CN112174757A - Ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry waste resource utilization, and particularly discloses an ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises pretreatment of banana stems and leaves and mushroom dregs, composting and granulation, the raw materials are wide in source, low in cost and simple in preparation method, and agricultural and forestry wastes, namely the banana stems and leaves and the mushroom dregs, are recycled, so that the environmental pollution is avoided; and substances such as growth hormone, antibiotics, heavy metals and the like introduced by adding livestock excrement such as animal excrement, urine and the like are avoided in the fermentation process; by adding magnesium chloride (MgCl)2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) Forming magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitate in the fertilizer to fix ammonium nitrogen therein,the loss of the N element is prevented, and the nutritive value of the compost is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry waste resource utilization, in particular to an ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, banana production in china has increased from 629 ten thousand tons in 2005 to 1165.57 ten thousand tons in 2019. The banana stems, stems and leaves are main byproducts in banana production, and have the characteristics of high acre yield, high water content, easy decay and the like. Currently, after banana harvesting, banana trees are cut down to facilitate the growth of new banana trees, and therefore a large amount of banana stems and leaves are produced. The banana stems and leaves are large in size, difficult to move and high in cellulose content, and are difficult to decompose in a short time, so that the banana stems and leaves can be discarded in the field and can be naturally rotted, and a small part of the banana stems and leaves can be directly discarded to rivers; the banana stems and leaves can generate odor in the rotting process, and some banana stems and leaves have pathogenic microorganisms which can cause the infection of banana gardens, so that great environmental pollution and hidden production danger exist.
The cultivation raw material of the edible fungi mainly comprises plant straws, broad-leaved tree sawdust, cottonseed hulls and the like, wherein the cultivation raw material contains a large amount of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other components, macromolecular nutrients are generally difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, the edible fungi can generate a large amount of complex enzymes for decomposing the cellulose and the hemicellulose, peroxidase and laccase for degrading the lignin in the growth and propagation process of the edible fungi on a culture material rich in the cellulose, and the hemicellulose, the cellulose and the lignin in the crop straws or the sawdust can be decomposed into glucose, ketone compounds and the like for the growth and propagation of the mycelium of the edible fungi. The solid waste left after the production of the edible fungi is collectively called fungi residues. Although part of nutrients in the mushroom dregs are absorbed and utilized by hyphae, the mushroom dregs contain organic acid, saccharides, enzymes, bioactive substances, abundant proteins and other nutrient components, and meanwhile, a large number of living hyphae distributed in the mushroom dregs can also be used as efficient nutrients for plants, so the mushroom dregs are good organic matter sources for the growth of various crops. However, the edible fungi residues are not effectively utilized, the traditional method for treating the fungi residues is combustion or direct discarding, and the combustion can only rapidly obtain about 10 percent of heat energy, so that the unreasonable utilization of biomass is realized. At present, most of the treatment of the fungus dregs in China is natural stacking, and the fungus cultivation waste contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the biological and environmental resources are greatly wasted by simple discarding; but also causes serious environmental pollution, causes microorganism breeding and disease transmission, thereby causing serious influence on the health of nearby residents.
The banana stems and leaves contain rich organic matters, N, P, K and other nutrient elements, are high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials, and have rich sources and low cost; the mushroom dregs not only contain active substances such as various microorganisms and enzymes, but also contain a large amount of nutrient substances, organic matters, and nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In view of this, the banana stems and leaves and the edible fungus residues are used as main raw materials to prepare the fertilizer, so that the soil nutrient can be improved through cyclic utilization, the nutrient optimization is realized, the plant growth is promoted, and the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by applying a large amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
At present, in the research of agricultural and forestry wastes, animal wastes such as animal wastes and urine are mostly added for composting, however, the animal wastes and urine often contain substances such as growth hormone, antibiotics and heavy metals, and when the substances are used as organic fertilizers and applied to farmlands, the substances finally enter human bodies through plants and harm the health of the human bodies. Therefore, the reasonable utilization of the waste resources such as banana stems and leaves and edible fungus residues to produce information compost products is the key point of the current technical research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer containing magnesium ammonium phosphate and a preparation method thereof, the method utilizes banana stem leaves and fungus residues to produce a compost product containing magnesium ammonium phosphate, and the method has the advantages of wide raw material source, low price and simple processAnd (3) singly. The use of livestock excrement such as animal excrement, urine and the like is avoided, and further growth hormone, antibiotics, heavy metals and the like for the livestock are prevented from being introduced into soil and absorbed by crops; by adding magnesium chloride (MgCl)2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitates are formed in the compost to fix ammonium nitrogen in the compost, so that loss of N elements is prevented, and the nutritive value of the compost is effectively improved. The banana stems and leaves and the mushroom dregs are used as main raw materials to prepare the fertilizer, so that the soil nutrient can be improved by cyclic utilization, the nutrient is optimized, the growth of plants is promoted, and the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a fertilizer containing ammonium magnesium phosphate, which comprises the following steps:
respectively pretreating banana stems and leaves and mushroom dregs, uniformly mixing to obtain a main composting material, adding urea to adjust C/N, adding a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting, and crushing, granulating and drying fermented materials to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer.
As further optimization of the invention, the pretreatment processes of the banana stems, leaves and mushroom dregs are respectively as follows: crushing banana stems and leaves to a length of 1-2 cm, and drying until the water content is 50-60 wt%; crushing the mushroom dregs to a length of less than 0.5cm, and drying until the water content is 50-55 wt%.
As a further optimization of the invention, the carbon content of the dry matter in the banana stem and leaf is 35 wt% -50 wt%, and the nitrogen content is 0.7 wt% -1.0 wt%; the carbon content of dry substances in the fungus residues is 40-55 wt%, and the nitrogen content is 1.2-2.0 wt%.
As further optimization of the invention, urea is added to adjust the C/N ratio to be 20-25; the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the monopotassium phosphate in the mixed aqueous solution of the magnesium chloride and the monopotassium phosphate to the N in the dry matter of the main material of the compost is (0.15-0.2): 1; the composite microbial inoculum is added according to 3-5% of the weight of the main materials of the compost.
As a further optimization of the invention, the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the mixed aqueous solution of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1: 1.
As a further optimization of the invention, the compound microbial inoculum is mainly a compound strain, brown sugar and rice bran matrix mixing agent, and the specific method comprises the steps of adding 1-2 wt% of the compound strain and the brown sugar into the rice bran matrix respectively, adding 30-35 wt% of clear water, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 4-10 days; the composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the saccharomycetes, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is (1.5-2) to (1-1.5). Brown sugar provides energy for the strain, promoting its rapid activation.
As a further optimization of the invention, the fermentation process comprises the steps of filling the mixture into a composting barrel to form a pile body, adjusting the initial water content of the pile body to be 60 wt%, turning the pile body for 1 time every 5-7 days, maintaining the water content of the pile body to be 50-60 wt%, piling for 25-30 days, and after-ripening for 10-15 days.
As a further optimization of the invention, the fermented material is crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve.
As a further optimization of the invention, the granulation is carried out by adding a binder, the binder is added according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 0.25kg/L, and the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; granulating by a granulator to obtain wet granules, and drying to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
As a further optimization of the invention, the mushroom dregs are at least one of pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs and flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs.
The invention also provides the ammonium phosphate magnesium-containing fertilizer produced by the preparation method.
In the composting process of banana stems and leaves and mushroom dregs, N is lost in the form of ammonia, so that the compost product has low N content and poor quality. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH)4PO4·6H2O) as a chemical precipitate with high contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, is a very clean product, and contains Mg in the system2+、NH4+And PO4 3-MgNH is generated4PO4·6H2And (4) precipitating O. Thereby reducing NH in the compost4+The magnesium ammonium phosphate is fixed to achieve the dual purposes of removing pollution and recycling resources.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention has the advantages that: the banana stems and leaves and the mushroom dregs are used as main raw materials to prepare the fertilizer, so that the soil nutrient can be improved by cyclic utilization, the nutrient is optimized, the growth of plants is promoted, and the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced. And substances such as growth hormone, antibiotics, heavy metals and the like introduced by adding livestock excrement such as animal excrement, urine and the like in the composting process are avoided. The water content of the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer prepared by the invention is 10-15 wt%, and the nitrogen content is 2-3.4 wt%. By adding magnesium chloride (MgCl)2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitates are formed in the compost to fix ammonium nitrogen in the compost, so that loss of N element is prevented, and the nutritional value of the fertilizer is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: the banana tree after the banana is harvested is cut down from the bottom end of 0.2m, banana stem leaves are separated, the banana stem is cut into 4 parts, the treated banana stem is obtained, the treated banana stem and banana leaves are mixed and crushed to be 1cm in length, and the mixture is paved on a dry cement pavement and naturally dried until the water content is 50 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.4cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 55 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in the step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 20. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.15:0.15: 1. Then adding 4 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain compost mixture, and mixing the compostThe compost is loaded into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost every 5 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be about 60 wt%, piling for 30 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 30 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the magnesium ammonium phosphate-containing granular fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains 14.8 wt% of water and 2.7 wt% of nitrogen, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Example 2
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: cutting down the banana tree after harvesting bananas from the bottom end of 0.2m, separating banana stems and leaves, splitting the banana stems into 4 parts to obtain the treated banana stems, mixing the treated banana stems and banana leaves, crushing the mixture to the length of 2cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 60 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.2cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 50 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 22. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.16:0.16: 1. Then adding 3 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of a composite strain and a rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60%. Turning the compost every 7 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be 55%, piling for 25 days, and after-ripening for 12 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 2: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1.5 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1.5 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 32 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days. (3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains 13.9 wt% of water and 2.9 wt% of nitrogen, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Example 3
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: cutting down the banana tree bunch bottom end 0.2m after harvesting bananas, separating banana stem leaves, splitting the banana stem into 4 parts to obtain the treated banana stem, mixing the treated banana stem and banana leaves, crushing to the length of 1cm, paving on a dry cement pavement and naturally drying to the water content of 55 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.1cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 52 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 25. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.17:0.17: 1. Then adding 5 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of a composite strain and a rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost for 1 time every 6 days, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be 50 wt%, piling for 27 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 2: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 2 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 2 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 35 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains water in 12.5 wt% and nitrogen in 2.5 wt%, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Example 4
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: the banana tree after the banana is harvested is cut down from the bottom end of 0.2m, banana stem leaves are separated, the banana stem is cut into 4 parts, the treated banana stem is obtained, the treated banana stem and banana leaves are mixed and crushed to be 1cm in length, and the mixture is paved on a dry cement pavement and naturally dried until the water content is 50 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.4cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 55 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in the step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 20. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.18:0.18: 1. Then adding 4 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost every 5 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be about 60 wt%, piling for 30 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 30 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 4 days.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the magnesium ammonium phosphate-containing granular fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains 14.5 wt% of water and 2.6 wt% of nitrogen, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Example 5
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: cutting down the banana tree after harvesting bananas from the bottom end of 0.2m, separating banana stems and leaves, splitting the banana stems into 4 parts to obtain the treated banana stems, mixing the treated banana stems and banana leaves, crushing the mixture to the length of 2cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 60 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.2cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 50 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 22. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.19:0.19: 1. Then adding 3 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of a composite strain and a rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost every 7 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of 55 wt% of the compost body, piling for 25 days, and after-ripening for 12 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 2: 1.5. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1.5 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1.5 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 32 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 10 days.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating with a granulator, and drying the wet granules at 50 deg.C to obtain ammonium phosphateA magnesium fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains 14.0 wt% of water and 2.9 wt% of nitrogen, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Example 6
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: cutting down the banana tree bunch bottom end 0.2m after harvesting bananas, separating banana stem leaves, splitting the banana stem into 4 parts to obtain the treated banana stem, mixing the treated banana stem and banana leaves, crushing to the length of 1cm, paving on a dry cement pavement and naturally drying to the water content of 55 wt% for later use. Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungi residues and needle mushroom fungi residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.1cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 52 wt%. Uniformly mixing the pretreated banana stems and leaves and the pretreated mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:1 for later use, thus obtaining the main compost material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 25. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.2:0.2: 1. Then adding 5 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of a composite strain and a rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost for 1 time every 6 days, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be 50 wt%, piling for 27 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 2: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 2 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 2 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 35 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate fertilizer contains 12.8 wt% of water and 2.6 wt% of nitrogen, and contains MgNH4PO4·6H2And (4) O crystals.
Comparative example 1
(1) Pretreatment of compost materials: cutting down the banana tree after harvesting bananas from the bottom end of 0.2m, separating banana stems and leaves, splitting the banana stems into 4 parts to obtain the treated banana stems, mixing the treated banana stems and banana leaves, crushing the mixture to the length of 1cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 50 wt% for later use to obtain the compost main material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in the step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 20. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.15:0.15: 1. Then adding 4 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of a composite strain and a rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost every 5 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be about 60 wt%, piling for 30 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 30 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days. (3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the finished fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
(1) Mixing pleurotus eryngii fungus residues and needle mushroom fungus residues according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mechanically crushing the mixture to the length of 0.4cm, paving the mixture on a dry cement pavement, and naturally drying the mixture until the water content is 55 wt% for later use to obtain a main composting material.
(2) Composting: adding urea into the main composting material obtained in the step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio to 20. Adding magnesium chloride (MgCl) into the main material of compost2·6H2O) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) And mixing the aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the aqueous solution to the N in the dry matter of the main composting material is 0.15:0.15: 1. Then adding 4 wt% of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the EM composting bacteria is a mixture of composite strains and rice bran matrix. Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compost mixture, and filling the compost mixture into a compost bucket. The initial water content of the stack was adjusted to 60 wt%. Turning the compost every 5 days for 1 time, maintaining the water content of the compost body to be about 60 wt%, piling for 30 days, and after-ripening for 10 days. The compound microbial inoculum is a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and rice bran matrix. The composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1. The specific mixing method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding 1 wt% of composite microbial stock solution and 1 wt% of brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, and then adding 30 wt% of clear water. Mixing, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days. (3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(3) And (3) crushing the mixture subjected to composting in the step (2) and sieving the crushed mixture with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed fertilizer.
(4) Uniformly mixing the decomposed fertilizer obtained in the step (3) with a binder, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8%; adding 250ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass fraction of 8% into each 1kg of decomposed fertilizer; granulating by a granulator, and drying the obtained wet granules at 50 ℃ to obtain the finished fertilizer.
Effect verification:
potting experiments were carried out using the organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and commercial organic fertilizers 1 to 2, and the experiments were carried out with 11 treatments: a (example 1); b (example 2); c (example 3); d (example 4); e (example 6); f (example 6); g (comparative example 1); h (comparative example 2); i (a commercial organic fertilizer 1: the main fermentation raw material is zizania latifolia leaves, and the fermentation microbial inoculum is mainly prepared by fermenting bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and the like); j (commercial organic fertilizer 2, the fermentation raw material is mainly rice straw, and the fermentation microbial inoculum is mainly fermented by bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and the like); k (blank control). Each treatment was set to 2 parallel treatments, for a total of 22 treatments, each treatment being randomly distributed. The experimental flowerpot is purchased from a flower market (soil can be filled by about 3kg), lettuce seeds (Guangzhou Xiangqi vegetable seeds Co., Ltd.) and 1 lettuce seedling is transplanted in each pot. And (3) treating A-J three days before transplanting the raw vegetable seedlings, respectively applying 35g of fertilizer to serve as a base fertilizer, and treating A-J30 days after transplanting, respectively applying 25g of fertilizer to serve as an additional base fertilizer. Treatment H was a blank control without fertilization. 50 days after the lettuce is sowed, picking and weighing, and calculating the average value of each treatment. Watering and pest control are carried out on all plots according to a conventional method.
The yields of each treatment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 yields of different treatments
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the ammonium phosphate magnesium-containing fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: respectively pretreating banana stems and leaves and mushroom dregs, uniformly mixing to obtain a main composting material, adding urea to adjust C/N, adding a mixed solution of magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting, and crushing, granulating and drying fermented materials to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate-containing fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the ammonium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment processes of the banana stem leaves and the mushroom dregs are as follows: crushing banana stems and leaves to a length of 1-2 cm, and drying until the water content is 50-60 wt%; crushing the mushroom dregs to a length of less than 0.5cm, and drying until the water content is 50-55 wt%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein urea is added to adjust the C/N ratio to 20-25;
the molar ratio of the magnesium chloride and the monopotassium phosphate in the mixed aqueous solution of the magnesium chloride and the monopotassium phosphate to the N in the dry matter of the main material of the compost is (0.15-0.2): 1; the composite microbial inoculum is added according to 3-5% of the weight of the main materials of the compost.
4. The method for preparing the ammonium phosphate magnesium fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial inoculum is mainly a mixture of compound strains, brown sugar and a rice bran matrix, and the specific method comprises adding 1 wt% -2 wt% of each of the compound strains and the brown sugar into the rice bran matrix, adding 30 wt% -35 wt% of clear water, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 4-10 days;
the composite strain contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes, wherein the ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the saccharomycetes, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes is (1.5-2) to (1-1.5).
5. The method for preparing the ammonium phosphate magnesium fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation process comprises the steps of filling the mixture into a composting barrel to form a heap, adjusting the initial moisture content of the heap to 60 wt%, turning the heap every 5-7 days for 1 time, maintaining the moisture content of the heap 50-60 wt%, and composting for 25-30 days and after-ripening for 10-15 days.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermented material is crushed and passed through a 50 mesh sieve.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the granulation is carried out by adding a binder, the binder is added according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 0.25kg/L, and the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 8%; granulating by a granulator to obtain wet granules, and drying to obtain the ammonium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom dregs are at least one of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs and Flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs.
9. An ammoniomagnesium phosphate containing fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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