CN115444975B - 一种聚酯复合微球及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种聚酯复合微球及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115444975B CN115444975B CN202211115555.1A CN202211115555A CN115444975B CN 115444975 B CN115444975 B CN 115444975B CN 202211115555 A CN202211115555 A CN 202211115555A CN 115444975 B CN115444975 B CN 115444975B
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- polyethylene glycol
- polyester
- polyester composite
- composite microsphere
- silver
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Abstract
本发明提供一种聚酯复合微球及其制备方法与应用。该聚酯复合微球具有核‑壳结构,所述核为聚乙二醇和钙磷陶瓷的混合物,其中,所述聚乙二醇中包裹有纳米银;所述壳的材料包括可降解的聚酯。该聚酯复合微球具有良好的银离子、钙离子、磷离子缓释效果,离子释放周期及抑菌效果可达28天以上,抗菌效果强,并具备良好的生物相容性和生物活性,能有效促进组织的修复和重建,尤其是存在细菌感染下的骨组织修复与重建。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种聚酯复合微球及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
将抗菌性药物与载体结合的药物控释系统是有效解决骨感染难题的选择之一,药物控释系统可以在植入部位直接或间接地促进药物的延长释放,除了持续和可控的给药外,这些给药载体还可以保护活性因子和蛋白质分子免于解离或失活,提高整体生物利用度和临床疗效。与全身用药相比,局部给药降低了血浆药物浓度,从而避免了一些不良反应或一般毒性;而且靶向骨感染部位的局部给药载体通常具有一定的骨诱导活性,结合抗菌性药物和骨修复材料的局部给药系统在骨感染治疗中表现出显著的优势。
金属离子如银离子对细菌的影响是多方面的,它们通过改变正常生物膜内外的极化状态形成新的细胞内外离子浓度差,阻碍或破坏维持细胞生理功能的小分子和大分子物质的运输。一些金属离子如银离子也可以进入微生物细胞内,使大多数酶失活,发挥抗菌效能。但是,当金属离子的浓度过高时,会造成生物毒性。
因此,获得一种细胞亲和性好、同时具有抑菌和促成骨分化功能的材料,对于严重开放性骨折、骨科术后感染、急慢性骨髓炎等原因所导致的感染性骨缺损的修复重建,具有显著的意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明第一个方面提出一种聚酯复合微球,能够续释放钙、磷、银离子,达到同时抗菌和促进组织修复与重建的效果。
本发明的第二个方面提出了一种聚酯复合微球的制备方法。
本发明的第三个方面提出了一种聚酯复合微球在制备抗菌材料中的应用。
本发明的以四个方面提出了一种聚酯复合微球在制备骨修复材料中的应用。
根据本发明的第一个方面,提出了一种聚酯复合微球,具有核-壳结构,所述核为聚乙二醇和钙磷陶瓷的混合物,其中,所述聚乙二醇中包裹有纳米银;所述壳的材料包括可降解的聚酯。
在本发明中,包裹在纳米银表面的聚乙二醇可保护纳米银使其不易被氧化;聚乙二醇和可降解的聚酯可协同起到控制离子如银、钙、磷等的释放速率,达到同时抗菌和促组织再生修复的效果。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为200Da~20k Da。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述钙磷陶瓷包括但不限于羟基磷灰石、生物玻璃、磷酸八钙、磷酸三钙、磷酸四钙、磷酸氢钙、无定型磷酸钙。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述可降解的聚酯为可降解的人工合成聚酯,分子量为10k Da~100k Da。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述可降解的聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚己内酯、聚3-羟基烷酸酯、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯)、聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯中的任一种。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,所述聚乙二醇的分子量包括但不限于200Da、400Da、600Da、800Da、1000Da、2000Da、4000Da、10000Da、20000Da。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提出了第一方面所述的聚酯复合微球的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将硝酸银、葡萄糖与聚乙二醇水溶液混合,反应,干燥得包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇,将所述包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇与钙磷陶瓷共混,得到共混物;
S2:将S1所述共混物分散在含可降解的聚酯的有机溶液中,得到复合液,将所述复合液滴加到表面活性剂水溶液中,搅拌,分离,得到聚酯复合微球。
在本发明中,采用液相化学还原法,利用在表面活性剂聚乙烯醇水溶液的保护下,硝酸银在葡萄糖溶液中还原,制备包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇,并将它与钙磷陶瓷共混均匀后分散在可降解人工合成聚酯网络中,再通过乳化溶剂挥发法使之固化成复合微球。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇为球状或类球状,平均粒径为10nm~20nm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述硝酸银与所述聚乙二醇水溶液的质量体积比为1g:(100~300)mL。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述硝酸银与所述葡萄糖的质量比为5:(4~10)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述聚乙二醇水溶液的浓度为0.02g/mL~0.06g/mL。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述反应为避光、室温搅拌,时间为3h~12h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,上述搅拌的转速为300rpm~800rpm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1还包括将反应后的混合物离心,所述离心的转速为4000rpm~20000rpm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述干燥包括:取离心沉淀,蒸馏水清洗3~6次,在-80℃~-20℃冷冻干燥24h~72h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇与所述钙磷陶瓷的质量比为1:(5~20)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述共混的方式包括但不限于研磨、球磨。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S1所述共混的时间为2h~24h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S2所述共混物与可降解的聚酯的质量比为1:(5~40)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S2所述有机溶液包括但不限于二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S2所述表面活性剂包括但不限于聚乙烯醇、明胶、甲基纤维素。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,S2所述搅拌的转速为300rpm~800rpm,时间为12h~24h。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中,S2所述表面活性剂水溶液的浓度为2.5mg/L~10mg/L。
根据本发明的第三个方面,提出了一种聚酯复合微球在制备抗菌材料中的应用,所述聚酯复合微球为第一方面所述的聚酯复合微球。
根据本发明的第四个方面,提出了一种聚酯复合微球在制备骨修复材料中的应用,所述聚酯复合微球为第一方面所述的聚酯复合微球。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的聚酯复合微球,包裹在纳米银表面的聚乙二醇可保护纳米银,使其不易被氧化;聚乙二醇和可降解人工合成聚酯可起到协同控制离子如银、钙、磷等的释放速率,达到同时抗菌和促组织再生修复的效果。
(2)本发明的制备方法工艺简单,对设备的要求不高,原料均已产业化、来源易得,成本低廉,易于实现产业化。
(3)本发明的聚酯复合微球的银离子释放周期及抑菌效果可达28天以上,更适用于存在细菌感染下的组织修复与重建的应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1~5和对比例1、3制备的聚酯复合球的体外药物释放性能检测结果;
图2为本发明实施例1~5和对比例1~3制备的聚酯复合球的体外诱导前成骨细胞成骨分化性能结果。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和60mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在8mL浓度为0.05g/mL的聚乙二醇4000水溶液中,避光、室温条件下400rpm搅拌反应12h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;6000rpm离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,-60℃冷冻干燥48h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将50mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体与800mg羟基磷灰石混合研磨2h,获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于10mL含3g聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯(分子量:100k Da)的三氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置200mL含1g聚乙烯醇1799的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1799水溶液中,400rpm下持续搅拌20h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
实施例2
本实施例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和80mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在10mL浓度为0.03g/mL的聚乙二醇2000水溶液中,避光、室温条件下300rpm搅拌反应3h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;15000rpm离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,-80℃冷冻干燥60h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将50mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体与500mg无定型磷酸钙混合球磨2h,获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于20mL含1g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(分子量:30k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置300mL含1.5g聚乙烯醇1799的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1799水溶液中,300rpm下持续搅拌24h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
实施例3
本实施例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和100mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在5mL浓度为0.04g/mL的聚乙二醇400水溶液中,避光、室温条件下350rpm搅拌反应10h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;20000rpm离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,-20℃冷冻干燥24h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将50mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体与300mg生物玻璃混合研磨4h,获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于25mL含4g聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(分子量:80k Da)的四氢呋喃溶液中,得到复合液;配置600mL含3g甲基纤维素的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到甲基纤维素水溶液中,350rpm下持续搅拌18h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
实施例4
本实施例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和40mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在12mL浓度为0.02g/mL的聚乙二醇800水溶液中,避光、室温条件下800rpm搅拌反应9h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;4000rpm离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,-40℃冷冻干燥72h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将50mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体与250mg磷酸三钙混合球磨18h,获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于20mL含8g聚己内酯(分子量:10k Da)的乙酸乙酯溶液中,得到复合液;配置500mL含5g聚乙烯醇1788的水溶液中,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1788的水溶液中,800rpm下持续搅拌16h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
实施例5
本实施例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和50mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在15mL浓度为0.06g/mL的聚乙二醇1000水溶液中,避光、室温条件下600rpm搅拌反应6h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;5000rpm离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,-60℃冷冻干燥36h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将50mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体与1000mg磷酸八钙混合球磨20h,获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于15mL含5g聚乳酸(分子量:60k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置400mL含1g明胶的水溶液中,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到明胶的水溶液中,600rpm下持续搅拌12h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
对比例1
本对比例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,与实施例2的主要区别在于本对比例不使用聚乙二醇包裹纳米银,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银与500mg无定型磷酸钙混合球磨24h,获得硝酸银与无定型磷酸钙的共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于20mL含1g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(分子量:30k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置300mL含1.5g聚乙烯醇1799的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1799水溶液中,300rpm下持续搅拌24h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
对比例2
本对比例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,与实施例2的主要区别在于本对比例不使用硝酸银,具体过程为:
将200mg无定型磷酸钙球磨24h后分散于20mL含1g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(分子量:30k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中获得共混物,将200mg该共混物分散于20mL含1g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(分子量:30k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置300mL含1.5g聚乙烯醇1799的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1799水溶液中,300rpm下持续搅拌24h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
对比例3
本对比例制备了一种聚酯复合微球,与实施例2的主要区别在于本对比例不使用钙磷陶瓷,具体过程为:
将50mg硝酸银和80mg葡萄糖缓慢溶解在10mL浓度为0.03g/mL的聚乙二醇2000水溶液中,避光、室温条件下300rpm搅拌反应3h,得到纳米银/聚乙二醇溶液;离心,用蒸馏水洗涤三次,冷冻干燥60h得到包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体。将18mg包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇粉体分散于20mL含1g聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(分子量:30k Da)的二氯甲烷溶液中,得到复合液;配置300mL含1.5g聚乙烯醇1799的水溶液,然后将上述复合液缓慢滴加到聚乙烯醇1799水溶液中,300rpm下持续搅拌24h后将容器底部的复合微球分离出来,蒸馏水洗涤3次,制得所述聚酯复合微球。
试验例1
将实施例1~5和对比例1~3中制备得到的聚酯复合微球进行如下性能评价。
1.体外细胞毒性评价
取制得的聚酯复合微球,按GB/T 16886.5-2017中分级表2“浸提液细胞毒性形态学定性分级”的要求分别进行细胞毒评级,由L929小鼠成纤维细胞(丰晖生物Cat Number:CL0339)组成的哺乳动物单层细胞作为测试系统。实验结果如下表1:
表1 实施例及对比例所制得复合微球的体外细胞毒性评级
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | |
评级 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
由实施例及对比例的体外细胞毒性评级结果(表1)可知,本发明方法所制备的聚酯基微球均无细胞毒性。对比例1由于浸提液中的银离子浓度过高,导致其有细胞毒性。
2.体外银离子释放性能检测
将实施例1~5和对比例1和3中制备得到的聚酯复合微球进行体外溶质释放评价,具体步骤为:
(1)首先分别精密称取2mg上述各例中的聚酯复合微球至离心管中,分别加入PBS缓冲液至总体积为5mL,密封后,保持温度在37±1℃,100rpm下置于摇床中振摇。
(2)隔一段时间点(分别于第1,3,7,14,21,28天),停止振摇,取样,分别将取样样品(释放介质)经220nm孔径的微孔滤膜过滤,分别测定滤液中的银离子浓度,根据投入的银离子量(可根据将步骤(1)样品离心后溶液中的银离子浓度和离心后总溶液的体积,得到复合微球原始载银离子量,即本步骤中所述的投入的银离子量)及取样的体积可计算出此时银离子释放的百分比。
(3)往沉淀中加入新鲜PBS缓冲液至总体积为5mL,继续按第一步条件振摇,然后重复进行(2)、(3)步。
(4)释放总时间为28天,最后根据时间和累积释放百分比得到银离子释放曲线,结果见图1。
3.聚酯复合微球抗菌性能检测
取金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)和大肠杆菌(丰晖生物Cat Number:SC2020121502)的斜面新鲜培养物,将菌液进行活菌计数,并用稀释液(1%蛋白胨的0.03mol/L PBS(pH=7.2~7.4))配制成含菌量均为5×105~10×106CFU/mL的菌悬液。将实施例1~5和对比例1~3制备的聚酯复合微球分别放入无菌平皿中,聚酯复合微球铺至2cm×3cm面积大小,加菌悬液50μL于各皿中,并记录各皿加菌时间,于加菌后60min接种血平板,同时将样本放入5mL营养肉汤管内。将接种细菌的血平板及肉汤管放37℃培养48h,观察初步结果,在无菌生长管继续培养至第35天。若肉汤管浑浊及血平板有菌生长,记为阳性,以(+)表示;如第28天仍澄清,视为无菌生长,以(-)表示,反之则以(+)表示,结果见表2。
表2 实施例及对比例所制得聚酯复合微球的杀菌效果
由体外银离子释放性能检测结果及杀菌效果可知(图1及表2),实施例1~5都有长效的银离子释放性能及杀菌效果,实施例1与对比例1都是基于装载银离子的聚酯复合微球。其中,实施例1在制备复合微球的过程中,使用聚乙二醇预包裹纳米银,对比例1则不使用聚乙二醇。在没有聚乙二醇预包裹纳米银的情况下,聚酯复合微球中的银离子在72h内便释放出去,也达不到长效的抗菌效果。
4.体外诱导前成骨细胞成骨分化性能检测
将实施例1~5和对比例1~3制备的聚酯复合微球分别辐照灭菌后按照10mg/mL的浓度分别浸泡在DMEM基础培养基内,放入37℃摇床内120rpm浸提24h。浸提完成后分别将微球及培养基1000rpm离心后收集上清。将收集的浸提液分别用相应的DMEM培养基稀释2倍,最后添加10%胎牛血清得到完全培养基。
将MC3T3-E1细胞按照每孔1×105个的密度接种于24孔板,贴壁培养24h后分别更换完全培养基,在温度为37℃且5%二氧化碳气氛下的培养箱中培养。上述培养基每2d~3d更换一次,培养7天后,MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化性能通过其分泌的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测,采用LaboassayTMALP试剂盒,利用pNPP法进行测定,具体步骤如下:细胞用PBS溶液洗涤后,浸没于含有0.1M甘氨酸、1mM氯化镁以及0.05%曲拉通X-100的PBS溶液。待细胞溶解后,将20μL溶解液与100μL对硝基苯磷酸二钠盐(p-NPP)溶液均匀混合,将混合液置于37℃下反应15min,加入80μL的NaOH溶液终止反应。随后,将混合液滴加到96孔板,用酶标仪测定405nm波长下各孔的吸光值。总蛋白含量的测定采用Bradford蛋白检测试剂盒,采用Bradford蛋白检测试剂盒附带的BSA配制不同浓度的BSA水溶液,测定在595nm波长的吸光度值,绘制标准曲线;取细胞裂解液测定其在595nm波长的吸光度值;与标准曲线对应计算得到总蛋白含量。ALP的量除以总蛋白含量及反应时间,计算得到每种微球上细胞中实际的碱性磷酸酶含量,结果见图2。
由体外诱导前成骨细胞成骨分化性能可知(图2),实施例1~5都有较好的诱导细胞分泌碱性磷酸酶的效果,但对比例1不使用聚乙二醇预包裹银,材料浸提液中的银离子浓度较高,对细胞活性有不利的影响,因此也影响了细胞分泌碱性磷酸酶;对比例2不装载银离子,其体外诱导前成骨细胞成骨分化性能较好;对比例3由于缺少具有生物活性的钙磷陶瓷,该组细胞分泌的碱性磷酸酶也较低。
上面对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (8)
1.一种聚酯复合微球,其特征在于,所述聚酯复合微球具有核-壳结构,所述核为聚乙二醇和钙磷陶瓷的混合物,其中,所述聚乙二醇中包裹有纳米银;所述壳的材料包括可降解的聚酯;所述聚乙二醇的分子量为200Da~20k Da;所述钙磷陶瓷选自羟基磷灰石、生物玻璃、磷酸八钙、磷酸四钙、磷酸氢钙、无定型磷酸钙中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯复合微球,其特征在于,所述可降解的聚酯的分子量为10kDa~100k Da。
3.权利要求1~2任一项所述的聚酯复合微球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将硝酸银、葡萄糖与聚乙二醇水溶液混合,反应,干燥得包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇,将所述包裹纳米银的聚乙二醇与钙磷陶瓷共混,得到共混物;
S2:将S1所述共混物分散在含可降解的聚酯的有机溶液中,得到复合液,将所述复合液滴加到表面活性剂水溶液中,搅拌,分离,得到聚酯复合微球。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,S1所述硝酸银与所述聚乙二醇水溶液的质量体积比为1g:(100~300)mL。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,S1所述聚乙二醇水溶液的浓度为0.02g/mL~0.06g/mL。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,S2所述共混物与可降解的聚酯的质量比为1:(5~40)。
7.权利要求1~2任一项所述的聚酯复合微球在制备抗菌材料中的应用。
8.权利要求1~2任一项所述的聚酯复合微球在制备骨修复材料中的应用。
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