CN115417724A - Composite active slow-release organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite active slow-release organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115417724A CN115417724A CN202211151590.9A CN202211151590A CN115417724A CN 115417724 A CN115417724 A CN 115417724A CN 202211151590 A CN202211151590 A CN 202211151590A CN 115417724 A CN115417724 A CN 115417724A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000195585 Chlamydomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195634 Dunaliella Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195663 Scenedesmus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237942 Conidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001804 ammoniojarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002663 humin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention discloses a compound active slow-release organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-6% of modified mineral soil, 8-10% of algae slurry, 4-6% of natural flocculent gel, 3-5% of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 1-3% of active buffering agent and 70-80% of water. The invention compounds the algae slurry with remarkable fertilizer efficiency performance and the modified mineral soil with unique water absorption expansion, dispersion, suspension, adsorption and other performances, adds the natural flocculent gel, the fertilizer efficiency polymer and the active buffer agent to prepare the slow release fertilizer, can supplement nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients and organic matter nutrients for the barren soil when being applied to the barren soil, can reduce environmental pollution, reduce cost, remarkably improve crop yield and quality, and does not generate secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a compound active slow-release organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, in order to avoid that the fertilizer effect substances are released from the soil along with rainfall runoff and are greatly lost due to rainfall erosion, a soil improvement method adopting slow release fertilizer gradually attracts attention. The modified mineral soil is widely used as a slow/controlled release fertilizer carrier due to the special layered nano structure and the unique properties of water absorption expansion, dispersion, suspension, adsorption and the like. At present, researches on modified mineral soil as slow release fertilizer mainly focus on compounding inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer with modified mineral soil, and the slow release fertilizer prepared by compounding organic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer with modified mineral soil has not attracted attention. In addition, in terms of soil improvement, the poor soil needs to be supplemented with organic nutrients such as humic acid as well as nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. Therefore, the prepared composite active slow-release organic fertilizer has wide prospect in improving barren soil into nutrient soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a compound active slow-release organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the existing modified mineral soil compound slow-release fertilizer is lack of organic nitrogen and phosphorus, and meeting the use requirement of organic nutrition of barren soil.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a composite active slow-release organic fertilizer, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The composite active slow-release organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-6% of modified mineral soil, 8-10% of algae slurry, 4-6% of natural flocculent gel, 3-5% of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 1-3% of active buffering agent and 70-80% of water.
Preferably, the compound active slow-release organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of modified mineral soil, 10% of algae slurry, 4% of natural flocculent gel, 4% of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 2% of active buffer and 75% of water.
Further, the modified mineral soil is modified natural mineral soil loaded with calcium base, sodium base or potassium base.
Further, the algae slurry is the algae liquid of the microalgae cultured in the effluent of the eutrophic river water after coagulation dephosphorization, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the effluent after coagulation dephosphorization is (40-60): 1; the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the effluent is preferably 50. The eutrophic river water is treated by chemical coagulation or chemical precipitation, etc. to obtain water quality suitable for the growth of non-toxic green algae and inhibit the growth of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the algae slurry comprises the following steps: microalgae cells obtained by filtering eutrophic water through a 0.45-micron filter membrane are inoculated in the eutrophic river water after coagulation and dephosphorization, and the inoculation density is 1.5 multiplied by 10 6 ～2×10 6 cell/mL, the culture illumination intensity is 3500-4000 Lx, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the light-dark ratio is (1.0-1.5): 1; after culturing for 25-40 days, harvesting the algae liquid, and preparing the algae slurry with the water content of 80-90% through centrifugal dehydration.
Furthermore, the microalgae are nontoxic green algae capable of significantly accumulating fertilizer-like biomass, and include Chlorella (Chlorella), scenedesmus (Scenedesmus), chlorella (chlorecoccum), chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas), and Dunaliella (Dunaliella).
Preferably, the microalgae cells are cultured in a column type microalgae incubator under the conditions of illumination intensity of 4000Lx, temperature of 25 ℃ and light-dark ratio of 1.4.
Further, the fertilizer efficiency polymer is a precipitate obtained after eutrophic river water is subjected to coagulation dephosphorization. The polymer precipitate of the eutrophic river water after coagulation and dephosphorization is rich in N, P and other nutrient elements and can be used as a fertilizer efficiency polymer for soil nutrient improvement.
Furthermore, the agent for coagulating and removing phosphorus is one or two of magnesium sulfate and ferric sulfate. If the agent is magnesium sulfate, the obtained precipitate is magnesium ammonium phosphate; if the agent is ferric sulfate, the obtained precipitate is ammoniojarosite and/or ferric phosphate.
Further, the preparation method of the natural flocculent gel comprises the following steps: the natural rotten black solid is crushed and sieved by a 60-100 mesh sieve by adopting an extraction method, an alkaline extracting solution is extracted for 6-10 h, the vibration is carried out for 6-10 h, the pH is adjusted to be 1.0-2.0, the centrifugation is carried out for 20min at 5000-8000 r/min, and the precipitate is dried at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the natural rotten black solid.
Preferably, the preparation method of the natural flocculent gel comprises the following steps: crushing the rotten black solid, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, leaching with 0.5mol/L alkaline extract for 8h, shaking for 8h, adjusting the pH to 1.0 with 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 20min, and drying the precipitate at 60 ℃ to obtain the fertilizer.
Furthermore, the natural black rot solid is selected from one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal.
Furthermore, the alkaline leaching liquor is selected from one or more of potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
Furthermore, the active buffering agent is prepared from waste crop materials, wherein the waste crop materials comprise coconut shells, chestnut shells, pine nut shells and broad bean hulls, and the active buffering agent belongs to natural biomass resource utilization.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a composite active slow-release organic fertilizer, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of the composite active slow-release organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing specified amount of modified mineral soil, algae slurry, natural flocculent gel, fertilizer efficiency polymer, active buffer and water;
s2, drying the uniformly mixed compound to obtain a solid substance with the water content of 10-20%;
and S3, grinding the solid into powder, granulating, introducing steam, adjusting the granulation temperature to 50-60 ℃, and preparing the solid particle composite organic fertilizer with the particle size of 2-6 mm.
Preferably, in step S2, the uniformly mixed composite is cyclone-dried to obtain a solid with a water content of 15%.
Preferably, in step S3, the mixed solid after cyclone drying is processed into homogeneous powder by a grinder, and then the homogeneous powder is put into a drum granulator for granulation, steam is introduced, the granulation temperature is adjusted to 60 ℃, and the solid particle composite organic fertilizer with the particle size of 5mm is prepared by the granulator.
The present application has the following advantageous effects.
In the composite active slow-release organic fertilizer provided by the invention, microalgae is cultured by using effluent obtained after eutrophic river water is subjected to coagulation and dephosphorization, and the effluent can inhibit the growth of toxic green algae such as microcystis aeruginosa and the like after the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is adjusted, so that the growth of the nontoxic green algae is promoted, and the microalgae can obviously accumulate fertilizer-effect biomass such as protein, polysaccharide, carotenoid and the like. The polymer precipitate left after the eutrophic river water is subjected to coagulating sedimentation nitrogen and phosphorus removal is rich in N, P and other nutrient elements, and can provide organic nutrition for the barren soil. The natural active buffer agent is rich in crude fiber, has a good pore structure, strong water retention capacity and strong buffer effect, and is a strong degradable active matrix. Meanwhile, the natural flocculent gel prepared by the humins can be used as a slow release agent and a stabilizing agent of a nitrogen fertilizer, a synergist of a phosphate fertilizer, a protective agent of a potassium fertilizer, and more importantly, as a regulator and a chelating agent of trace elements, so that the soil can tightly adsorb nutrient substances. Therefore, the algae slurry with obvious fertilizer efficiency performance is compounded with the modified mineral soil with unique water absorption expansion, dispersion, suspension, adsorption and other performances, and the natural flocculent gel, the fertilizer efficiency polymer and the active buffering agent are added to prepare the slow release fertilizer for improving the nutrition of the barren soil, so that the slow release fertilizer can supplement nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients and organic matter nutrition for the barren soil, and has the advantages of reducing environmental pollution, reducing cost, prolonging the release period, obviously improving the yield and quality of crops and the like.
The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer can be directly scattered into soil to be doped for improving the soil fertility, or the organic fertilizer is dissolved in water and sprayed to the roots of crops to promote the growth of the crops. When the organic fertilizer is used, no peculiar smell is diffused, and the contained substances have no organic toxicity, so that the organic fertilizer cannot cause harm to workers in the using process, and cannot cause secondary pollution to the environmental air and water.
Detailed Description
The present patent application is further illustrated below with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
And carrying out coagulation treatment on the eutrophic river water by taking magnesium sulfate as a coagulant, wherein the adding concentration of the magnesium sulfate is 5mg/L, so that the total nitrogen concentration and the total phosphorus concentration of the treated water are respectively 10.0mg/L and 0.2mg/L to meet the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 50. And filtering and cleaning precipitates in the treatment process, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the fertilizer efficiency polymer magnesium ammonium phosphate.
And (2) inoculating microalgae cells obtained by filtering the eutrophic river water through a 0.45-micron filter membrane into a column type microalgae incubator, wherein the culture solution is the eutrophic river water effluent water of which the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is adjusted to be 50 by coagulating sedimentation. Initial inoculum density was 2X 10 6 cell/mL (0.05 g/L), and the culture conditions are illumination intensity 4000Lx, temperature 25 ℃, light-dark ratio 1.4. After culturing for 30 days, harvesting algae liquid, and centrifugally dewatering to prepare algae slurry with water content of 90%.
Crushing and sieving natural mineral soil (B802109 from Shanghai Bai Ka chemical technology Co., ltd.), sieving at 27 deg.C, sieving with 100 mesh bentonite, and adding 0.05mol/L Na 2 CO 3 And carrying out sodium treatment by shaking for 24 h. Centrifuging after 24h to obtain oreAnd (5) producing soil slurry, and drying to obtain the sodium-based modified mineral soil.
Crushing the solid matters of the black rot, sieving the solid matters with a sieve of 80 meshes, leaching 0.5mol/L alkaline extract for 8h, shaking for 8h, adjusting the pH value to 1.0 by 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 20min, and drying the precipitate at 60 ℃ to obtain the natural flocculent gel.
Coconut shells of waste crops (purchased from special coconut chaff factories in Hainan), chestnut shells (purchased from Jindi chestnut food Co., ltd. In Qianxi county), pine cone shells (purchased from Hepan tobacco handicraft article commercial company in Guangzhou) and broad bean shells (Heiviteng feed trade Co., ltd. In Anhui) are mixed and crushed to prepare the active buffering agent with the thickness of 8 mm.
Uniformly mixing 5% of modified mineral soil, 10% of nontoxic green algae slurry, 4% of natural flocculent gel, 4% of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 2% of active buffer and 75% of water, and performing cyclone drying to obtain a solid substance with the water content of 15%; and (3) after cyclone drying, processing the mixture into homogeneous powder by a grinder, then entering a rotary drum granulator for granulation, introducing steam, adjusting the granulation temperature to 60 ℃, and preparing the solid particle composite active slow-release organic fertilizer A with the particle size of 5mm by the granulator.
And uniformly mixing 10% of modified mineral soil, 15% of nontoxic green algae slurry and 75% of water, and preparing the organic fertilizer B with the particle size of 5mm by the same preparation process of the active slow-release organic fertilizer A.
The purchasing component is nutrient soil C (purchased from Bonney biotechnology limited of Fuyang city) of humus soil, coconut husk and perlite.
And excavating the common soil D outdoors.
The specific application method is as follows:
and (3) adding an organic fertilizer A, B into the common soil D, and uniformly mixing, wherein the organic fertilizer is 30% of the dry weight of the soil. The mixed components are respectively put into polyethylene plastic basins K1 and K2. The polyethylene plastic pot K3 is filled with nutrient soil C, and the polyethylene plastic pot K4 is filled with common soil D. The seeding rate of the lettuce in each polyethylene plastic pot is 100 grains per pot, and each treatment group repeats the experiment for 3 times. Water is supplied in time during the planting period so as to ensure the water required by the growth of the plants. And measuring the seedling height of the lettuce plant sample by adopting a steel rule with the accuracy of 1mm at the 50 th day, and measuring the fresh weight of the plant by using an electronic balance. The culture results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of active slow-release organic fertilizer applied to soil on growth of clover and ryegrass plants
The result shows that the composite active slow-release organic fertilizer A and the organic fertilizer B can obviously promote the increase of the plant height and the biomass of the lettuce, the K1 group is improved by 40 percent compared with the blank group K4, and the soil fertility is superior to that of common nutrient soil and common soil after the organic fertilizer is added. The K1 group and the K2 group are compared to find that the lettuce plant height and biomass of the K1 group are obviously superior to those of the K2 group, and the organic fertilizer A added with organic nutrient components such as natural flocculent gel, fertilizer efficiency polymers, active buffering agents and the like can enable the soil to have higher water retention capacity, buffering capacity and adsorption capacity, can obviously improve the soil nutrient condition and promote the growth of crops.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the solid particle composite active slow-release organic fertilizer a prepared in example 1 is applied by the following method:
the composite slow-release organic fertilizer is soaked and dissolved by tap water, the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the water is 1:2, equal-diameter filter paper is placed in a 9cm culture dish to serve as a germination bed, 10mL of organic fertilizer dissolving liquid is added, and the organic fertilizer dissolving liquid is added along the wall so as to avoid bubbles generated below the filter paper. Tap water was used as a blank. Uniformly and tidily arranging 50 clover seeds and 50 ryegrass seeds on a germination bed by using tweezers, covering a culture dish cover, placing the germination bed cover in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for culture, and regularly observing during culture to replenish water timely. And (3) determining the germination potential and the germination rate according to different plant species, namely testing the germination potential and the germination rate of the clover for 3 days and 5 days and the ryegrass for 5 days and 7 days respectively, and testing the total bud length of the clover for 7 days and the ryegrass for 10 days. Abnormal or infected seeds are removed in time during the cultivation. The culture results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 promoting effect of active slow-release organic fertilizer dissolved in water on germination rate of clover and ryegrass
The germination rate of clover on the 5 th day of the test group is 83 +/-6%, and the germination rate of ryegrass on the 7 th day of the test group is 95 +/-6%, which is 15-30% higher than that of the blank group. The experimental result shows that the fertilizer efficiency of the compound active slow-release organic fertilizer has obvious enhancement effect on seed germination and growth.
Example 3
Carrying out coagulation treatment on eutrophic river water by taking ferric sulfate as a coagulant, and adding the ferric sulfate with the concentration of 8mg/L to ensure that the total nitrogen concentration and the total phosphorus concentration of the treated water are respectively 10.0mg/L and 0.2mg/L so as to meet the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of 50. And simultaneously filtering and cleaning precipitates in the treatment process, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the fertilizer efficiency polymer iron phosphate. And (2) inoculating microalgae cells obtained by filtering eutrophic water through a 0.45-micron filter membrane into a column type microalgae incubator, wherein the culture solution is eutrophic river water with the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio adjusted to 50 by coagulating sedimentation. Initial inoculum density was 2X 10 6 cell/mL (0.05 g/L), and the culture conditions are 3500Lx of illumination intensity, 25 ℃ of temperature and 1.5 of light-dark ratio. After culturing for 30 days, harvesting algae liquid, and centrifugally dewatering to prepare algae slurry with water content of 90%.
4 percent of modified mineral soil (the preparation method is the same as that of the example 1), 10 percent of nontoxic green algae slurry, 3 percent of natural flocculent gel (the preparation method is the same as that of the example 1), 5 percent of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 3 percent of active buffer (the preparation method is the same as that of the example 1) and 75 percent of water are mixed evenly. The uniformly mixed compound is dried by cyclone to obtain a solid with the water content of 10 percent. After cyclone drying, processing the mixture into homogeneous powder by a grinder, then entering a rotary drum granulator for granulation, introducing steam, adjusting the granulation temperature to 60 ℃, and preparing the solid particle composite organic fertilizer with the particle size of 5mm by the granulator.
The specific application method is as follows:
setting the application proportion of the organic fertilizer to the dry weight of soil to be 0% (CK), 10% (S10), 20% (S20) and 30% (S30), and respectively filling the mixed groups into polyethylene plastic basins. The seeding rate of ryegrass and clover is 100 grains per pot, and each treatment group repeats the experiment for 3 times. Water is supplied in time during the planting period so as to ensure the water required by the growth of the plants. The height of seedlings of clover and ryegrass plant samples was measured on day 50 using a steel ruler with an accuracy of 1mm, and the fresh weight of the plants was determined using an electronic balance. The culture results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of active slow-release organic fertilizer applied to soil on growth of clover and ryegrass plants
Experimental results show that when the fertilizing amount of the compound active slow-release organic fertilizer is 10% -30%, the increase of the plant height and biomass of ryegrass and clover is obviously promoted, particularly 30%, and the compound active slow-release organic fertilizer obviously improves the soil nutrient condition to promote the growth of crops.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite active slow-release organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-6% of modified mineral soil, 8-10% of algae slurry, 4-6% of natural flocculent gel, 3-5% of fertilizer efficiency polymer, 1-3% of active buffer and 70-80% of water.
2. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the modified mineral soil is modified natural mineral soil loaded with calcium base, sodium base or potassium base.
3. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the algae slurry is the algae liquid of the microalgae cultured in the effluent of eutrophic river water after coagulation dephosphorization, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the effluent after coagulation dephosphorization is (40-60): 1.
4. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the algae slurry comprises the following steps: microalgae cells obtained by filtering eutrophic water through a 0.45-micron filter membrane are inoculated in the eutrophic river water after coagulation and dephosphorization, and the inoculation density is 1.5 multiplied by 10 6 ～2×10 6 cell/mL, the culture illumination intensity is 3500-4000 Lx, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the light-dark ratio is (1.0-1.5): 1; after culturing for 25-40 days, harvesting the algae liquid, and preparing the algae slurry with the water content of 80-90% through centrifugal dehydration.
5. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer efficiency polymer is a precipitate obtained after eutrophic river water is subjected to coagulation dephosphorization.
6. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 3-5, wherein: the agent for coagulating and removing phosphorus is one or two of magnesium sulfate and ferric sulfate.
7. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the natural flocculent gel comprises the following steps: crushing the natural rotten black solid, sieving the crushed natural rotten black solid with a 60-100-mesh sieve, leaching an alkaline extracting solution for 6-10 h, shaking the alkaline extracting solution for 6-10 h, adjusting the pH value to 1.0-2.0, centrifuging the alkaline extracting solution for 20min at 5000-8000 r/min, and drying the precipitate at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the natural rotten black solid.
8. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: the natural black rot solid is one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal.
9. The compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the active buffering agent is prepared from waste crop materials including coconut shell, chestnut shell, pine nut shell and broad bean hull.
10. A method for preparing the compound active slow-release organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-9, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing specified amount of modified mineral soil, algae slurry, natural flocculent gel, fertilizer efficiency polymer, active buffer and water;
s2, drying the uniformly mixed compound to obtain a solid substance with the water content of 10-20%;
and S3, grinding the solid into powder, granulating, introducing steam, adjusting the granulation temperature to 50-60 ℃, and preparing the solid particle composite organic fertilizer with the particle size of 2-6 mm.
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| CN105886404A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 华东理工大学 | Polyculture type microalgae cultivation method capable of inhibiting growth of microcystis aeruginosa |
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| CN111094541A (en) * | 2017-07-15 | 2020-05-01 | 阿鲁恩·维塔尔·沙旺特 | Novel crop fortification, crop nutrition and crop protection compositions |
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| CN105886404A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 华东理工大学 | Polyculture type microalgae cultivation method capable of inhibiting growth of microcystis aeruginosa |
| CN111094541A (en) * | 2017-07-15 | 2020-05-01 | 阿鲁恩·维塔尔·沙旺特 | Novel crop fortification, crop nutrition and crop protection compositions |
| CN108409465A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-17 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | A kind of ammonium magnesium phosphate-phosphorus fertilizer slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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