positioned in the middle of the solar vacuum tube 5, a capillary material 10 and an interface evaporation material 9, the capillary material 10 is sequentially wrapped on the outer surface of the support body 11 and keeps a gap with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube 5, the capillary material 10 is partially immersed under the water level in the water storage area 1, and a steam heating material 6 which is in contact with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube 5 and is used.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material of the supporting body 11 is polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the capillary material 10 is a water-absorbing material selected from the group consisting of dust-free paper, cotton cloth, filter paper, or carbon fiber.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the interfacial evaporation material 9 is made of a mesh material or a three-dimensional porous material, and the surface thereof is subjected to hydrophobic treatment to form a hydrophobic structure.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the interfacial evaporation material 9 is copper mesh, iron mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam, or carbon foam.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the gap between the interface evaporation material 9 and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube 5 is 0.1-2 mm. The gap between the interface evaporation material and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube can enlarge the evaporation area and promote the generated steam to diffuse outwards. If the gap is too small, the evaporation area decreases, and the amount of steam generated decreases. If the gap is too large, it is not favorable to transfer the heat of the inner wall to the surface of the interface evaporation material, and the amount of steam generated is reduced.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the steam heating material 6 is a highly heat conductive porous material, and the outer peripheral surface thereof is connected to the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube 5. Further, the high thermal conductivity porous material is a porous copper mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam or carbon foam.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the gas outlet zone comprises a thermal insulation 7 blocking the opening of the solar vacuum tube 5, and a steam outlet tube 8 passing through the thermal insulation 7. Furthermore, the heat insulating material 7 is a rubber plug or a polytetrafluoroethylene plug; the steam outlet pipe 8 is a silicone tube, a rubber tube, a polyvinyl chloride tube or a copper tube.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In a high-temperature solar steam generator as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the whole solar evaporator is sealed in a solar vacuum tube 5, and an internal water storage area 1 of the device is positioned at the bottommost part of the device and is sequentially an interface evaporation area 2 and a steam heating area 3 from top to bottom. The interface evaporation area 2 is composed of an interface evaporation material 9, a capillary material 10 and a support 11. The steam heating zone 3 is composed of steam heating material 6 contacting the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube 5. The steam outlet is sealed by a heat insulating material 7, and the generated steam is discharged through a steam outlet pipe 8.
In the embodiment, the solar vacuum tube 5 is a solar three-high tube, the inner diameter is 5.5cm, and the total length is 35 cm. The lengths of the water storage zone 1, the interface evaporation zone 2 and the steam heating zone 3 are 5cm, 7cm and 23cm, respectively. The water storage area 1 contains 100ml of water 4. The interface evaporation material 9 is a hydrophobic copper net after hydrophobic treatment, and the thickness is 0.35 mm. The capillary material 10 is made of dust-free paper and has a thickness of 0.25 mm. The support 11 is made of polyurethane and has a diameter of 5 cm. The steam heating material 6 also adopts a copper net subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment, the heat insulating material 7 adopts a rubber plug, and the steam outlet pipe 8 adopts a copper pipe with the inner diameter of 3 mm. The solar steam generator is vertically irradiated by a solar simulator, and the illumination intensity is 1000W/m2And the ambient temperature is 26 ℃, the measured steam temperature is shown in fig. 3, and therefore, the high-temperature steam generator can stably generate high-temperature steam at 132 ℃, and the evaporation efficiency is as high as 42%. As shown in FIG. 4, the natural illumination fluctuating outdoors is utilized, and the illumination intensity is 350-700W/m2Meanwhile, the high-temperature steam generator can still stably generate high-temperature steam with the temperature of more than 121 ℃. The high-temperature steam generated by the method can meet the application requirements of steam sterilization and the like, avoids using an expensive solar focusing device, and is beneficial to the wide application of the solar photo-thermal technology.
In this embodiment, the surface hydrophobic treatment process of the interface evaporation material 9 and the steam heating material 6 is specifically as follows:
first, 30 is putCutting a 0-mesh copper net into samples with the diameter of 5.5cm, soaking the samples in 4mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 15 minutes to remove stains, taking out the samples, sequentially cleaning the samples with acetone, ethanol and deionized water, and drying the samples in a drying box. The dried sample was then placed in 0.065M K2S2O8And (3) reacting the reaction solution with 2.5M KOH in a constant temperature box at 60 ℃ for 1 hour, taking out a sample, cleaning the surface with deionized water, and drying to obtain the hydrophilic copper mesh.
And then, putting the hydrophilic copper mesh into a vacuum kettle, dripping 5 microliters of fluorosilane (1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorooctoyltrichlorosilane), vacuumizing for 10 minutes, standing for 5 minutes, repeating vapor deposition for 3 to 4 times, finishing the surface fluorination treatment of the copper mesh, and finishing the preparation of the hydrophobic copper mesh.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, most parts are the same except that in the embodiment, the solar vacuum tube 5 is a solar purple gold tube, the interface evaporation material 9 is an iron net, the steam heating material 6 is porous carbon foam, and the capillary material 10 is cotton cloth.
Example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, most parts are the same except that in the embodiment, the solar vacuum tube 5 is a solar three-high tube, the interface evaporation material 9 is copper foam, the steam heating material 6 is porous carbon foam, and the capillary material 10 is cotton cloth.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the solar vacuum tube is mostly the same except that in the embodiment, the solar vacuum tube 5 is a solar three-high tube, the interface evaporation material 9 is copper foam, the steam heating material 6 is porous nickel foam, and the capillary material 10 is cellulose or carbon fiber.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 1, the solar vacuum tube is mostly the same except that in the embodiment, the solar vacuum tube 5 is a solar purple gold tube, the interface evaporation material 9 is copper foam, the steam heating material 6 is porous nickel foam, and the capillary material 10 is filter paper.
In the above embodiments, the hydrophobic treatment process of the interface evaporation material and the steam heating material can be referred to in embodiment 1. The remainder, if materials or processing techniques are not specifically mentioned, are all conventional commercial materials or conventional processing techniques in the art.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The high-temperature solar steam generator based on the interface evaporation is characterized by comprising a solar vacuum tube (5), a water storage area (1), an interface evaporation area (2), a steam heating area (3) and a gas outlet area, wherein the water storage area (1), the interface evaporation area (2), the steam heating area (3) and the gas outlet area are sequentially arranged in the solar vacuum tube (5) from bottom to top, the interface evaporation area (2) is provided with a support body (11) located in the middle of the solar vacuum tube (5), a capillary material (10) and an interface evaporation material (9) which are sequentially wrapped on the outer surface of the support body (11) and keep a gap with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube (5), the capillary material (10) is partially immersed under the water level in the water storage area (1), and a steam heating material (6) which is in contact with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube (5) and;
the steam heating material (6) is a high-heat-conductivity porous material, and the peripheral surface of the outer side of the steam heating material is connected with the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube (5);
the high-thermal-conductivity porous material is porous copper mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam or carbon foam.
2. The high-temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1, wherein the material of the support body (11) is polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene.
3. The high temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1, wherein the capillary material (10) is a water absorbing material selected from the group consisting of dust free paper, cotton cloth, filter paper or carbon fiber.
4. The high-temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1, wherein the interfacial evaporation material (9) is made of a mesh material or a three-dimensional porous material, and the surface of the interfacial evaporation material is hydrophobic-treated to form a hydrophobic structure.
5. High temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the interfacial evaporation material (9) is copper mesh, iron mesh, copper foam, stainless steel foam or carbon foam.
6. A high temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the interfacial evaporation material (9) and the inner wall of the solar vacuum tube (5) is 0.1-5 mm.
7. A high temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet zone comprises a heat insulating material (7) blocking the opening of the solar vacuum tube (5), and a steam outlet tube (8) passing through the heat insulating material (7).
8. A high temperature solar steam generator based on interfacial evaporation according to claim 7, wherein the thermal insulation material (7) is a rubber plug or a teflon plug;
the steam outlet pipe (8) is a silicone tube, a rubber tube, a polyvinyl chloride tube or a copper tube.
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CN101354196A (en) * 2007-07-27 2009-01-28 喜春野 Vacuum solar steam heat collection tube, steam heat collection plate and solar hot water air conditioner device
CN106365235A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-02-01 武汉大学 Low-temperature low-pressure solar local-thermal-process seawater desalination system
CN107178772A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-19 湖北大学 A kind of solar steam generation device of tri compound and its application

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