CN101125768A - Method for carrying kitchen remains aerobic compost keeping nitrogen by using Mg and P composite salt - Google Patents
Method for carrying kitchen remains aerobic compost keeping nitrogen by using Mg and P composite salt Download PDFInfo
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- CN101125768A CN101125768A CNA2007101202941A CN200710120294A CN101125768A CN 101125768 A CN101125768 A CN 101125768A CN A2007101202941 A CNA2007101202941 A CN A2007101202941A CN 200710120294 A CN200710120294 A CN 200710120294A CN 101125768 A CN101125768 A CN 101125768A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of kitchen refuse aerobic composting and nitrogen protecting by applying Mg, P mixed salt and pertains to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment. Mg, P mixed salt is added into simulate kitchen refuse consisting of potatoes, rice, carrots, tree leaves, meat, beans and inoculation soil, under atmospheric conditions, the temperature of the composting system is maintained to be not more than 70 DEG C to do composting treatment of simulate kitchen refuse and turn over the pile in due time during the composting process. After synthesizing and being compared NH4+-N and organic contents in the composting products with Mg, P compound salt and without Mg, P compound salt, fixed ratio of NH4+-N of composting product is improved 20-60 percent, through applying Mg, P compound salt, not only the composting effect and stability of the composting products can be improved, but also the degradation rate and degradation degree of the organic substances can be enhance to a certain extent, thus realizing the reducing quantity and reclamation of the kitchen refuse.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic solid waste processing technology field, relate to the method that a kind of using Mg, P composite salt carry out kitchen excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen.
Background technology
Raising along with the human life quality, the quantity of kitchen excess is also in surge, owing to its moisture and the very high municipal wastes that is different from of organic content, rot easily and the generation stench, to existent environment of people with healthyly produced direct harm, become big public hazards of society, therefore, be necessary the processing of kitchen excess is studied.
Have for kitchen surplus processing or disposal options both at home and abroad at present: directly discharging can cause environmental pollution, and easy transmission of disease; Landfill method is used more extensive, but the percolate that produces behind the landfill is more, the meeting polluted underground water; High temperature aerobic composting is handled, and the processing cycle is short, organic matter degradation degree height, and pathogenic microbe killing effectively, but its hot environment is wayward; Pulverize the kitchen excess through apparatus for disposing of food waste, directly enter water drain, or transpiring moisture makes its minimizing, reduce the volume of rubbish from cooking, or resource utilization, utilize bacterium or earthworm to promote organic decomposition, product is made fertilizer; Feedization is classified earlier to rubbish from cooking, and after the higher rubbish from cooking of nutritive ingredient was passed through a series of relevant technical finesses, as the additive of animal-feed, but rotten kitchen excess can not carry out resource utilization as fodder additives; Relatively Chang Yong biological treatment is generally anaerobically fermenting system biogas and aerobic compost, can utilize the biogas of generation, power generation and heat supply, but the investment of anaerobically fermenting system biogas technology is bigger, the processing cost of compost method is lower, technology is simple, handles the technology of kitchen excess based on aerobic compost in China.
Organic content is abundant in the excess of kitchen, nitrogen content height, aerobic compost be exactly to the kitchen surplus in biodegradable organism part biodegrade, and make it stabilization, innoxious and resource utilization.In composting process, an important factor is how to reduce the loss of nitrogen element, stabilize and increase the content of nitrogen element in the fertilizer, be the key factor that improves the surplus compost effect in kitchen, guarantees fertilizer efficiency, also reduce because bad smell and the pollution on the environment that the release of ammonia causes simultaneously.
In composting process, carbon/nitrogen ratio, temperature, stirring intensity and ventilation rate are the several important factors that influence the compost effect, and it is necessary controlling and optimizing above-mentioned factor.According to research,, still have of the form loss (rate of loss reach 50%-60%) of higher nitrogen element with gaseous ammonia, nitrogen or oxynitride although above-mentioned Several Factors is controlled and optimized.There is research to think that interpolation sawdust, leaf, dried horsehit, peat, zeolite etc. can improve compost environment, strengthen the windrow structure, absorb redundant moisture, increase porosity as fixing agent, for compost microbe is built a good growing environment, improve the nitrogen fixation rate, strengthen the compost effect.Take above-mentioned measure not significantly effect aspect the loss that reduces nitrogen but also there is research to think.Therefore how really to reduce the loss of nitrogen in the surplus composting process in kitchen, strengthen the nitrogen fixation effect, improving the product fertilizer efficiency is the problem that a desired value must be studied and solve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the method that a kind of using Mg, P composite salt carry out kitchen excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen.Utilize Mg, P composite salt as fixing agent, can minimizing and harmless treatment kitchen excess, can improve the fertilizer efficiency of the nitrogen of compost product simultaneously again.It is characterized in that by adding a certain amount of Mg, P composite salt, (main component is MgNH can to form struvite in the compost product
4PO
46H
2O), reduce the loss of nitrogen, strengthened the same tailor-made usefulness of nitrogen in the composting process.Struvite solubleness is very low, contains nitrogen, two kinds of nutritive elements of phosphorus, itself is a kind of good slow-release fertilizer, thereby reaches the efficient resourceization of kitchen waste compost.
The present invention realizes the foregoing invention purpose by the following technical solutions:
1) the simulation kitchen waste compost is handled
(1) in the compost reaction container of packing into by the simulation kitchen excess of potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution, adds Mg, P composite salt solution then.
(2) load onto the reaction container lid, ventilate from the reaction container bottom, speed is 3L/min, can satisfy required oxygen in the compost reaction, can regulate humidity in the reactor and temperature again, open the waste pipe at reaction container top and the percolate delivery pipe of bottom simultaneously, and prevent the accumulation of percolate, the former state sample is got in compost reaction beginning.
(3) after compost began, per 6 hours sample thiefs once carried out turning every day totally four times simultaneously, and the time of each sample thief is identical, and the compost reaction continues 24 days.
2) NH in the compost sample
4 +The mensuration of-N
NH in the compost sample
4 +The content of-N adopts distillation method to measure.
3) effect test
The compost product NH of compost product when Mg, P composite salt are arranged when analyzing no Mg, P composite salt
4 +-N fixed rate.Show that by contrast Mg, P composite salt can not only improve the degradation of organic matter degree, the more important thing is in composting process, to form struvite, thereby improved the fertilizer efficiency of compost product.
Carbon-nitrogen ratio C in the excess of described simulation kitchen: N=16: 1 (mass ratio).
Described Mg, P composite salt are followed successively by K
3PO
4-MgSO
4, K
2HPO
4-MgSO
4, KH
2PO
4-MgSO
4Three kinds of composite salt.
Described three kinds of Mg, P composite salt and water solvent mass ratio are followed successively by 0.734,0.673,0.612.
The mass ratio of described addition that adds Mg, P composite salt solution in the excess of kitchen and kitchen excess is for being followed successively by 0.121,0.117,0.113.
Temperature in the described compost reactor is to control the pneumatics pump operation automatically by top temperature control meter, bottom temperature control meter, carries out ventilation and regulates.
Described using Mg, P composite salt are carried out the device of kitchen excess high-rate composting, its composition is that composting material 2 is housed in reaction container 1, top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4 insert composting material 2 central authorities, the bottom of reaction container 1 is provided with air-spreading disk 14, percolate delivery line 5 is installed in the bucket of reaction container 1 at the end, and waste gas duct 13 is drawn the back from reaction bung 12 and inserted in the collection trap of band oxygen monitoring device 7 by the conduit that passes suitable for reading that a valve inserts ammonia collecting trap 8, ammonia collecting trap 8; Condenser 6 is enclosed within and inserts on the oxygen monitoring device 7 conduit peripheries; Air flowmeter 9 is connected on the fresh air ingress pipe 11 of bottom of reaction container 1; Pneumatics pump 10 is connected on air flowmeter 9 back.
Positively effect of the present invention:, compare K with the contrast experiment through 24 days compost treatment
3PO
4-MgSO
4, K
2HPO
4-MgSO
4, KH
2PO
4-MgSO
4The adding of three kinds of composite salt, NH in the compost product
4 +-N fixed rate has improved 55.44%, 34.39% and 19.54% successively, composting process has not only improved the stability of organic palliating degradation degree and compost product, and strengthened the nitrogen fixation effect, and improved the fertilizer efficiency of compost product, realized the minimizing and the resource utilization of kitchen excess.
In sum, using Mg, P composite salt compost treatment kitchen excess relatively have following advantage with the method for compost treatment kitchen excess in the past:
(1) using Mg, P composite salt compost treatment kitchen excess have improved the degradation of organic matter rate, can form struvite, have strengthened the nitrogen fixation effect, have reduced the loss of gaseous ammonia, NH in the compost product
4 +-N content significantly increases, and has improved the utility value of compost product in agricultural.
(2) using Mg, P salt compost treatment kitchen excess have been saved the energy, have realized the minimizing and the resource utilization of solid waste again, thereby have had very high practicality and using value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 compositing system synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Ammonia-nitrogen content comparison diagram in Fig. 2 composting production.
Organic content comparison diagram in Fig. 3 composting production.
Embodiment
Blank assay: (C: N=16: 1) 10kg packs in the compost reaction container 1 by the simulation kitchen excess of potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution, pneumatics pump 10 provides air capacity 3L/min, to guarantee the humidity and the temperature (≤70 ℃) of reaction container, this compositing system internal conditions is by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carry out ventilation and regulate, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle experiment.Get the former state sample when compost begins, later on every 6 hours sample thiefs once, carry out turning simultaneously every day totally 4 times, the time of each sample thief is identical, and the compost reaction continues 24 days, reaches steady state.NH in the working sample
4 +-N content.
The contrast experiment 1: will be by the simulation kitchen excess (C: N=16: during 1) 10kg packs compost reaction container 1 into, add a certain proportion of Mg, P composite salt (K of potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution
3PO
4-MgSO
4) solution 1210g, pneumatics pump 10 provides air capacity 3L/min, to guarantee the humidity and the temperature (≤70 ℃) of reaction container, this compositing system internal conditions is by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carry out ventilation and regulate, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle experiment.Get the former state sample when compost begins, every 6 hours sample thiefs once carry out turning simultaneously later every day every day totally 4 times, and the time of each sample thief is identical, and the compost reaction continues 24 days, reaches steady state.NH in the working sample
4 +-N content.Percolate is by percolate delivery line 5 guiding systems, and fresh air enters system by fresh air ingress pipe 11 through pneumatics pump 10, air flowmeter 9 and a control valve, and waste gas is discharged by the waste gas duct on the reaction container lid 12 13.
The contrast experiment 2: by the simulation kitchen excess (C: N=16: during 1) 10kg packs the compost reaction container into, add a certain proportion of Mg, P composite salt (K of potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution
2HPO
4-MgSO
4) solution 1170g, pneumatics pump 10 provides air capacity 3L/min, to guarantee the humidity and the temperature (≤70 ℃) of reaction container, this compositing system internal conditions is by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carry out ventilation and regulate, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle experiment.Get the former state sample when compost begins, every 6 hours sample thiefs once carry out turning simultaneously later every day every day totally 4 times, and the time of each sample thief is identical, and the compost reaction continues 24 days, reaches steady state.NH in the working sample
4 +-N content.Percolate is by percolate delivery line 5 guiding systems, and fresh air enters system by fresh air ingress pipe 11 through pneumatics pump 10, air flowmeter 9 and a control valve, and waste gas is discharged by the waste gas duct on the reaction container lid 12 13.
The contrast experiment 3: by the simulation kitchen excess (C: N=16: during 1) 10kg packs the compost reaction container into, add a certain proportion of Mg, P composite salt (KH of potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution
2PO
4-MgSO
4) solution 1130g, pneumatics pump 10 provides air capacity 3L/min, to guarantee the humidity and the temperature (≤70 ℃) of reaction container, this compositing system internal conditions is by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carry out ventilation and regulate, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle experiment.Get the former state sample when compost begins, every 6 hours sample thiefs once carry out turning simultaneously later every day every day totally 4 times, and the time of each sample thief is identical, and the compost reaction continues 24 days, reaches steady state.NH in the working sample
4 +-N content.Percolate is by percolate delivery line 5 guiding systems, and fresh air enters system by fresh air ingress pipe 11 through pneumatics pump 10, air flowmeter 9 and a control valve, and waste gas is discharged by the waste gas duct on the reaction container lid 12 13.
As shown in Figure 2: as can be seen from the figure, when the compost reaction tends towards stability state, the kitchen waste compost process of using Mg, P composite salt, obviously the ammonia-nitrogen content than blank sample is low for ammonia-nitrogen content in the composting production.Through 24 days compost treatment, NH in the compost product
4 +-N content is reduced to 44.56%, 63.61% and 80.46% of contrast experiment's ammonia-nitrogen content respectively, in other words, compares K with blank assay
3PO
4-MgSO
4, K
2HPO
4-MgSO
4And KH
2PO
4-MgSO
4The adding of three kinds of composite salt, NH in the compost product
4 +-N fixed rate has improved 55.44%, 34.39% and 19.54% successively, and composting process has not only improved the stability of compost product, and has improved the fertilizer efficiency of compost product again greatly.
As shown in Figure 3: as can be seen from the figure, when the compost reaction is in steady state, the kitchen waste compost of using Mg, P composite salt was through 24 days compost treatment, compare with blank assay, organic matter degradation speed has improved 16.17% and 9.78% respectively in contrast experiment 1, the contrast experiment's 2 compost products, and the organic matter degradation degree has then reduced by 8.80% in contrast experiment's 3 compost products.
By above-mentioned contrast, in simulation kitchen excess by potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution, add a certain proportion of Mg, P composite salt, under certain ventilation condition, keep compositing system to be in the room temp condition, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle, and carry out turning in good time in composting process.NH in the compost product when compost product was with no Mg, P composite salt when analysis had Mg, P composite salt
4 +-N and organic content are by contrast, NH in the compost product
4 +-N fixed rate has improved 20～60%, and discovery using Mg, P composite salt not only can improve the fertilizer efficiency of composting production and improve the stability of compost product, and can improve degradation of organic matter speed and palliating degradation degree to a certain extent.The minimizing and the resource utilization of kitchen excess have been realized.
Claims (8)
1. a using Mg, P composite salt are carried out the method for kitchen excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen, it is characterized in that in simulation kitchen excess, adding Mg, P composite salt solution by potato, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution, under ventilation condition, keep the compositing system temperature to be no more than 70 ℃, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle, and in composting process, in time carry out turning.
2. the method for kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen is characterized in that the carbon-nitrogen ratio C of described simulation kitchen excess raw material: N=16: 1.
3. kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen method is characterized in that adding three kinds of Mg, P composite salt and is followed successively by K in the excess of kitchen
3PO
4-MgSO
4, K
2HPO
4-MgSO
4And KH
2PO
4-MgSO
4
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described kitchen excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen methods, it is characterized in that Mg, P composite salt and water solvent mass ratio are followed successively by 0.734,0.673 and 0.612 in described Mg, the P composite salt solution.
5. kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen method is characterized in that the addition of Mg, P composite salt solution and the mass ratio of kitchen excess are followed successively by 0.121,0.117 and 0.113.
6. kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen method is characterized in that ventilation is 3L/min.
7. kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen method is characterized in that adding and can form struvite after Mg, the P composite salt (main component is MgNH
4PO
46H
2O), can reduce the loss of nitrogen element significantly, improve guarantor's nitrogen rate.
8. kitchen according to claim 1 excess aerobic compost keeping nitrogen method is characterized in that compost reaction container bottom is provided with pressurized air gatherer, air-spreading disk and percolate delivery line, and its top is provided with the waste gas delivery line.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102249746A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-11-23 | 华北电力大学 | Device and method for two-stage kitchen residue aerobic composting |
| CN102408259A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-04-11 | 华北电力大学 | Solid waste co-composting stepwise regulation and control system and method |
| CN102432348A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| CN101337842B (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2012-07-04 | 华北电力大学 | Method for promoting microbial activity in kitchen waste compost by sodium acetate |
| CN110157747A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | A kind of method of kitchen garbage processing and resource utilization |
| CN111393219A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Microbial fermented liquid fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN112174757A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-05 | 广东石油化工学院 | Ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112194530A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-08 | 广东石油化工学院 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from banana straws, stems and leaves |
| CN112341272A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-09 | 广东石油化工学院 | Ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer based on mushroom dregs and preparation method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-08-15 CN CNA2007101202941A patent/CN101125768A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101337842B (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2012-07-04 | 华北电力大学 | Method for promoting microbial activity in kitchen waste compost by sodium acetate |
| CN102249746A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-11-23 | 华北电力大学 | Device and method for two-stage kitchen residue aerobic composting |
| CN102249746B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-10-23 | 华北电力大学 | Device and method for two-stage kitchen residue aerobic composting |
| CN102408259A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-04-11 | 华北电力大学 | Solid waste co-composting stepwise regulation and control system and method |
| CN102408259B (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-07-31 | 华北电力大学 | Solid waste co-composting stepwise regulation and control system and method |
| CN102432348A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| CN102432348B (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2014-10-08 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| CN110157747A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | A kind of method of kitchen garbage processing and resource utilization |
| CN111393219A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Microbial fermented liquid fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN112174757A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-05 | 广东石油化工学院 | Ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112194530A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-08 | 广东石油化工学院 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from banana straws, stems and leaves |
| CN112341272A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-09 | 广东石油化工学院 | Ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer based on mushroom dregs and preparation method thereof |
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