CN115353419A - Aerobic composting method - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides an aerobic composting method, and belongs to the technical field of aerobic composting. The invention provides a method for synergistically fermenting high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste and poultry breeding wastewater based on aerobic composting by utilizing the characteristics of high carbon and low nitrogen of the agricultural and forestry waste and the characteristics of high nitrogen and low carbon of the poultry breeding wastewater according to the contradiction between proper C/N and water vapor for degrading organic matters by microorganisms in the aerobic composting. The invention realizes the dynamic process regulation and control of the quick-acting carbon/quick-acting nitrogen of the aerobic compost according to the release rate difference of the quick-acting carbon and the quick-acting nitrogen in the aerobic compost. Compared with the solid-liquid manure synergistic digestion technology which simply aims at proper water content, the method can efficiently realize the synergistic utilization of solid-liquid wastes, further shorten the composting decomposition time, reduce the emission of carbon and nitrogen greenhouse gases, improve the quality of decomposed composts, and obviously improve the digestion amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerobic composting, and particularly relates to an aerobic composting method.
Background
The livestock and poultry breeding wastewater mainly comprises urine, residual excrement, feed residues, flushing water and the like, and has the characteristics of concentrated wastewater discharge, large discharge amount, complex organic pollution components, high concentration, high content of suspended matters, imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio, pathogenic bacteria contained in the wastewater, high treatment difficulty and the like. Therefore, the high-concentration and high-organic wastewater is directly discharged or flushed with rainwater into the environment, so that the soil, rivers and the atmosphere are seriously polluted, and the human living environment and the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding are seriously damaged. At present, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater treatment methods mainly comprise a physical method, a chemical method, a biological method and the like, and the methods are technically oriented to remove pollutants in wastewater, take standard discharge as a treatment target, and have the advantages of low efficiency, long treatment time and high cost. Some researchers turn the treatment of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater from the aspect of removing pollutants in the wastewater to the utilization of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, for example, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is firstly subjected to anaerobic fermentation to kill pathogenic bacteria and degrade organic matters, and then the anaerobic fermentation liquor is returned to the field for utilization. Although the method effectively reduces the treatment cost of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, the anaerobic fermentation liquid of the large-scale farm can not be completely absorbed by the surrounding land generally, and the long-distance transportation becomes an important limiting factor for the expansion of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater fermentation liquid. Therefore, the technical method for recycling the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is developed according to the characteristics of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and has important significance for realizing the rapid consumption of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater and the sustainable development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.
The high-carbon agricultural and forestry wastes such as corn stalks, corncobs, plant branches and the like have the characteristics of high yield, strong reproducibility and multiple varieties. Aerobic composting is an important mode for resource utilization of organic solid wastes, has low cost, can kill pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds, can realize humus conversion of the organic solid wastes, and becomes one of common modes for resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes. Research shows that the C/N condition for aerobic composting suitable for quick fermentation is 25, however, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the agricultural and forestry wastes is high, and the C/N of wheat straws, corn cobs and straws is respectively more than 96, 88 and 58, so that the aerobic composting taking the high-carbon agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials needs to be added with an additional nitrogen source for proper C/N regulation. At present, agricultural and forestry wastes are often mixed with organic solid wastes with low carbon-nitrogen ratio, such as livestock manure and the like, so that the treatment capacity of the agricultural and forestry wastes is limited to a certain extent, researchers improve the C/N condition of a pile by adding high-nitrogen chemical additives, such as urea and the like, so that the treatment cost is increased, secondary pollution is easily caused, and therefore, the search for other high-nitrogen additives suitable for agricultural and forestry waste composting is very necessary.
The COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is generally 8-10, and belongs to high-nitrogen organic wastewater, and N in the wastewater is mainly in a quick-acting state and is a good backup nitrogen source for aerobic composting. But at present, few reports are made on the research on the synergic composting of the agricultural and forestry wastes and the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. Patent CN108203317A introduces a livestock and poultry manure and cultivation waste water cooperative absorption technology, patent CN 207671944U discloses an aerobic composting-based two-stage cooperative absorption system for livestock and poultry solid-liquid manure, and the two methods are to spray quantitative livestock and poultry cultivation waste water into a livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting pile according to the difference between the appropriate moisture content of the aerobic composting and the actual moisture content of the pile in combination with the change of the weight of the pile, so that the cooperative absorption of the two manure is realized. Although the two methods realize the reuse of the wastewater in the aerobic composting, the two methods still have obvious disadvantages which are expressed in two aspects:
on one hand, under the method, the aerobic composting efficiency and the nitrogen-containing gas emission reduction effect are limited. The method takes the proper water content (65%) of the aerobic composting as a regulation target, and does not consider the more critical factor of degrading organic matters by microorganisms, namely the proper carbon-nitrogen ratio in the aerobic composting process. Although the method uses poultry excrement as an aerobic composting raw material and uses high-carbon agricultural and forestry wastes (such as corncobs, sawdust and the like) as composting auxiliary materials to regulate and control the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio (25-30) of an aerobic composting body, the change of the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the aerobic composting process is not considered, and the change of the release efficiency of available quick-acting carbon and quick-acting nitrogen available to microorganisms in the aerobic composting process is not considered. The livestock and poultry breeding wastewater and the livestock and poultry manure have similar carbon-nitrogen ratio characteristics, namely low carbon and high nitrogen, under the condition that a quick-acting carbon source is difficult to quickly release, the addition of the high-nitrogen livestock and poultry breeding wastewater further aggravates the reduction condition of the pile quick-acting carbon/quick-acting nitrogen, so that the risk of the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gas is increased, the propagation activity of aerobic composting microorganisms and the efficiency of organic matter degradation activity are limited, and the further improvement of the aerobic composting efficiency is influenced.
On the other hand, the method takes the improvement of the aerobic composting efficiency as a main technical goal and takes the waste water consumption as a secondary goal. The method takes high-temperature synergistic measures (such as forced ventilation, forced turning and the like) and heat generated by microorganisms in the composting process as main power sources for absorbing the wastewater, takes water evaporation as a main absorption form, and takes the livestock and poultry manure with high moisture content as the composting raw material in the method, so that the aerobic compost body is difficult to absorb a large amount of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aerobic composting method, which can improve the aerobic composting efficiency and the consumption of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
The invention provides an aerobic composting method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing agricultural and forestry wastes with livestock and poultry breeding wastewater to obtain a compost body, and carrying out aerobic composting on the compost body;
C/N of the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 40; the COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is less than or equal to 15;
the initial water content of the pile body is 50-70%;
the ratio of the initial water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the pile body is 25;
in the aerobic composting process, when the ratio of water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the compost is more than 30, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is supplemented in the compost until the ratio of the water-soluble carbon to the water-soluble nitrogen is 25 and the water content is 50-70%.
Preferably, the particle size of the agricultural and forestry waste is 1-1000 nm.
Preferably, when the content of the crude fiber of the agricultural and forestry waste is more than or equal to 30 percent, the method further comprises the step of pretreating the agricultural and forestry waste before mixing the agricultural and forestry waste with the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; the pretreatment comprises one or more of steam evaporation, pyrolysis and addition of functional bacteria.
Preferably, the functional microbial inoculum comprises a mesophilic microbial inoculum and/or a thermophilic microbial inoculum.
Preferably, when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are 1, the addition amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by adopting a formula shown in formula 1;
in the formula 1, m is the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in the aerobic composting process, and the unit is kg; m is the actual mass of the compost in kg in the aerobic composting process; c p The unit is g/kg of the content of the fast-acting carbon in the pile body; n is a radical of hydrogen p The content of the quick-acting nitrogen in the aerobic compost is g/kg; c 1 The unit is g/kg of the total carbon content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; n is a radical of 1 The unit is g/kg of the Total Nitrogen (TN) content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
Preferably, when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are more than 2, the addition amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by adopting a formula shown in a formula 2;
m 1 (C 1 -25N 1 )+m 2 (C 2 -25N 2 )+...m n (C n -25N n )＝25MN p -MC p formula 2;
in the formula 2, M is the actual mass of the pile body and is kg; m is n The unit of the supplementary amount of the nth livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in the composting process is kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c n The unit of the total carbon content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; n is a radical of hydrogen n The unit of the total nitrogen content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c p The unit is g/kg of the content of the quick-acting carbon of the aerobic pile; n is a radical of p The unit is g/kg of the content of quick-acting nitrogen planted in the aerobic compost.
Preferably, in the aerobic composting process, ventilation is carried out in the compost body, and the ventilation rate is 2-40L/min.
Preferably, the ambient temperature of the aerobic compost is 50-90 ℃.
The invention provides an aerobic composting method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing agricultural and forestry wastes with livestock and poultry breeding wastewater to obtain a pile body, and carrying out aerobic composting on the pile body; C/N of the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 40; the COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is less than or equal to 15; the initial water content of the pile body is 50-70%; the ratio of the initial water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the pile body is 25; in the aerobic composting process, when the ratio of water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the compost is more than 30, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is supplemented in the compost until the ratio of the water-soluble carbon to the water-soluble nitrogen is 25 and the water content is 50-70%. The COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is 8-10 generally, the C/N of the agricultural and forestry waste is more than 50 generally, and the difference exists between the two C/N. The invention takes the ratio and the water content of water-soluble carbon and water-soluble nitrogen as the basis, and utilizes the characteristics of agriculture and forestry wastes of high carbon and low nitrogen (C/N is more than or equal to 40), the characteristics of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater of high nitrogen and low carbon (COD/N is less than or equal to 15) and the difference of the release rates of the quick-acting carbon and the quick-acting nitrogen of the two materials to regulate the ratio of the water-soluble carbon and the water-soluble nitrogen of the pile body to 25, which is favorable for aerobic composting microorganisms to carry out degradation activities and can realize the synergistic and efficient utilization of the agriculture and forestry wastes and the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. The characteristics of high carbon, low nitrogen and low water content of the high carbon forestry and agricultural residues determine the high requirements on moisture and nitrogen in the aerobic composting of the high carbon forestry and agricultural residues, so that compared with the solid-liquid manure synergistic composting, the method disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the consumption of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. The consumption of the waste water of each ton of high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste compost can reach 1.5-2.2 t, and the large amount of reduction of the livestock and poultry breeding waste water can be effectively realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows DOC/DON variation during co-composting of corncobs and high-nitrogen aquaculture wastewater;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing temperature changes during the synergistic composting process of corncobs and high-nitrogen aquaculture wastewater;
FIG. 3 shows the amount of wastewater added during the co-composting process of corncobs and high-nitrogen aquaculture wastewater.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aerobic composting method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing agricultural and forestry wastes with livestock and poultry breeding wastewater to obtain a pile body, and carrying out aerobic composting on the pile body;
C/N of the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 40; the COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is less than or equal to 15;
the initial water content of the pile body is 50-70%;
the ratio of the initial water soluble carbon to water soluble nitrogen of the pile body is 25;
in the aerobic composting process, when the ratio of water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the compost is more than 30, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is supplemented in the compost until the ratio of the water-soluble carbon to the water-soluble nitrogen is 25 and the water content is 50-70%.
In the present invention, the initial moisture content of the pack is preferably 55% to 65%, more preferably 60%.
The invention provides a method for synergistically fermenting high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste and poultry breeding wastewater based on aerobic composting by utilizing the characteristics of high carbon and low nitrogen of the agricultural and forestry waste and the characteristics of high nitrogen and low carbon of the poultry breeding wastewater according to the contradiction between proper C/N and water vapor for degrading organic matters by microorganisms in the aerobic composting. The invention realizes the dynamic process regulation and control of the quick-acting carbon/quick-acting nitrogen of the aerobic compost according to the release rate difference of the quick-acting carbon and the quick-acting nitrogen in the aerobic compost. Compared with the solid-liquid manure synergistic digestion technology which simply aims at proper water content, the method can efficiently realize the synergistic utilization of the solid-liquid wastes, further shorten the composting decomposition time, reduce the emission of carbon and nitrogen greenhouse gases, improve the quality of the decomposed compost and obviously improve the digestion amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
The invention takes available quick-acting carbon (water-soluble carbon) and quick-acting nitrogen (water-soluble nitrogen) of microorganisms in aerobic compost as main technical regulation and control indexes, and in the specific implementation process, the difference between the suitable quick-acting carbon-nitrogen ratio of microorganisms degrading organic matters in the aerobic compost and the actual quick-acting carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pile body and the difference between the suitable water content of the aerobic compost and the actual water content of the aerobic pile body are taken as regulation and control standards.
In the present invention, the particle size of the agricultural and forestry waste is preferably 1 to 1000nm, and more preferably 5 to 100nm. The particle size is beneficial to improving the release efficiency of quick-acting carbon and nitrogen of the agricultural and forestry waste.
When the content of the crude fiber of the agricultural and forestry waste is more than or equal to 30 percent, the invention preferably also comprises the step of pretreating the agricultural and forestry waste before mixing the agricultural and forestry waste with the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; in the present invention, the crude fiber includes lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose; the pretreatment preferably comprises one or more of steam, pyrolysis and addition of functional bacteria. In the present invention, the functional microbial inoculum includes a mesophilic microbial inoculum and/or a thermophilic microbial inoculum. In the invention, the pretreatment is beneficial to the release of the quick-acting carbon (water-soluble carbon) of the agricultural and forestry waste. In the present invention, the ratio of soluble carbon to soluble nitrogen of the agricultural and forestry waste after the pretreatment is preferably > 40.
In the invention, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is wastewater obtained after solid-liquid separation in the livestock and poultry farm, and is preferably mixed solution containing flushing water and livestock and poultry urine; the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are preferably more than or equal to 1, and more preferably 2-5; the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater preferably comprises live pig breeding wastewater; the types of the agricultural and forestry waste are preferably more than or equal to 1, and more preferably 2-10; the agricultural and forestry waste preferably comprises one or more of corn stalks, corncobs and plant branches.
In the invention, when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are 1, the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by adopting a formula shown in a formula 1;
in the formula 1, m is the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in kg during the aerobic composting process; m is the actual mass of the compost in kg in the aerobic composting process; c p The unit is g/kg of the content of the fast-acting carbon in the pile body; n is a radical of p The unit is the content of quick-acting nitrogen in the aerobic compost, and the unit is g/kg; c 1 The unit is the total carbon content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and is g/kg; n is a radical of 1 The unit is g/kg of Total Nitrogen (TN) content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
In the invention, when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are more than 2, the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by adopting a formula shown in a formula 2;
m 1 (C 1 -25N 1 )+m 2 (C 2 -25N 2 )+...m n (C n -25N n )＝25MN p -MC p formula 2;
in the formula 2, M is the actual mass of the pile body and is kg; m is n The unit of the supplementary amount of the nth livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in the composting process is kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c n The unit of the total carbon content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; n is a radical of n The unit of the total nitrogen content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c p The unit of the content of the quick-acting carbon of the aerobic pile is g/kg; n is a radical of p The unit is g/kg of the content of quick-acting nitrogen planted in the aerobic compost.
In the invention, the actual mass of the pile body is preferably calculated by adopting a formula shown in a formula 3;
m = wV formula 3;
in the formula 3, M is the actual mass of the pile body and the unit is kg; w is the bulk volume weight in kg/m 3 (ii) a V is the volume of the stack in m 3 。
In the aerobic composting process, the invention preferably further comprises ventilation in the heap, the ventilation beingPreferably at a rate of 2 to 40m 3 Min; the temperature of the ventilation is preferably 30 ℃, and the time of each ventilation is preferably 5-10 min.
In the present invention, the ambient temperature of the aerobic compost is preferably 50 to 90 ℃, more preferably 60 to 80 ℃, and more preferably 70 ℃. The temperature condition is realized by adding a heat preservation measure, and the temperature condition is favorable for improving the release rate of the quick-acting carbon nitrogen of the aerobic composting raw material.
According to the invention, the high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste aerobic compost is used for absorbing the high-nitrogen livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, one treatment process is used for treating two kinds of waste simultaneously, and the cooperative treatment of different wastes is realized, so that the separate wastewater treatment process is saved, and the labor cost, the time cost and the material cost are saved; meanwhile, the process is simple in link, simple and convenient to operate, low in power dependence and low in operation cost.
According to the optimal carbon and nitrogen demand principle of aerobic composting microbial degradation activity, the invention realizes the synergistic utilization of the high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste and the high-nitrogen livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by utilizing the carbon and nitrogen content difference of the high-nitrogen agricultural and forestry waste and the high-nitrogen livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. The characteristics of high carbon, low nitrogen and low water content of the high carbon forestry and agricultural residues determine the high requirements for water and nitrogen in the aerobic composting of the high carbon forestry and agricultural residues, so that compared with the solid-liquid manure synergistic composting, the method disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the consumption of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. The consumption of the waste water of each ton of high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste compost can reach 1.5-2.2 t, and the large amount of reduction of the livestock and poultry breeding waste water can be effectively realized. Meanwhile, the high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste has high yield, and is cheap and easy to obtain.
According to the invention, a carbon-nitrogen ratio configuration method mainly based on simple initial regulation in the traditional compost is changed, and the rapid-acting nitrogen is subjected to procedural dynamic supplementation according to the release characteristics of the rapid-acting carbon and the rapid-acting nitrogen of compost raw materials (high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste), so that the problem of imbalance of the rapid-acting carbon-nitrogen ratio caused by different degradation difficulty degrees of organic materials is solved. Therefore, the emission of greenhouse gases containing carbon and nitrogen is effectively reduced, and the nutrient substances of the decomposed compost are improved.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method of aerobic composting according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A forced aerobic composting bin is used for carrying out composting experiments, the composting bin is a rectangular bin body, the specification in the bin body is 1500mm, 1000mm and 1000mm, a ventilation pipe is distributed at the bottom, a main air distribution pipe is 1500mm long and 80mm in diameter, and a side air pipe and a main air pipe are vertically distributed and are 40mm in pipe diameter. The aerobic reactor body adopts forced turning, a shower head and a low-pressure water pump are used for manufacturing waste water spraying equipment, and the maximum outlet pressure value of the low-pressure water pump is 0.44MPa.
Selecting 50kg of corncobs as high-carbon agricultural and forestry wastes as aerobic composting raw materials, wherein the length of the corncobs is about 10cm, the length of the corncobs after crushing pretreatment is 3cm, and selecting the live pig breeding wastewater after solid-liquid separation as high-nitrogen supplementary water for the aerobic composting.
The indexes of the corncobs and the selected pig breeding wastewater are as follows:
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical indices of corncobs
TABLE 2 basic physicochemical indexes of wastewater from pig breeding
Starting aerobic composting: the pretreated corncobs are placed in a bin body, 39L of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is uniformly mixed with 50kg of corncobs, and the bin body is covered for one day, so that the corncobs are fully saturated in water absorption. After one day of capping, the water content of the corn cob stack body is about 50 percent, and the available carbon/available nitrogen (DOC/DON) is 11. After the stacking of the stack is finished, the same processing parameters as CN108203317A are adopted: introducing hot air at 30 deg.C for 10min at a speed of 2.0m 3 Min; after turning and spraying, introducing hot air for 5min at 30 deg.C and at a rate of2.0m 3 /min。
And (3) composting process: and monitoring the temperature, water-soluble carbon and water-soluble nitrogen of the compost in the composting process. When high-nitrogen livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is supplemented, turning is carried out, and water is uniformly sprayed. The changes in water-soluble carbon/water-soluble nitrogen, temperature and amount of added water during composting are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, respectively.
Experiments show that after the aerobic compost is started, DOC/DON (shown in figure 1) in the aerobic compost is rapidly increased to be more than 30, which shows that the quick-acting carbon source in the compost material is rapidly released, and the temperature is also rapidly increased to 70 ℃ (shown in figure 2). The successful start of aerobic composting is demonstrated. In the aerobic composting process, the high-nitrogen wastewater is added for 6 times, and 103.5L of wastewater is consumed (as shown in figure 3), namely under the experimental condition, at least 2000L of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater can be consumed by 1 ton of aerobic heaps taking corncobs as raw materials, and the reduction of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is effectively realized.
Comparative example 1
Aerobic composting is carried out by adopting a solid-liquid manure synergistic digestion method which takes proper water content as a regulation and control target in the patent CN108203317A,
the comparative effect of example 1 with comparative example 1 is seen in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of unit effects of different aerobic composting based livestock and poultry breeding wastewater utilization technologies
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of aerobic composting comprising the steps of:
mixing agricultural and forestry wastes with livestock and poultry breeding wastewater to obtain a pile body, and carrying out aerobic composting on the pile body;
C/N of the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 40; the COD/N of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is less than or equal to 15;
the initial water content of the pile is 50-70%;
the ratio of the initial water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the pile body is 25;
in the aerobic composting process, when the ratio of water-soluble carbon to water-soluble nitrogen of the compost is more than 30, the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is supplemented in the compost until the ratio of the water-soluble carbon to the water-soluble nitrogen is 25 and the water content is 50-70%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the agricultural and forestry waste is 1 to 1000nm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the content of crude fiber of the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 30%, the method further comprises pretreating the agricultural and forestry waste before mixing the agricultural and forestry waste with the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; the pretreatment comprises one or more of steam evaporation, pyrolysis and addition of functional bacteria.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functional microbial inoculum comprises a mesophilic microbial inoculum and/or a thermophilic microbial inoculum.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are 1, the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by a formula shown in formula 1;
in the formula 1, m is the supplement amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in kg during the aerobic composting process; m is the actual mass of the compost in kg in the aerobic composting process; c p The unit is g/kg, and the content of the fast-acting carbon in the pile body is shown in the specification; n is a radical of p The aerobic compost is planted with the content of available nitrogenThe bit is g/kg; c 1 The unit is g/kg of the total carbon content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; n is a radical of 1 The unit is g/kg of the total nitrogen content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the types of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are more than 2, the addition amount of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is calculated by adopting a formula shown in formula 2;
m 1 (C 1 -25N 1 )+m 2 (C 2 -25N 2 )+...m n (C n -25N n )＝25MN p -MC p formula 2;
in the formula 2, M is the actual mass of the pile body and is kg; m is n The unit of the supplementary amount of the nth livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in the composting process is kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c n The unit of the total carbon content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; n is a radical of n The unit of the total nitrogen content in the nth breeding wastewater is g/kg, and n =1,2,3 … …; c p The unit is g/kg of the content of the quick-acting carbon of the aerobic pile; n is a radical of p The unit is the content of quick-acting nitrogen in the aerobic compost, and the unit is g/kg.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising ventilation in the compost body during the aerobic composting, wherein the ventilation is at a rate of 2 to 40L/min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerobic composting is at an ambient temperature of 50 to 90 ℃.
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| GB202306328D0 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
| GB2616532B (en) | 2024-03-06 |
| GB2616532A (en) | 2023-09-13 |
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