CN115362892A - Corn oat (barley) transparent and linear interplanting planting method - Google Patents
Corn oat (barley) transparent and linear interplanting planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a transparent and linear interplanting planting method for corn oat (barley), which comprises the following steps: selecting soil, preparing soil, pretreating seeds, planting, managing in a field and harvesting; the interplanting method is simple to operate, effectively solves the problems of unreasonable field layout, short soil preparation base fertilizer aging, low seed germination rate, immature field management technology and the like, improves the productivity and the production efficiency of an agricultural system and the yield of corn, oat and barley, increases the agricultural output value, and can be popularized and used in a large range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a transparent and linear interplanting planting method for corn and oat (barley).
Background
Corn is the most important grain, feed, industrial raw material and energy crop in the world at present, and plays a great role in guaranteeing the grain safety, economic development, relieving energy crisis and the like in the world. Corn has large sowing area and wide distribution in China, and is the crop with the largest area and yield potential in dry-land grain crops. Besides eating, corn is also widely used in the fields of feed and industrial raw materials, such as producing livestock feed, making paper, brewing distilled liquor, producing industrial alcohol, and the like. Because of the outstanding advantages of corn, the demand of corn is increasing year by year.
The oat has high contents of protein, fat, vitamin E, dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus and other mineral elements, and has multiple biological functions of reducing blood fat, cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar, oxidation resistance and the like; the barley contains abundant dietary fiber, is cool in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of tonifying qi, relieving epigastric distention, quenching thirst and removing heat. Oats and barley are widely used due to their rich nutritional ingredients.
The current corn and oat (barley) interplanting method still has the problems of unreasonable field layout, short time effect of ground fertilizer for soil preparation, low seed germination rate, immature field management technology and the like, cannot fully exert the advantage of efficient resource utilization of the interplanting method, and limits the improvement of production efficiency. Therefore, the method for planting corn and oat (barley) through and linear interplanting is provided, and has important practical significance for ensuring the high yield of corn and oat (barley), improving the production efficiency, promoting the development of modern agricultural industry and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of unreasonable field layout, short base fertilizer aging for land preparation, low seed germination rate, immature field management technology and the like of the existing corn and oat (barley) interplanting planting method, the invention provides a transparent and linear corn and oat (barley) interplanting planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, insolating, raking up the broken soil, ridging, forming drainage ditches at the periphery after ridging is finished, excavating a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridging, and applying base fertilizer;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corn and oat seeds, and respectively soaking the corn seeds and the oat seeds before planting for later use;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of corns and 1 line of oats in a 1 line mode, scattering corn seeds in corn seed holes, and scattering oat seeds in oat seed holes;
s5, field management: after the corn and the oat seedlings emerge, respectively applying proper corn compound fertilizer and proper oat compound fertilizer, and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Preferably, in the step S2, the width of each ridge is 1-1.5m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 60-70cm; the size of the drainage ditch is 0.15-0.18m wide and 0.35-0.42m deep.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises: 250-500 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 80-100 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres.
Preferably, the controlled release fertilizer microspheres sequentially comprise from inside to outside: the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer, the first coating layer, the bonding layer, the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer and the second coating layer; the thickness ratio of the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the first coating layer to the bonding layer to the second coating layer is (1-1.5): 0.1, (0.1-0.2): 0.1, (0.6-0.8): 0.1, (0.1-0.2).
Preferably, the fertilizer layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 30-50% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10-30% of fly ash and 5-10% of polyvinyl alcohol; the first coating layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-70% of polylactic acid, 5-10% of chitosan and 20-45% of corn starch; the second coating layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-80% of polylactic acid, 8-20% of chitosan and 5-35% of corn starch.
Preferably, the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing a uniformly dispersed suspension from a steel slag phosphate fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and fly ash and water, and performing spray drying to obtain particles with the particle size of 12-18 mu m;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding polylactic acid, chitosan and corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer, namely taking polylactic acid, chitosan and corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying with a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by blowing at 32-35 ℃ to obtain the controlled release fertilizer microspheres, and the thickness ratio of the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer, the first coating layer, the bonding layer, the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer and the second coating layer is controlled.
Preferably, in the step S3, the soaking time of the corn seeds is 6-7h, and the soaking time of the oat seeds is 1-2h.
Preferably, the corn seed soaking solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of water naphthylacetic acid, 6-8 parts of triacontanol, 3-6 parts of anthocyanin, 1-4 parts of glutamine and 10-20 parts of water.
Preferably, the corn seed soaking solution is prepared by the following method:
mixing water naphthylacetic acid, triacontanol, anthocyanin, glutamine and water according to parts by weight to obtain the corn seed soaking solution.
Preferably, the oat seed soaking solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of fulvic acid, 3-6 parts of anthocyanin, 3-5 parts of asparagine and 10-20 parts of water.
Preferably, the oat seed soaking solution is prepared by the following method:
mixing fulvic acid, anthocyanin, asparagine and water according to parts by weight to obtain a corn seed soaking solution.
Preferably, in the step S4, the corn hole distance is controlled to be 30-40cm, and 3-4 corn seeds are dibbled in each hole; the hole distance of the oat is controlled to be 20-30cm, and 2-3 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
Preferably, the corn compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of hematite, 10-15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of sodium polylysine, 4-5 parts of sodium alginate, 6-8 parts of boxwood leaves and 23-25 parts of cow dung.
Preferably, the corn compound fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
according to the weight parts, the hematite, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, sodium polylysine, sodium alginate, boxthorn leaves and cow dung are uniformly mixed to obtain the corn compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the oat compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of peanut shells, 5-8 parts of seaweed powder and 16-18 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preferably, the oat compound fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
the oat compound fertilizer can be obtained by uniformly mixing monopotassium phosphate, bagasse, humic acid, peanut shell, seaweed powder and bacillus mucilaginosus according to parts by weight.
Preferably, in the corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method, the oat seeds are replaced by barley seeds.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the transparent and linear interplanting planting method for the corn oat (barley), disclosed by the invention, one line of corn and one line of oat (barley) effectively improve the productivity and the production efficiency of an agricultural system and the yield of the corn, the oat and the barley, increase the agricultural output value and can be popularized and used in a large range.
2. According to the method for planting corn oat (barley) through and linear interplanting, the controlled-release fertilizer microspheres are added during land preparation, so that sufficient base fertilizer is ensured, the growth requirements of corn, oat and barley are met, the seedling survival rate of corn, oat and barley is greatly improved, and further the yield of corn, oat and barley is increased.
3. According to the transparent and linear interplanting planting method for the corn and the oat (barley), before planting, the corn seeds and/or the oat seeds are soaked, so that the planting capacity of the seeds is effectively improved, and the yield of crops is increased.
4. According to the transparent and linear interplanting planting method for corn and oat (barley), after the corn and the oat grow seedlings, the corn compound fertilizer and the oat compound fertilizer are applied respectively, so that double high yield of the corn and the oat is realized, and meanwhile, the production efficiency can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation examples 1-5 provide methods for preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres.
Preparation example 1
The controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing 25wt% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 50wt% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25wt% of fly ash with water into uniformly dispersed suspension, and performing spray drying to obtain particles with the particle size of 10 mu m;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding 50wt% of polylactic acid, 5wt% of chitosan and 45wt% of corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer: taking 80wt% of polylactic acid, 8wt% of chitosan and 12wt% of corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying with a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by blowing at 30 ℃, wherein the thickness ratio of a fertilizer layer, a bonding layer, a first coating layer, the bonding layer, the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer and a second coating layer is 1.1.
Preparation example 2
The controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing uniformly dispersed suspension from 30wt% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 40wt% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30wt% of fly ash and water, and performing spray drying to obtain particles with the particle size of 12 mu m;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding 55wt% of polylactic acid, 10wt% of chitosan and 35wt% of corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer, namely taking 60wt% of polylactic acid, 15wt% of chitosan and 35wt% of corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying through a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by blowing at 32 ℃, and the thickness ratio of a fertilizer layer to a bonding layer to a first coating layer to the bonding layer to the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the second coating layer is (1.2).
Preparation example 3
The controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing 20wt% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 50wt% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30wt% of fly ash with water into uniformly dispersed suspension, and performing spray drying to obtain particles with the particle size of 15 mu m;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding 60wt% of polylactic acid, 8wt% of chitosan and 32wt% of corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer: taking 70wt% of polylactic acid, 10wt% of chitosan and 20wt% of corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying by a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by air blowing at 33 ℃, wherein the thickness ratio of a fertilizer layer to a bonding layer to a first coating layer to the bonding layer to the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to a second coating layer is 1.5.
Preparation example 4
The controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing 20wt% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 5wt% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30wt% of fly ash and water into uniformly dispersed suspension, and performing spray drying to obtain 17 mu m particles;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding 65wt% of polylactic acid, 5wt% of chitosan and 30wt% of corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer: taking 65wt% of polylactic acid, 15wt% of chitosan and 20wt% of corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying with a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by blowing at 34 ℃, wherein the thickness ratio of the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the first coating layer to the bonding layer to the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the second coating layer is (1.1).
Preparation example 5
The controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing a fertilizer layer: preparing uniformly dispersed suspension from 40wt% of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 45wt% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15wt% of fly ash and water, and performing spray drying to obtain particles with the particle size of 18 mu m;
(2) Preparing a first coating layer: adding 70wt% of polylactic acid, 5wt% of chitosan and 25wt% of corn starch into ethyl acetate, and uniformly dispersing;
(3) Preparing a second coating layer: taking 75wt% of polylactic acid, 20wt% of chitosan and 5wt% of corn starch; adding into ethyl acetate, and dispersing uniformly;
(4) Preparing bonding layer resin: selecting polyvinyl alcohol;
(5) Preparing controlled release fertilizer microspheres: the controlled release fertilizer microspheres are prepared by spraying with a fluidized bed gas suspension method, and then are dried by blowing at 35 ℃, and the thickness ratio of the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the first coating layer to the bonding layer to the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the second coating layer is 1.5.
Preparation examples 6-10 provide methods for preparing corn seed soaking solutions and oat seed soaking solutions.
Preparation example 6
The corn seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 1kg of water naphthylacetic acid, 6kg of triacontanol, 3kg of anthocyanin, 1kg of glutamine and 10kg of water.
The oat seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2kg of fulvic acid, 3kg of anthocyanin, 3kg of asparagine and 10kg of water.
Preparation example 7
The corn seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2kg of water naphthylacetic acid, 6.5kg of triacontanol, 4kg of anthocyanin, 2kg of glutamine and 12kg of water.
The oat seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2.2kg of fulvic acid, 4kg of anthocyanin, 3.5kg of asparagine and 13kg of water.
Preparation example 8
The corn seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2.5kg of water naphthylacetic acid, 7kg of triacontanol, 4.5kg of anthocyanin, 2.5kg of glutamine and 15kg of water.
The oat seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2.5kg of fulvic acid, 4.5kg of anthocyanin, 4kg of asparagine and 15kg of water.
Preparation example 9
The corn seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 3kg of naphthylacetic acid, 7.5kg of triacontanol, 5kg of anthocyanin, 3kg of glutamine and 17kg of water.
The oat seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 2.8kg fulvic acid, 5kg anthocyanin, 4.5kg asparagine and 10-20kg water.
Preparation example 10
The corn seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 4kg of water naphthylacetic acid, 8kg of triacontanol, 6kg of anthocyanin, 4kg of glutamine and 20kg of water.
The oat seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing 3kg of fulvic acid, 6kg of anthocyanin, 5kg of asparagine and 20kg of water.
Preparation examples 11 to 15 provide methods for preparing a corn compound fertilizer and an oat compound fertilizer.
Preparation example 11
The corn compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 24kg of hematite, 10kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15kg of humic acid, 2kg of sodium polylysine, 4kg of sodium alginate, 6kg of boxthorn leaves and 23kg of cow dung.
The oat compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20kg of monopotassium phosphate, 3kg of bagasse, 10kg of humic acid, 10kg of peanut shells, 5kg of seaweed powder and 16kg of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preparation example 12
The corn compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 24.5kg of hematite, 12kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 17kg of humic acid, 2.3kg of sodium polylysine, 4.3kg of sodium alginate, 6.5kg of boxwood leaves and 23.5kg of cow dung.
The oat compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 22kg of monopotassium phosphate, 3.5kg of bagasse, 12kg of humic acid, 13kg of peanut shells, 6kg of seaweed powder and 16.5kg of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preparation example 13
The corn compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 25kg of hematite, 12.5kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20kg of humic acid, 2.5kg of sodium polylysine, 4.5kg of sodium alginate, 7kg of boxwood leaves and 24kg of cow dung.
The oat compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 25kg of monopotassium phosphate, 4kg of bagasse, 13kg of humic acid, 15kg of peanut shells, 7kg of seaweed powder and 17kg of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preparation example 14
The corn compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 25.5kg of hematite, 14kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 22kg of humic acid, 2.8kg of sodium polylysine, 4.7kg of sodium alginate, 7.5kg of boxwood leaves and 24.5kg of cow dung.
The oat compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 28kg of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5kg of bagasse, 14kg of humic acid, 18kg of peanut shell, 7.5kg of seaweed powder and 17.5kg of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preparation example 15
The corn compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 26kg of hematite, 15kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 25kg of humic acid, 3kg of sodium polylysine, 5kg of sodium alginate, 8kg of boxwood leaves and 25kg of cow dung.
The oat compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 30kg of monopotassium phosphate, 5kg of bagasse, 15kg of humic acid, 20kg of peanut shells, 8kg of seaweed powder and 18kg of bacillus mucilaginosus.
Embodiments 1-5 provide a corn oat through and linear interplanting planting method.
Example 1
A corn and oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, then insolating, raking up the broken soil, ridging, wherein the ridge width is 1m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 60cm; after ridging is finished, drainage ditches are arranged around the ridging machine, and the drainage ditches are 0.15m wide and 0.35m deep; digging a fertilizing ditch at the center of the ridge, and applying 250 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 80 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres (preparation example 1) as base fertilizers;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corn and oat seeds, wherein the corn seeds are soaked in a corn seed soaking solution (preparation example 6) for 6 hours, and the oat seeds are soaked in an oat seed soaking solution (preparation example 6) for 1 hour; standby;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of oat by 1 line of corn; controlling the corn hole distance to be 30cm, and dibbling 3 corn seeds in each hole; the distance between every two holes of the oat is controlled to be 20cm, and 2 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
S5, field management: after the corns and the oats grow out, respectively applying a proper corn compound fertilizer (preparation example 11) and a proper oat compound fertilizer (preparation example 11), and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Example 2
A corn and oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, then insolating, raking up the broken soil, ridging, wherein the ridge width is 1.2m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 63cm; after ridging is finished, drainage ditches are arranged around the ridging machine, and the drainage ditches are 0.16m wide and 0.38m deep; digging a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridging, and applying 300 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 85 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres (preparation example 2) as base fertilizers;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corns and oat seeds, wherein the corn seeds are soaked in the corn seed soaking solution (preparation example 7) for 6.2 hours, and the oat seeds are soaked in the oat seed soaking solution (preparation example 7) for 1.2 hours; standby;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of oat by 1 line of corn; controlling the corn hole distance to be 33cm, and dibbling 3 corn seeds in each hole; the distance between every two holes of the oat is controlled to be 23cm, and 2 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
S5, field management: after the corn seedlings and the oat seedlings emerge, respectively applying a proper corn compound fertilizer (preparation example 12) and a proper oat compound fertilizer (preparation example 12), and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Example 3
A corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting a slope land with sunny terrain, wherein the soil is deep and loose, fertile, slightly high in terrain and good in drainage;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, insolating, harrowing, ridging, wherein the ridge width is 1.3m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 65cm; after ridging is finished, drainage ditches are arranged around the ridging machine, and the drainage ditches are 0.17m wide and 0.40m deep; digging a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge forming, and applying 350 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 90 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres (preparation example 3) as base fertilizers;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corns and oat seeds, wherein the corn seeds are soaked in the corn seed soaking solution (preparation example 8) for 6.5 hours, and the oat seeds are soaked in the oat seed soaking solution (preparation example 1) for 1.5 hours; standby;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of oat by 1 line of corn; controlling the corn hole distance to be 35cm, and dibbling 4 corn seeds in each hole; the hole distance of the oat is controlled to be 25cm, and 3 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
S5, field management: after the corns and the oats grow out, respectively applying a proper corn compound fertilizer (preparation example 13) and a proper oat compound fertilizer (preparation example 13), and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Example 4
A corn oat (barley) transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, insolating, harrowing, ridging, wherein the ridge width is 1.4m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 67cm; after ridging is finished, drainage ditches are arranged around the ridging machine, and the drainage ditches are 0.17m wide and 0.41m deep; digging a fertilizing ditch at the center of the ridge, and applying 450 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 95 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres (preparation example 4) as base fertilizers;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corns and oat seeds, wherein the corn seeds are soaked in the corn seed soaking solution (preparation example 9) for 6.7 hours, and the oat seeds are soaked in the oat seed soaking solution (preparation example 9) for 1.8 hours; standby;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of oat by 1 line of corn; controlling the hole distance of the corn to be 38cm, and dibbling 4 corn seeds in each hole; the hole distance of the oat is controlled to be 28cm, and 3 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
S5, field management: after the corn seedlings and the oat seedlings emerge, respectively applying a proper corn compound fertilizer (preparation example 14) and a proper oat compound fertilizer (preparation example 14), and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Example 5
A corn oat (barley) transparent and linear interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, insolating, harrowing, ridging, wherein the ridge width is 1.5m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 70cm; after ridging is finished, drainage ditches are arranged around the ridging machine, and the drainage ditches are 0.18m wide and 0.42m deep; digging a fertilizing ditch at the center of the ridge, and applying 500 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 100 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres (preparation example 5) as base fertilizers;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corn and oat seeds, wherein the soaking time of the corn seeds in the corn seed soaking solution (preparation example 10) is 7 hours, and the soaking time of the oat seeds in the oat seed soaking solution (preparation example 10) is 2 hours; standby;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of oat by 1 line of corn; controlling the corn hole distance to be 40cm, and dibbling 4 corn seeds in each hole; the hole distance of the oat is controlled to be 30cm, and 3 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
S5, field management: after the corn and the oat seedlings emerge, respectively applying a proper corn compound fertilizer (preparation example 15) and an appropriate oat compound fertilizer (preparation example 15), and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
Embodiment 6 provides a corn barley transparent and linear interplanting planting method.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is only that: replacing oat seeds with barley seeds.
In order to verify the corn oat (barley) transparent and linear interplanting planting method provided by the invention, the obtained corn, oat and barley yields are provided with comparative examples 1-5, wherein:
comparative example 1
Comparative example 1, like example 1, differs only in that: no controlled release fertilizer microspheres are added.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2, like example 1, differs only in that: the corn seeds and oat seeds were not subjected to a pre-soaking treatment.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3, like example 1, differs only in that: the compound fertilizer is used for both the corn compound fertilizer and the oat compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4, like example 1, differs only in that: only corn is planted.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5, like example 1, differs only in that: only oats were grown.
Wherein, the following result parameters were obtained by examining the through and linear interplanting planting method of corn and oat (barley) prepared in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-5 of the present invention, respectively, and the following results were obtained, and are specifically shown in table 1.
Table 1:
| corn (kg/hm) 2 ) | Oat/barley (kg/hm) 2 ) | |
| Example 1 | 12111.3 | 2215.6 |
| Example 2 | 13293.7 | 2314.6 |
| Example 3 | 14349.9 | 2456.1 |
| Example 4 | 14534.6 | 2563.2 |
| Example 5 | 15674.5 | 2660.1 |
| Example 6 | 11023.9 | 2452/1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 10010.4 | 1567.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 11956.5 | 2012.3 |
| Comparative example 3 | 11073.6 | 1874.3 |
| Comparative example 4 | 9967.3 | -- |
| Comparative example 5 | -- | 1298.5 |
As can be seen from the data shown in table 1 above: the yields of corn, oat and barley obtained in examples 1-6 of the present invention were much higher than in comparative examples 1-5.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing several embodiments of the present invention, and it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments and modifications, and all equivalent variations of the invention may be adopted by those skilled in the art by reading the present specification and are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting soil with deep and loose soil, fertile soil, slightly high topography and good drainage from a slope land with sunny topography;
s2, soil preparation: deeply turning the loam, insolating, raking up the broken soil, ridging, forming drainage ditches at the periphery after ridging is finished, excavating a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridging, and applying base fertilizer;
s3, seed pretreatment: selecting high-quality corn and oat seeds, and respectively soaking the corn seeds and the oat seeds before planting for later use;
s4, planting: adopting a linear arrangement mode, interplanting 1 line of corns and 1 line of oats in a 1 line mode, scattering corn seeds in corn seed holes, and scattering oat seeds in oat seed holes;
s5, field management: after the corn and the oat seedlings emerge, respectively applying proper corn compound fertilizer and proper oat compound fertilizer, and performing corresponding field management;
s6, harvesting: harvesting when the corn bracts are dry and white; after the oats are ripe, the oats are mechanically harvested, threshed and dried in the sun in time.
2. The corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the ridge width is 1-1.5m, and the distance between adjacent ridges is 60-70cm; the size of the drainage ditch is 0.15-0.18m wide and 0.35-0.42m deep.
3. The corn oat through and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises: 250-500 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 80-100 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer microspheres.
4. The corn oat through and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 3, wherein the controlled release fertilizer microspheres sequentially comprise from inside to outside: the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer, the first coating layer, the bonding layer, the fertilizer layer, the bonding layer and the second coating layer;
the thickness ratio of the fertilizer layer to the bonding layer to the first coating layer to the bonding layer to the fertilizer layer to the second coating layer is (1-1.5) to 0.1 (0.1-0.2) to 0.1 (0.6-0.8) to 0.1 (0.1-0.2).
5. The corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20 to 40 percent of steel slag phosphate fertilizer, 30 to 50 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 to 30 percent of fly ash and 5 to 10 percent of polyvinyl alcohol;
the first coating layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-70% of polylactic acid, 5-10% of chitosan and 20-45% of corn starch;
the second coating layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-80% of polylactic acid, 8-20% of chitosan and 5-35% of corn starch.
6. The corn oat through-line interplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the soaking time of the corn seeds is 6-7 hours, and the soaking time of the oat seeds is 1-2 hours.
7. The corn oat through and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 6, wherein the corn seed soaking solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of water naphthylacetic acid, 6-8 parts of triacontanol, 3-6 parts of anthocyanin, 1-4 parts of glutamine and 10-20 parts of water:
the oat seed soaking solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of fulvic acid, 3-6 parts of anthocyanin, 3-5 parts of asparagine and 10-20 parts of water.
8. The corn oat through and linear interplanting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the corn hole distance is controlled to be 30-40cm, and 3-4 corn seeds are dibbled in each hole; the hole distance of the oat is controlled to be 20-30cm, and 2-3 oat seeds are dibbled in each hole.
9. The corn oat transparent and linear interplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein the corn compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of hematite, 10-15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of sodium polylysine, 4-5 parts of sodium alginate, 6-8 parts of boxwood leaves and 23-25 parts of cow dung;
the oat compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of peanut shells, 5-8 parts of seaweed powder and 16-18 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus.
10. The corn oat through-line interplanting method of claim 1, wherein oat seeds are replaced by barley seeds.
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