CN115433574A - 一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,将玉米淀粉和尿素以1:6重量比溶于去离子水中,微波炉中反应后,冷却至室温,离心取上清液,微孔膜过滤后透析,得蓝色荧光碳点;将一水柠檬酸和尿素以1:2重量比溶于去离子水中,微波炉中反应后,冷却至室温,离心取上清液,微孔膜过滤,得绿色荧光碳点;将对苯二胺和尿素以1:4重量比溶于去离子水中,微波炉中反应后,冷却至室温,离心取上层清液,微孔膜过滤后透析,得到红色荧光碳点。与现有技术相比,该方法缩短了制备时间,降低了制备难度,制得的蓝、绿、红CDs在同一激发光下,具有三基色荧光属性,可利用三基色混合出全色域范围的多种荧光色,适用于新型量子点荧光墨水、功能性染料等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,属于荧光碳点制备技术领域。
背景技术
碳点(CDs),是一类尺寸在10nm以下的新型零维碳基纳米材料,自2004年被XU等用电弧放电法制得,因其优异的水溶性、低毒性和生物友好性,备受关注,成为研究热点。独特的核壳结构使CDs具有多种光学性能,如良好的发光性、水溶性、光稳定性等,被视为是最有前景的荧光材料之一,CDs在生物医学、印刷防伪、环境检测、生物分析、催化传感等领域中均有应用。CDs荧光显色遵循格拉斯曼色光加色法混合定律。红、绿、蓝,三原色光按照一定比例混合可以得到任何可见色光,三种色光相互独立,各自具有固定波长,且具有越加越亮的特性。制备符合色光加色法原理的三基色荧光CDs,通过调整红、绿、蓝三基色荧光比例便可获得任何荧光色,从而达到荧光色可调控的目的。
CDs的制备方法多种多样,且荧光色也各不相同,通过调整前驱体及反应溶剂的种类和浓度、改变反应温度或同时改变多个反应条件都可制备出发射不同波长的荧光CDs,这在一定程度上体现了CDs发色机理的复杂性。近几年陆续有制备多色荧光CDs的研究,如Jiang等以等量苯二胺的三种异构体为碳源,采用溶剂热法,制备出蓝、绿、红三色CDs;Zhu等以柠檬酸和尿素为前驱体,分别以水、乙醇和DMF为三种不同的反应溶剂,制备出蓝、绿和红三色CDs;Lin等以苯二胺的两种异构体为前驱体,调整用量,在200℃高温条件下,制备出绿色、黄色、橙色和红色四种颜色的CDs。尽管这些研究已经制备出了发射多种荧光色的CDs,但制备出的CDs所呈现的光色随机,不可预知,难以调控,且多采用高温高压的制备条件,工艺难度大、周期长。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术的不足,提供一种简便、快速、可控的制备三基色荧光碳点的方法。
技术方案
一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将玉米淀粉和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后透析,得到蓝色荧光碳点;所述玉米淀粉和尿素的重量比为1:6;
(2)将一水柠檬酸和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,得到绿色荧光碳点;所述一水柠檬酸和尿素的重量比为1:2;
(3)将对苯二胺和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后透析,得到红色荧光碳点;所述对苯二胺和尿素的重量比为1:4。
进一步,步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,所述微波反应在微波炉的高火条件下进行,微波炉的功率为700W。
进一步,步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,所述离心的转速为10000rpm,时间为10min。
进一步,步骤(1)和(3)中,所述透析采用的是截留分子量为1000Da的透析膜,时间为18-25h。
上述方法制备得到的三基色荧光碳点。
本发明的有益效果:本发明采用一步热微波法,以玉米淀粉、一水柠檬酸和对苯二胺为前驱体,均以尿素为N原子掺杂剂,快速简便制备出具有三基色属性的蓝、绿、红CDs,与现有技术相比,缩短了制备时间,降低了制备难度。本发明制备的蓝、绿、红CDs,在365nm激发光条件下,发射波长分别为423nm、524nm和621nm,可以满足三基色荧光的基本特性,可以利用三基色混合出白色荧光及其它多种光色的新型荧光色,避免了每种荧光色都要专门制备的繁琐。本发明为制备具有荧光可调性的CDs开发了新思路,提供了一种新的研究方向,同时也促进了CDs在各个领域的深入应用,如新型量子点荧光墨水、柔性全彩荧光材料和功能性染料等。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的透射电镜图;
图2为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的XRD图;
图3为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点在365nm紫外激发下的归一化荧光发射光谱图;
图4为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的紫外可见吸收光谱图;
图5为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点在不同紫外激发波长下的PL光谱图;
图6为实施例1制备的B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs及混合得到的白光发射CDs的CIE色坐标;
图7为实施例1制备的B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs按照不同比例两两混合得到的多色荧光CDs照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。为清楚详细地说明本发明的技术方案,下述实施例中,采用的微波炉为松下(Panasonic)NN-N313WF型号微波炉,功率为700W;玉米淀粉购自新乡良润全谷物食品有限公司;一水柠檬酸(AR)、尿素(AR)、无水乙醇(AR)和聚乙烯醇均购自于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;对苯二胺(AR,97%,108.14MW)购于麦克林试剂网;但均不限于此。
实施例1
一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.5g玉米淀粉和3g尿素混合溶解于20mL去离子水中,置于微波炉中在高火条件下微波反应5min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后以10000rpm的转速离心10min,取上层清液经0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后采用截留分子量为1000Da透析膜透析18h,得到蓝色荧光碳点(记为B-CDs);
(2)将1g柠檬酸和2g尿素混合溶解于20mL去离子水中,置于微波炉中在高火条件下微波反应5min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后以10000rpm的转速离心10min,取上层清液经0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,得到绿色荧光碳点(记为G-CDs);
(3)将0.025g对苯二胺、0.1g尿素混合溶解于50mL去离子水中,置于微波炉中在高火条件下微波反应7min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后以10000rpm的转速离心10min,取上层清液经0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后采用截留分子量为1000Da的透析膜透析24h,得到红色荧光碳点(记为R-CDs)。
图1为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的透射电镜图,其中,图1a为蓝色荧光碳点,图1b为绿色荧光碳点,图1c为红色荧光碳点,可以看出,制得的三基色荧光碳点均显示球形且分散良好,并且,所有三基色荧光碳点均显示出分辨率良好的晶格条纹,CDs结晶度良好,且三者晶格间距均为0.21nm,属于石墨碳(100)晶面。
图2为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的XRD图,其中,图2a为蓝色荧光碳点,图2b为绿色荧光碳点,图2c为红色荧光碳点,可以看出,蓝色荧光碳点和红色荧光碳点的X射线粉末衍射(XRD)图谱在2θ=22.0°,与HRTEM观察结果非常吻合,绿色荧光碳点的XRD图谱在2θ=25.0°处,均显示出石墨的(002)衍射宽峰。
图3为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点在365nm紫外激发下的归一化荧光发射光谱图;图4为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点的紫外可见吸收光谱图,由图3和4可以看出,蓝色荧光碳点(B-CDs)、绿色荧光碳点(G-CDs)和红色荧光碳点(R-CDs)发射峰位置分别在423nm、524nm和621nm,CDs在200nm~300nm范围内显示出特征吸收峰,对应于碳核sp2域中C=C键、C=N键的π-π*跃迁和C=O键的n-π*跃迁,在可见光区,三个样品分别显示出了不同的吸收带,表明样品具有不同的表面状态,同时可见光区的吸收峰发生红移,与相应的最佳激发波长一致,表明发射的主要因素是共轭π畴的带隙跃迁,且带隙由B-CDs到R-CDs逐渐减小。
图5为实施例1制得的三基色荧光碳点在不同紫外激发波长下的PL光谱图,其中,图5a为B-CDs,图5b为G-CDs,图5c为R-CDs,可以看出,B-CDs和G-CDs的荧光发射具有较为显著的激发波长依赖特性,可归因于复杂的表面态对能级带隙的影响,随着激发波长的增加,B-CDs和G-CDs的发射波长发生不同程度的红移,可能是由于CDs表面存在种类较为丰富的官能团,随着激发波长的变化,相应的表面态发射陷阱也会发生主导性的变化;而R-CDs的发射峰位置与激发波长无关,则表明CDs表面状态较为简单且分布相对均匀,控制CDs红色荧光发射的可能是碳骨架和内部的荧光分子基团,而非表面基团。
将实施例1制备的B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs以3:2:5的体积比混合可得到白光发射CDs,图6为实施例1制备的B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs和白光发射CDs的CIE色坐标,可以看出,B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs和白光发射CDs的CIE色坐标分别为(0.15,0.03)、(0.30,0.52)、(0.62,0.38)和(0.33,0.34)。将B-CDs、G-CDs、R-CDs按照不同比例两两混合,可以获得一系列稳定发光的多色荧光CDs,如图7所示。结果表明,三种CDs在处于同一溶剂中时并未产生相互干扰,可以独立发光具有良好的抗外界干扰能力。
Claims (5)
1.一种制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将玉米淀粉和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后透析,得到蓝色荧光碳点;所述玉米淀粉和尿素的重量比为1:6;
(2)将一水柠檬酸和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,得到绿色荧光碳点;所述一水柠檬酸和尿素的重量比为1:2;
(3)将对苯二胺和尿素混合溶解于去离子水中,置于微波炉中微波反应4-8min后,取出,冷却至室温,然后离心,取上层清液用0.22μm的微孔膜过滤,然后透析,得到红色荧光碳点;所述对苯二胺和尿素的重量比为1:4。
2.如权利要求1所述制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,所述微波反应在微波炉的高火条件下进行,微波炉的功率为700W。
3.如权利要求1所述制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,所述离心的转速为10000rpm,时间为10min。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述制备三基色荧光碳点的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)和(3)中,所述透析采用的是截留分子量为1000Da的透析膜,时间为18-25h。
5.权利要求1或2或3所述方法制备得到的三基色荧光碳点。
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