CN115443184A - 沃尔科夫空化曝气器 - Google Patents

沃尔科夫空化曝气器 Download PDF

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CN115443184A
CN115443184A CN202080099866.6A CN202080099866A CN115443184A CN 115443184 A CN115443184 A CN 115443184A CN 202080099866 A CN202080099866 A CN 202080099866A CN 115443184 A CN115443184 A CN 115443184A
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安德烈·列昂尼多维奇·沃尔科夫
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An DelieLieangniduoweiqiWoerkefu
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    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B01F23/21321—High pressure atomization, i.e. the liquid is atomized and sprayed by a jet at high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237611—Air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2321—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by moving liquid and gas in counter current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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    • B01F25/23—Mixing by intersecting jets
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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    • B01F25/231—Mixing by intersecting jets the intersecting jets having the configuration of sheets, cylinders or cones
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/25—Mixing by jets impinging against collision plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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Abstract

本文提出一种用于对液体进行曝气的装置。所述装置包括外壳，所述外壳具有液体入口通道、空气入口通道以及用于液体和空气的混合物的出口通道。安装在所述外壳中的是锥形中空锥体喷嘴，所述锥形中空锥体喷嘴容纳用于在压力下在液体中进行馈送的旋流器，所述旋流器在其外表面上具有螺旋凹槽。安装在其中锥形液体射流离开所述中空锥体喷嘴的锥形部分中的开口的区域中的是挡板，液体流与所述挡板碰撞，从而引起空化，其中空气经由所述挡扳中的通道并通过所述挡扳中的开口进入所述液体射流的内部区域。

Description

沃尔科夫空化曝气器
技术领域
本发明涉及混合设备的领域，所述混合设备用于使用气体-液体系统经由通过各种液体(尤其是水)的气相(尤其是通过氧气)的主动曝气而以各种技术进行饱和，其效果是在物理质量转移期间使扩散-动力学过程加速，所述物理质量转移涉及由于空化现象而引起的各相中的化学反应行为。
背景技术
已知一种装置，即俄罗斯联邦N°2292233的曝气器专利，所述装置被设计成用于将空气或氧气强制供应和分散到各种装置。所述装置包括具有由橡胶制成的弹性分散剂的空气供应管。
此曝气器的不足之处是其操作是基于气相到具有活性气相的液体中的分散。确定饱和效率的界面表面在此情况下不显著且是由分散期间形成的气泡的总表面确定，鉴于管中的空气压力由于分散剂的流体动力稳定性而增大，所述分散剂的波动将最小化，这将进一步降低液相的气体含量并减小界面表面。
俄罗斯联邦N°2231499的曝气器专利已知具有由聚合物材料制成的分散元件，所述聚合物材料具有沿着壳体元件的横截面轮廓变化的不同孔隙度。在曝气器操作的过程中，所形成的气泡的直径变化，所述直径在中心部分中最大，同时向外围减小。此装置的不足之处是对气体介质通过壳体的传递的水力阻力增大。不均匀的孔隙度针对遍及壳体表面积的气体介质引起不同的阻力并引起不同的气体通过量，这是大直径气泡的数量增加以及界面表面积减小的原因。由于大气泡捕获小气泡而造成的气泡聚并现象导致相的活性接触表面的面积减小，这反过来降低了质量转移效率。
用于将空气供应到曝气池的俄罗斯联邦N°2645141的曝气器专利已知包括：全陶瓷中空主体，其具有由压制的单组分陶瓷粉末制成的壁，主体中具有中心孔和螺纹；引入配件，其从管道供应空气。外壳具有一个或多个竖直圆柱形孔，其具有不可渗透的壁和螺纹。此曝气器的不足之处是其制造技术相当复杂、曝气活性低、空气水力阻力高，以及质量转移表面不充分，这是由于其产生的活性介质是空气。
发明内容
所提出的装置的技术结果是在曝气器中使用中空锥体喷嘴，所述中空锥体喷嘴具有位于其内部的旋流器，以及挡扳，使其能够产生将水与空气混合的最优模式。
这是由通过以下步骤确保混合质量的改进的事实来实现：形成水锥，其具有液体流的螺旋移动；由于流中的剪切电流和与挡板碰撞的水射流区域中的速度跳变而产生空化现象，其中形成低压区，并且形成气相气泡，气泡破裂；以及通过挡板中的孔混杂空气，其与水剧烈地混合。当气泡破裂时，会发生压力和温度的局部上升，这增大了动力学系数以及扩散和化学过程的速率。在此情况下，质量转移表面将由所形成的液滴的表面积确定，此装置中的液滴数量大得多，这与活性相是气态介质时的情况截然相反。
附图说明
通过附图阐释本发明的本质。
图1展示所提出的装置的示意图。曝气器包括外壳1，所述外壳具有中空锥体喷嘴2，所述中空锥体喷嘴基本上是具有旋流器3的中空锥体，所述旋流器在其外表面上具有流道4的螺纹；挡板5，其被定位成与中空锥体喷嘴的渐缩部分的开口相对，具有用于空气吸入的通道6、水供应通道7和水-空气混合物出口通道8。
所述装置工作如下。来自源(井眼或城市供水源)的水或其它液体介质在压力下供应到曝气器1到中空锥体喷嘴，且在行进通过旋流器的通道时获取运动学螺旋移动。当通过中空锥体喷嘴的渐缩部分的孔离开时，所述水或其它液体介质形成中空锥形水射流，其中水粒子相对于曝气器主体进行螺旋移动。在所述水射流9的内部区域中，由于在对挡板冲击的水射流区域中产生的空化效应，形成了减压区域。空气通过挡板中的通道6被吸入到所述减压区域中，到达中空锥形水射流的内部区域的空气被水捕获并与其剧烈地混合，这成倍地增强了例如水的氧饱和的效果。然后，将气体-空气混合物通过通道8引导到分离器以用于水脱气。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于液体曝气的装置，其包含具有液体供应通道、空气供应通道以及用于液体和空气的混合物的出口通道的外壳，其特征在于，液体在压力下供应到安装在外壳中的半锥体中空锥体喷嘴，其中旋流器位于中空锥体喷嘴内部，在其外表面上具有螺纹切割通道，在来自孔的液体流的锥形中空射流的出口区中，挡板安装在中空锥体喷嘴的锥形部分上，在所述液体流与挡板碰撞之后，发生空化，空气经由挡板中的通道并经由挡板中的孔进入液体流的锥形中空射流的内部区域。
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