CN115403472A - 一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方法和改性矿物油 - Google Patents
一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方法和改性矿物油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方和改性矿物油，包括以下原料：12～30wt％的三元醇和70～88wt％的混合高碳数脂肪酸；所述三元醇选自丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、戊三醇、聚己内酯三元醇中的一种或多种；所述混合高碳数脂肪酸的中高碳数脂肪酸的碳原子个数为7～14。该酯具有良好的高低温润滑性能，能够满足工业机械部件的高温或低温环境低粘度润滑需求。该三元醇酯不仅可以单独作为润滑油使用，也可作为矿物油的添加剂，改善油品摩擦性能和黏度特性。该高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯可作为多种市面上主流工业润滑油基础油或添加剂使用，达到改善工业油高低温性能、摩擦特性和黏度特性的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基础油技术领域，尤其涉及一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方法和改性矿物油。
背景技术
随着工业技术的持续发展，对齿轮、轴承等部件的润滑需求日益提升，既要求拥有较好的摩擦特性，还需要针对不同工况和环境选择对应的润滑油产品。同时，当今世界各国对环保越发敏感，环保相关法规日趋收紧，要求在机械部件润滑过程中尽可能实现绿色环保的目标，减少危废产生和环境污染。酯类油作为一类高端润滑油基础油，具有高性能、良好润滑性和可生物降解性等优点，适用于各类环境和工况，具有较强的应用潜力和广大的未来市场。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方法和改性矿物油，该酯可以单独作为润滑油使用，也可作为矿物油的添加剂，改善油品摩擦性能和黏度特性。
本发明提供了一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，包括以下原料：
12wt％～30wt％的三元醇和70wt％～88wt％的混合高碳数脂肪酸；
所述三元醇选自丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、戊三醇、聚己内酯三元醇中的一种或多种；
所述混合高碳数脂肪酸的中高碳数脂肪酸的碳原子个数为7～14。
在本发明中，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自正辛酸、异辛酸、正庚酸、异庚酸、正壬酸、异壬酸、正壬酸、异壬酸、月桂酸及其同分异构体中的至少两种。
在本发明中，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自C7脂肪酸、C8脂肪酸和C10脂肪酸的混合物；或C7脂肪酸、C9脂肪酸和C12脂肪酸的混合物。
在本发明中，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自质量比1:6:3的C7脂肪酸、C8脂肪酸和C10脂肪酸的混合物；
或所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自质量比4:5:1的C7脂肪酸、C9脂肪酸和C12脂肪酸的混合物。
在本发明中，还包括合成催化剂，所述合成催化剂占所述三元醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸总质量0～0.3wt％，优选为0.13～0.20wt％；
所述合成催化剂选自硫系催化剂、锡或铝或钯类金属催化剂或固体酸催化剂。所述合成催化剂选自选自硫酸、硫酸氢钠、草酸亚锡和钯碳催化剂中的一种或多种。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将三元醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸在合成催化剂存在下酯化反应，得到合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯。
在本发明中，所述酯化反应的温度为180～220℃，时间为5.5～6.5h。
本发明提供了一种改性矿物油，包括矿物油；和占所述矿物油质量15～25％的添加剂；
所述添加剂为上述技术方案所述合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯。
在本发明中，所述矿物油可以为10#加氢油。
本发明提供了一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，包括以下原料：12wt％～30wt％的三元醇和70wt％～88wt％的混合高碳数脂肪酸；所述三元醇选自丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、戊三醇、聚己内酯三元醇中的一种或多种；所述混合高碳数脂肪酸的中高碳数脂肪酸的碳原子个数为7～14。该酯具有良好高低温润滑性能，能够满足工业机械部件的高温或低温环境低粘度润滑需求。该三元醇酯不仅可以单独作为润滑油使用，也可作为矿物油的添加剂，改善油品摩擦性能和黏度特性。该高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯可作为多种市面上主流工业润滑油基础油或添加剂使用，达到改善工业油高低温性能、摩擦特性和黏度特性的功效。实验结果表明：该酯运动粘度(40℃)不大于25mm2/s，运动粘度(100℃)不大于5mm2/s，闪点不低于250℃，倾点不高于-40℃，有利于高低温不同环境的使用和工业油的粘度调节。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯及其制备方法和改性矿物油进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
以C7酸、C8酸、C10酸以质量1:6:3的比例，和三羟甲基丙烷在硫酸催化下200℃反应6小时，制得合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯；
三羟甲基丙烷和混合高碳数脂肪酸的质量比为18:82；
硫酸占所述三羟甲基丙烷和混合高碳数脂肪酸总质量0.15wt％。
表1实施例1制得的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯的性能参数
实施例2
以C7酸、C9酸、C12酸以质量4:5:1的比例，和丙三醇在草酸亚锡催化下200℃反应6小时，制得合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯；
丙三醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸的质量比为15:85；
草酸亚锡占所述丙三醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸总质量0.20wt％
表2实施例2制得的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯
实施例3
将实施例1制备的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯添加至10#加氢油，占比为20wt％，得到改性矿物油。
表3实施例3制备的改性矿物油的性能
实施例4
将实施例2制备的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯添加至10#加氢油，占比为15wt％，得到改性矿物油。
表4实施例4制备的改性矿物油的性能
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供的用于工业油的高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，具有优异的高低温性能和黏度特性，适用于对温度要求苛刻或对黏度有特殊要求的各类工业齿轮、轴承，可替代矿物型工业油或作为工业油添加剂使用。该油有利于工业油基础油国产化工作，提高工业油整体性能和市场竞争力。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，包括以下原料：
12wt％～30wt％的三元醇和70wt％～88wt％的混合高碳数脂肪酸；
所述三元醇选自丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、戊三醇、聚己内酯三元醇中的一种或多种；
所述混合高碳数脂肪酸的中高碳数脂肪酸的碳原子个数为7～14。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，其特征在于，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自正辛酸、异辛酸、正庚酸、异庚酸、正壬酸、异壬酸、正壬酸、异壬酸、月桂酸及其同分异构体中的至少两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，其特征在于，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自C7脂肪酸、C8脂肪酸和C10脂肪酸的混合物；或C7脂肪酸、C9脂肪酸和C12脂肪酸的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，其特征在于，所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自质量比1:6:3的C7脂肪酸、C8脂肪酸和C10脂肪酸的混合物；
或所述混合高碳数脂肪酸选自质量比4:5:1的C7脂肪酸、C9脂肪酸和C12脂肪酸的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，其特征在于，还包括合成催化剂，所述合成催化剂占所述三元醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸总质量0～0.3wt％；
所述合成催化剂选自硫系催化剂、锡或铝或钯类金属催化剂或固体酸催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯，其特征在于，所述合成催化剂选自选自硫酸、硫酸氢钠、草酸亚锡和钯碳催化剂中的一种或多种。
7.一种权利要求1～6任一项所述合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将三元醇和混合高碳数脂肪酸在合成催化剂存在下酯化反应，得到合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酯化反应的温度为180～220℃，时间为5.5～6.5h。
9.一种改性矿物油，包括矿物油；
和占所述矿物油质量15～25％的添加剂；
所述添加剂为权利要求1～6任一项所述合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯或权利要求7～8任一项所述制备方法制备的合成高碳数脂肪酸三元醇酯。
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