CN115413439B - Slope restoration structure and restoration method - Google Patents
Slope restoration structure and restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115413439B CN115413439B CN202211039242.2A CN202211039242A CN115413439B CN 115413439 B CN115413439 B CN 115413439B CN 202211039242 A CN202211039242 A CN 202211039242A CN 115413439 B CN115413439 B CN 115413439B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003583 soil stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to a slope restoration structure and a restoration method, wherein the slope restoration structure comprises a first spray coating, a composite net hanging layer and a second spray coating, the composite net hanging layer comprises a plurality of composite strips which are woven to be covered, the composite strips comprise a permeable reinforced net film and a water distribution reinforced hose, and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net film extend into a pipe cavity in the water distribution reinforced hose; the water distribution reinforced hose is connected with a water pump and is used for pumping water/fertilizer; the composite strip formed by combining the water distribution reinforced hose and the permeable reinforced net film can uniformly permeate water into the soil layer, has the effect of supplementing water/fertilizer to the inside of the soil layer, has the blocking effect to the soil layer, and can be paved at one time relative to a steel wire net and a water pipe network mode, so that the operation steps are simplified, the paving speed is improved, the blocking effect to the soil layer is better, and the uniform water applying effect is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to a slope restoration structure and a restoration method.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of the demand of ore resources, the mountain is mined in disorder for a long time, the ecological environment of the mine is damaged, a series of natural disasters such as water and soil loss, landslide, mud-rock flow and the like are caused, one of the methods with the most obvious effect in the process of restoring the ecological environment of the mine is to restore the vegetation of the mine, and the restoring key point of the method is to firstly definitely determine the aim of restoring the ecological environment of the mine, comprehensively survey the soil and the environmental condition of the mine, and further determine the vegetation planting method.
At present, the restoration of a mine slope is usually to spray a soil layer of mixed vegetation seeds on the surface of the slope, and a steel wire hanging net is arranged on the inner side of the soil layer so as to reduce water and soil loss, and meanwhile, watering points which are sprayed in a grid distribution mode are required to be arranged on the slope so as to apply water and fertilizer to the seeds in the soil layer, but the watering points are arranged too densely to cause overlapping of watering areas, and are arranged sparsely or cause blind areas to appear in the watering areas, so that uniform water and fertilizer effects cannot be ensured.
Prior art literature:
patent literature: CN106332740A underground intelligent drip irrigation system for ecological restoration of high-steep slope and control method
Disclosure of Invention
According to a first aspect of the object of the present invention, there is provided a slope restoration structure comprising:
the first spraying layer is sprayed on the surface wall of the side slope body;
the composite net hanging layer is paved on the outer side of the first spraying layer to form a coverage surface;
the second spraying layer is sprayed on the outer side of the composite net hanging layer;
the anchoring rod penetrates through the first spraying layer and is inserted into the side slope body and used for fixing the composite net hanging layer;
the composite net hanging layer comprises a plurality of composite strips which are woven to form a covering surface, the composite strips comprise a permeable reinforced net film and water distribution reinforced hoses fixedly arranged on two sides of the permeable reinforced net film, and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net film extend into a pipe cavity in the water distribution reinforced hose;
the port of the water distribution reinforced hose is connected with a water pump through a water distribution pipe, the water suction end of the water pump is communicated with an external water supply pipe, and the water pump is electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for pumping water/fertilizer into the water distribution reinforced hose.
Preferably, a plurality of said composite strips are woven in a crisscross pattern to form a coverage having a weave density of greater than 60%.
Preferably, the water distribution reinforced hose is a pipe with a circular cross section and a broken groove at one side, and the side edge of the permeable reinforced net membrane extends into the pipe cavity through the broken groove to form a water/fertilizer passage.
Preferably, a plurality of reinforcing wires which are arranged in a central symmetry manner along the axis of the pipe cavity are embedded and fixed in the pipe wall of the water distribution reinforced hose.
Preferably, the permeable reinforced net membrane comprises a PVC membrane, and the PVC membrane stretches into the end face of the breaking groove to be fixed with the water distribution reinforced hose in a hot melting mode.
Preferably, the permeable reinforced net membrane comprises geotextile, clamping strips protruding outwards in the radial direction are integrally formed on the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose, corresponding to the two sides of the fracture groove, suture lines are arranged on the clamping strips in the length direction, and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net membrane are clamped by the clamping strips and fixed through the suture lines.
Preferably, a sealing strip is arranged on the joint surface of the clamping and pressing strip and the permeable reinforced net membrane.
Preferably, the inside of the permeable reinforced net membrane is embedded with reinforcing ribs which are fixed in a crisscross manner.
Preferably, the inside of the permeable reinforced net membrane is provided with a water guide channel penetrating through the tube cavities at two sides, and a plurality of uniformly distributed root penetrating holes are formed in the surface of the permeable reinforced net membrane.
Preferably, the permeable reinforced net membrane comprises a PVC film or permeable geotextile, and the reinforcing ribs and the reinforcing wires comprise aramid fiber wires.
Preferably, the width of the composite strip is set to be 50-200 cm.
Preferably, a plurality of soil humidity sensors distributed in a matrix are arranged in the first spray coating and the second spray coating, and two adjacent soil humidity sensors are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m.
Preferably, the water distribution pipe is provided with a control valve corresponding to each composite strip, and the control valve and the soil humidity sensor are electrically connected with an external controller.
According to a second aspect of the object of the present invention, a slope restoration method is provided, comprising the steps of:
step 1, cleaning a slope: clearing loose dangerous rock mass of the slope surface, and cutting the slope of the potential unstable block and the steep slope so as to facilitate hanging a net;
step 2, prefabricating the slurry spraying liquid:
2.1 Prefabricating slurry of the first spraying layer, and fully mixing the prepared fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form first slurry for later use;
2.2 Prefabricating the slurry of the composite screening layer, and fully mixing prepared seeds, fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form second slurry for later use;
step 3, prefabricating a composite net hanging layer:
3.1 Manufacturing the composite strip): selecting a proper width of the permeable reinforced net membrane, and installing and fixing the water distribution reinforced hose on two side edges of the permeable reinforced net membrane to form the composite strip;
3.2 -braiding of said composite strip): weaving the composite strips into a net surface in a crisscross and mutually overlapped mode, wherein the weaving density is more than 60%;
step 4, spraying the first spraying layer: uniformly spraying the first slurry prepared in the step (a) on the surface of the slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 15-25 cm;
step 5, paving a composite net hanging layer: after the first spray coating is formed, paving the woven mesh surface prepared in the step (A) on the surface of the first spray coating, installing the anchoring rods into meshes of the woven mesh surface, wedging the anchoring rods into the side slope body, installing a crimping piece at the top of the anchoring rods, clamping the crimping piece on the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose, limiting the position of the composite hanging mesh layer, and setting the installation interval between two adjacent anchoring rods to be 2-4 m;
step 6, spraying the second spraying layer: uniformly spraying the second slurry prepared in the step (a) on the surface of the slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 10-15 cm;
step 7, slope maintenance:
a plurality of soil humidity sensors distributed in a matrix are arranged in the first spray coating and the second spray coating, so that two adjacent soil humidity sensors are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m;
the water distribution pipes are distributed on the side slope, so that the water inlets of the water distribution pipes are connected with the water pumps, meanwhile, control valves are arranged at the joints of the water distribution pipes and the water distribution reinforced hoses of each longitudinal and each transverse direction, the water pumps are communicated with external water supply pipes, the control valves are used for purposefully penetrating and supplying water to the water-deficient part through the penetrating reinforced net film through data feedback of the soil humidity sensor, and after half a year of maintenance, the vegetation layer grows on the surface of the second spraying layer.
Compared with the prior art, the side slope repair structure has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the slope restoration structure adopts the composite strip formed by combining the water distribution reinforced hose and the permeable reinforced net film, wherein the water distribution reinforced hose plays roles of water passing and reinforcing and pulling the sprayed soil layer material, the permeable reinforced net film plays a role of uniformly applying water, water can be uniformly permeated into the soil layer, the effect of supplementing water/fertilizer in the soil layer is achieved, the water supplementing mode is uniform and effective, surface evaporation is avoided, the water is directly input into the soil layer, the water is directly applied to the root system of vegetation, and the water and fertilizer are supplemented for the vegetation layer.
2. The slope repairing structure adopts the composite strip formed by combining the water distribution reinforced hose and the permeable reinforced net film, and can be paved at one time relative to the mode of anchoring a steel wire net and a watering spray pipe net, so that the operation steps are simplified, the paving speed is improved, the soil layer is better blocked, and the uniform water applying effect is better.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a side slope restoration structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of a side slope restoration structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a composite netting layer in a slope restoration structure according to an embodiment of the present invention in a top view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite netting layer in example 1 of a slope repair structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a part of a composite netting layer in example 1 of a side slope restoration structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a part of a composite netting layer in example 2 of a side slope restoration structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a part of a composite trawl layer in an embodiment 2 of a side slope repair structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Because current side slope repair is behind spraying mud, not only need cover the wire net and play the soil fixation effect, still need the preparation water pipe net for the water supply of mud layer to the maintenance to the vegetation, but current water supply is offered at the water pipe net and is the sprinkling point that the matrix distributes, and this sprinkling point is circular or fan-shaped spraying area generally, if the sprinkling point lays too closely can lead to the area of watering to overlap, lays sparsely or leads to the area of watering to appear the blind area, so, can not guarantee even water fertilizer effect, and the double-deck laying of wire net and water pipe net also prolongs the engineering time.
[ side slope repair Structure ]
Therefore, in combination with the illustration of fig. 1, the first aspect of the present invention proposes a technical scheme, a slope repairing structure, by setting the composite hanging net layer 2, the watering area is uniform, the structure is simplified, the paving is convenient, and the maintenance effect is improved, the structure mainly comprises a first spraying layer 1, the composite hanging net layer 2 and a second spraying layer 3.
Wherein, first spraying layer 1 is formed on the surface wall of side slope body 100 by the spray gun spraying after with fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water retention agent and water intensive mixing, mainly provide root system development space and nutrition for the plant of follow-up planting, compound net layer 2 lays in the outside of first spraying layer 1 and forms the cover, mainly play the effect of solid soil and applying water/fat, second spraying layer 3 is formed in the outside of compound net layer 2 by the spray gun spraying after seed, fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water retention agent and water intensive mixing, mainly provide plant seed and plant and provide root system development space and nutrition.
Composite net hanging layer
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the composite hanging net layer 2 includes a plurality of composite strips woven to be covered, the composite strips include a permeable reinforced net film 22 and water distribution reinforced hoses 21 fixedly arranged on two sides of the permeable reinforced net film 22, and side edges of the permeable reinforced net film 22 extend into a pipe cavity 201 inside the water distribution reinforced hoses 21.
In a specific embodiment, the plurality of composite strips form a coverage surface with the weaving density of more than 60% in a longitudinal and transverse weaving mode, so that the composite strips can keep enough gaps between two layers of spray coating layers to enable the base layer and the surface layer of the spray coating layers to be bonded, and can also meet the requirement that the permeated water and fertilizer provide nutrition for plant roots, so that the first spray coating layer 1 and the second spray coating layer 3 are provided with the permeated reinforced net film 22 to supply water for the inside of a soil layer, the water supply directly acts on the root system in the soil layer, surface evaporation is avoided, water resources are saved, and repeated coverage areas or coverage dead areas do not exist.
So, the water distribution reinforced hose 21 and the infiltration reinforced net film 22 are combined to form a composite strip, the water distribution reinforced hose 21 positioned at two sides plays a role in water feeding and traction, the infiltration reinforced net film 22 plays a role in watering, when water flows in the pipe cavity 201, the water flows towards the direction of the infiltration reinforced net film 22, and is uniformly infiltrated into the first spray coating 1 and the second spray coating 3 outwards in the infiltration reinforced net film 22, so that the effect of supplementing water/fertilizer to the inside of a soil layer is achieved, the water supplementing mode is uniform and effective, surface evaporation is avoided, the water is directly input into the soil layer, the water is acted on a vegetation root system, and the water fertilizer is supplemented for the vegetation layer 4.
Water supply of composite net hanging layer
Further, the port of the water distribution reinforced hose 21 is connected with a water pump 5 through a water distribution pipe 51, the water absorbing end of the water pump 5 is communicated with an external water supply pipe 200, and the water pump 5 is electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for pumping water/fertilizer into the water distribution reinforced hose 21.
Specifically, the water supply pipe 200 is laid on the surface of the slope 100, the lower end of the water supply pipe is connected with a water supply tank, fertilizer required by plants can be added in the water supply tank, and the water pump 5 extracts water/fertilizer in the water supply tank through the water supply pipe 200 and sequentially guides the water/fertilizer into the water distribution reinforced hose 21 which are woven with each other through the water distribution reinforced hose 21.
As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the water distribution reinforced hose 21 is a pipe with a circular cross section and a break groove 212 at one side, and the side edge of the permeable reinforced net film 22 extends into the pipe cavity 201 through the break groove 212 to form a water/fertilizer passage, so that water flowing in the water distribution reinforced hose 21 can uniformly reach the permeable reinforced net film 22 along the length direction of the water distribution reinforced hose 21, and the water guiding effect of the permeable reinforced net film 22 is prevented from being different in the length direction, so that water application is uneven.
Composite tape example 1
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in order to make the composite strip overall lighter, the permeable reinforced net film 22 adopts a PVC permeable film, the inside of the permeable reinforced net film 22 has a water guide channel 223 penetrating through the lumens 201 at both sides, and a plurality of uniformly distributed rooting holes 222 are formed on the surface of the permeable reinforced net film 22, the rooting holes 222 are formed in a hot-pressing manner, water in the PVC permeable film is prevented from flowing out from the rooting holes 222, and the setting of the rooting holes 222 facilitates the plant root system to penetrate the PVC permeable film to reach the first spray coating 1 at the lower layer.
In a specific embodiment, the PVC osmotic membrane is arranged in a double-layer manner, the end surface of the PVC osmotic membrane extending into the breaking groove 212 is fixed with the water distribution reinforced hose 21 in a hot melting manner, the middle part of the PVC osmotic membrane is provided with a water guide channel 223 penetrating through the pipe cavities 201 at two sides, and water flow permeates into a soil layer between the two PVC osmotic membranes.
In this way, the internal energy of the lumen 201 flows to the permeable reinforced net film 22 through the water guide channel 223 and is outwardly permeated into the soil layers on the upper layer and the lower layer, so that a better water applying effect is achieved.
Composite tape example 2
In order to make the composite strip have good water permeability and water guiding performance, the permeable reinforced net film 22 adopts permeable geotextile, and the permeable geotextile utilizes good air permeability and water permeability to make water flow pass through, so as to effectively intercept soil particles, fine sand and the like, so as to keep the stability of the sprayed soil layer, have good water guiding performance, can form a water guiding passage inside the soil layer, and can effectively diffuse, transfer or decompose concentrated stress in the soil layer, prevent the soil body from being damaged by external force and protect the slope soil.
Further, in order to enable the permeable reinforced net film 22 made of the permeable geotextile to be firmly installed on the water distribution reinforced hose 21, clamping and pressing strips 211 protruding outwards in the radial direction are integrally formed on the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose 21 corresponding to the two sides of the fracture groove 212, suture lines 24 are arranged on the clamping and pressing strips 211 along the length direction, and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net film 22 are clamped by the clamping and pressing strips 211 and are fixed through the suture lines 24.
Further, in order to prevent water in the pipe cavity 201 from directly flowing into the soil layer from the joint of the clamping and pressing strip 211 and the permeable geotextile, the joint surface of the clamping and pressing strip 211 and the permeable reinforced net film 22 is provided with the sealing strip 23, so that water in the pipe cavity 201 can only unidirectionally permeate into the soil layer along the permeable geotextile.
Further, a plurality of evenly distributed root taking holes 222 are formed in the surface of the permeable geotechnical cloth, and the root taking holes 222 are convenient for plant roots to penetrate through the reinforced net film 22 to reach the first spraying coating 1 on the lower layer.
Therefore, the permeable geotextile has better water guiding and permeable effects, and can transfer the moisture in the relatively wet soil layer to the relatively dry soil layer, so that the uniformity of the moisture in the soil is maintained.
Further, in order to enhance the tensile capacity of the water distribution reinforced hose 21, a plurality of reinforcing wires 213 which are arranged in a central symmetry manner along the axis of the pipe cavity 201 are embedded and fixed in the pipe wall of the water distribution reinforced hose 21, so that the axial strength of the water distribution reinforced hose 21 is enhanced, and the soil fixing effect is achieved.
In combination with the above, in the preferred embodiment, the water distribution reinforced hose 21 is a PVC plastic hose with an inner diameter of 1cm or less and a wall thickness of 2-3 mm, the reinforcing filaments 213 are aramid filaments, and during the production, six groups of aramid filaments with a central symmetry and a diameter of 1-2 mm are drawn in advance, so that the thin steel wires pass through the die orifice of the extruder, the extruder extrudes PVC material corresponding to the section shown in fig. 6, and the water distribution reinforced hose 21 is formed after cooling.
In order to enhance the transverse and longitudinal tensile properties of the permeable reinforced net film 22, the situation that the permeable reinforced net film 22 is torn or deformed in area is reduced, the reinforcing ribs 221 which are criss-cross and are fixed are embedded in the permeable reinforced net film 22, the reinforcing ribs 221 are made of aramid fiber filaments, and meanwhile, a plurality of uniformly distributed rooting holes 222 are formed in the surface of the permeable reinforced net film 22 so that plant roots can penetrate the permeable reinforced net film 22 to reach the first spraying layer 1 of the lower layer, as shown in fig. 3, 5 and 7.
Further, in combination with the above embodiment, the width of the composite strip is set to be 0.2-0.5 m, so that the composite net hanging layer 2 formed by weaving the composite strip has a good soil fixing effect, and the water can be more uniformly permeated into the first spray coating layer 1 and the second spray coating layer 3 in a mode of permeating and applying water into the soil layer by the strip-shaped permeation reinforced net film 22, so that the water/fertilizer supplementing effect inside the soil layer is achieved, the water supplementing mode is uniform and effective, surface evaporation is avoided, the water/fertilizer is directly input into the soil layer, and the water/fertilizer is acted on the vegetation root system to supplement the water fertilizer for the vegetation layer 4.
Anchoring of composite screening layer
As shown in connection with fig. 2 and 3, the anchor rod 6 penetrates the first sprayed layer 1 and is inserted into the interior of the side slope body 100, and is used to fix the composite netting layer 2.
Further, the top of each anchoring rod 6 is provided with a press-connection piece 61, the press-connection pieces 61 are made of cross-shaped thin steel plates, four sides of each press-connection piece are punched to be in a clamp shape capable of covering the water distribution reinforced hose 21, and the clamp shape is used for limiting the position of the water distribution reinforced hose 21 and achieving a fixing effect on the composite net hanging layer 2.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate water/fertilizer application in the soil layer and pertinently distinguish relatively dry and wet areas, the interiors of the first spray coating layer 1 and the second spray coating layer 3 are respectively provided with a plurality of soil humidity sensors 7 distributed in a matrix, and two adjacent soil humidity sensors 7 are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m.
Correspondingly, the water distribution pipe 51 is provided with a control valve 52 corresponding to each composite strip, and the control valve 52 and the soil humidity sensor 7 are electrically connected with an external controller.
Thus, when the detection value of the soil humidity sensor 7 falls below the preset value, the soil layer representing the region lacks water, and the external controller automatically or manually opens the control valve 52 of the corresponding region to conduct the water distribution pipe 51 flowing through the region, thereby achieving the effect of directional water application.
[ side slope repair method ]
The second aspect of the present invention proposes a technical solution, a slope restoration method, using the slope restoration structure, comprising the steps of:
step 1, cleaning a slope: clearing loose dangerous rock mass of the slope surface, and cutting the slope of the potential unstable block and the steep slope so as to facilitate hanging a net;
step 2, prefabricating the slurry spraying liquid:
2.1, prefabricating slurry of the first spray coating layer 1, and fully mixing the prepared fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form first slurry for later use;
2.2, prefabricating the slurry of the compound net hanging layer 2, and fully mixing the prepared seeds, fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form second slurry for later use;
step 3, prefabricating a composite net hanging layer:
3.1, manufacturing a composite strip: selecting a permeable reinforced net film 22 with proper width, then installing water distribution reinforced hoses 21 on two sides of the permeable reinforced net film 22, fixing the permeable reinforced net film 22 made of a PVC film into a broken groove 212 of the water distribution reinforced hose 21 in a hot melting mode, or installing the permeable reinforced net film 22 made of permeable geotextile on the inner side of a clamping and pressing strip 211 of the water distribution reinforced hose 21, wherein a suture 24 is arranged on the clamping and pressing strip 211 along the length direction, and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net film 22 are clamped by the clamping and pressing strip 211 and are fixed through the suture 24;
3.2, braiding a composite strip: weaving the composite strips into a net surface in a crisscross and mutually overlapped mode, wherein the weaving density is more than 60%;
step 4, spraying a first spraying layer 1: uniformly spraying the first slurry prepared in the step 2.1 on the surface of the slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 15-25 cm;
step 5, paving a composite net hanging layer: after the first spray coating 1 is formed, paving the woven mesh surface prepared in the step 3.2 on the surface of the first spray coating 1, installing the anchor rods 6 into meshes of the woven mesh surface, wedging the anchor rods 6 into the slope 100, installing the crimping pieces 61 on the tops of the anchor rods 6, clamping the crimping pieces 61 on the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose 21, limiting the position of the composite hanging mesh layer 2, and setting the installation interval between two adjacent anchor rods 6 at 2m;
step 6, spraying a second spraying layer 3: uniformly spraying the second slurry prepared in the step 2.2 on the surface of the slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 10-15 cm;
step 7, slope maintenance:
a plurality of soil humidity sensors 7 distributed in a matrix are arranged in the first spray coating 1 and the second spray coating 3, so that two adjacent soil humidity sensors 7 are arranged at intervals of 2-3M;
the water distribution pipe 51 is arranged on the side slope, so that the water inlet of the water distribution pipe 51 is connected with the water pump 5, meanwhile, the connection part of the water distribution pipe 51 and each longitudinal water distribution reinforced hose 21 and each transverse water distribution reinforced hose 21 is provided with a control valve 52, the water pump 5 is communicated with an external water supply pipe 200, through the data feedback of the soil humidity sensor 7, the control valve 52 is controlled to selectively permeate and supply water to the water-deficient part through the permeable reinforced net film 22, and after half a year of maintenance, the vegetation layer 4 grows on the surface of the second spray coating 3.
By combining the above embodiments, the composite strips are manufactured in a water applying and pulling composite mode, and then the composite strips are mutually woven to form the composite net hanging layer 2, so that the operation steps are simplified only by one-time paving, the paving speed is improved, and the composite net hanging layer has a better blocking effect on a soil layer and a better uniform water applying effect relative to a steel wire net and a water pipe net mode.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A slope restoration structure, comprising:
the first spraying layer (1) is sprayed on the surface wall of the side slope body (100);
the composite net hanging layer (2) is paved outside the first spraying layer (1) to form a coverage surface;
the second spraying layer (3) is sprayed on the outer side of the composite net hanging layer (2);
an anchor rod (6) penetrating through the first spray coating (1) and inserted into the side slope body (100) for fixing the composite net hanging layer (2);
the composite hanging net layer (2) comprises a plurality of composite strips which are woven to be covered, the composite strips comprise a permeable reinforced net film (22) and water distribution reinforced hoses (21) fixedly arranged on two sides of the permeable reinforced net film (22), and the side edges of the permeable reinforced net film (22) extend into a pipe cavity (201) in the water distribution reinforced hoses (21);
the port of the water distribution reinforced hose (21) is connected with a water pump (5) through a water distribution pipe (51), the water suction end of the water pump (5) is communicated with an external water supply pipe (200), and the water pump (5) is electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for pumping water/fertilizer into the water distribution reinforced hose (21);
the water distribution reinforced hose (21) is a pipe with a circular cross section and a broken groove (212) at one side, and the side edge of the permeable reinforced net film (22) extends into the pipe cavity (201) through the broken groove (212) to form a water/fertilizer passage;
the inside of the infiltration reinforced net film (22) is provided with a water guide channel (223) which penetrates through the tube cavities (201) at two sides, and a plurality of uniformly distributed root penetrating holes (222) are formed in the surface of the infiltration reinforced net film (22).
2. A slope repair structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein a plurality of said composite strips are woven in a crisscross pattern to form a coverage area having a weave density of greater than 60%.
3. The slope restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of reinforcing wires (213) which are arranged in a central symmetry manner along the axis of the pipe cavity (201) are embedded and fixed in the pipe wall of the water distribution reinforced hose (21).
4. Slope repair structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the permeable reinforced net membrane (22) comprises a PVC membrane, which extends into the end face of the breaking groove (212) and is fixed by hot melting with the water distribution reinforced hose (21).
5. The slope repair structure according to claim 1, wherein the permeable reinforced net membrane (22) comprises geotextile, clamping strips (211) protruding outwards in the radial direction are integrally formed on two sides of the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose (21) corresponding to the breaking grooves (212), suture threads (24) are arranged on the clamping strips (211) in the length direction, and the side edges of the geotextile are clamped by the clamping strips (211) and are fixed through the suture threads (24).
6. The slope repair structure according to claim 5, wherein a sealing strip (23) is mounted on a joint surface of the clamping and pressing strip (211) and the geotextile.
7. A slope repair structure according to claim 1, wherein the permeable reinforced net membrane (22) is internally embedded with criss-cross reinforcing ribs (221).
8. A slope repair structure according to claim 7, wherein the permeable reinforced mesh (22) comprises PVC film or water permeable geotextile, and the reinforcing ribs (221) and the reinforcing filaments (213) each comprise aramid fiber filaments.
9. The slope repair structure of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the width of the composite strip is set at 50-200 cm.
10. The slope restoration structure according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of soil humidity sensors (7) distributed in a matrix are arranged in the first spray coating (1) and the second spray coating (3), and two adjacent soil humidity sensors (7) are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m.
11. The slope restoration structure according to claim 10, wherein the water distribution pipe (51) is provided with a control valve (52) corresponding to each composite strip, and the control valve (52) and the soil humidity sensor (7) are electrically connected with an external controller.
12. A slope restoration method, characterized in that a slope restoration structure as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 is used, comprising the steps of:
step 1, cleaning a slope: clearing loose dangerous rock mass of the slope surface, and cutting the slope of the potential unstable block and the steep slope so as to facilitate hanging a net;
step 2, prefabricating the slurry spraying liquid:
2.1 Prefabricating the slurry of the first spraying coating (1), and fully mixing the prepared fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form first slurry for later use;
2.2 Prefabricating the slurry of the composite net hanging layer (2), and fully mixing the prepared seeds, fertilizer, soil stabilizer, water-retaining agent and water to form second slurry for later use;
step 3, prefabricating a composite net hanging layer:
3.1 Manufacturing the composite strip): selecting a proper width of the permeable reinforced net membrane (22), and installing and fixing the water distribution reinforced hose (21) on two side edges of the permeable reinforced net membrane (22) to form the composite strip;
3.2 -braiding of said composite strip): weaving the composite strips into a net surface in a crisscross and mutually overlapped mode, wherein the weaving density is more than 60%;
step 4, spraying the first spraying layer (1): uniformly spraying the first slurry prepared in the step 2.1) on the surface of the slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 15-25 cm;
step 5, paving a composite net hanging layer: after the first spraying layer (1) is formed, paving the woven mesh surface prepared in the step 3.2) on the surface of the first spraying layer (1), installing the anchor rods (6) into meshes of the woven mesh surface, wedging the anchor rods (6) into the side slope body (100), installing a crimping piece (61) on the top of the anchor rods (6), clamping the crimping piece (61) on the outer wall of the water distribution reinforced hose (21), limiting the position of the composite hanging mesh layer (2), and setting the installation interval between two adjacent anchor rods (6) to be 2-4 m;
step 6, spraying the second spraying layer (3): uniformly spraying the second slurry prepared in the step 2.2) on the surface of the side slope by adopting a spray gun, wherein the spraying process is divided into multiple layers of spraying, the spraying time interval of each layer is 10-20 min, the single-layer spraying thickness is 5cm, and the total spraying thickness is 10-15 cm;
step 7, slope maintenance:
a plurality of soil humidity sensors (7) distributed in a matrix form are arranged in the first spray coating (1) and the second spray coating (3), so that two adjacent soil humidity sensors (7) are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m;
the water distribution pipe (51) is arranged on a side slope, so that a water inlet of the water distribution pipe (51) is connected with the water pump (5), meanwhile, a control valve (52) is arranged at the joint of the water distribution pipe (51) and each longitudinal and each transverse water distribution reinforced hose (21), the water pump (5) is communicated with an external water supply pipe (200), data feedback of the soil humidity sensor (7) is adopted, the control valve (52) is used for purposefully penetrating and supplying water to a water shortage part through a penetrating reinforced net film (22), and after half a year of maintenance, a vegetation layer (4) grows on the surface of the second spraying layer (3).
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