CN101337842B - Method for promoting microbial activity in kitchen waste compost by sodium acetate - Google Patents
Method for promoting microbial activity in kitchen waste compost by sodium acetate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101337842B CN101337842B CN2008101188281A CN200810118828A CN101337842B CN 101337842 B CN101337842 B CN 101337842B CN 2008101188281 A CN2008101188281 A CN 2008101188281A CN 200810118828 A CN200810118828 A CN 200810118828A CN 101337842 B CN101337842 B CN 101337842B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing the activity of microorganism in kitchen waste compost by using sodium acetate in the technical field of organic waste treatment. An analog kitchen waste is composed of potatoes, rice, carrots, leaves, meat, soybeans and inoculated soil. Under a certain ventilation condition, a composting system is kept under an indoor temperature condition to carry out analog kitchen waste composting treatment. In the fifth and the ninth days after composting, proper amounts of samples are selected respectively, an organic acid and salt or an alkali are added into the samples to compare the samples, and the analysis result shows that the addition of the organic acid has significant effect on suppressing the activity of the microorganism. However, the addition of the sodium acetate serves as a buffer solution to control the pH value in a range suitable for the movement of the microorganism in the composting process. The method can remarkably improve the activity of the microorganism, and is beneficial to accelerating the composting process, shortening the composting period and achieving the amount reduction of organic matters in the composting process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic waste processing technology field, what relate to is a kind of method of utilizing sodium-acetate to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost.
Technical background
In recent years, the raising day by day of Along with people's standard of living and the increase of global population, the output of rubbish from cooking presents tangible rising tendency.According to statistics, the annual domestic waste that produces in the whole world is about 50,000,000,000 tons at present, and wherein rubbish from cooking accounts for 10%-20% wherein.Be prone to fermentation, rotten, characteristic such as rot because rubbish from cooking has, not only produce a large amount of toxin, distribute foul gas, go back polluted-water and atmosphere, as not handling effectively or dispose, rubbish from cooking will become a harm greatly of environment.
At present, the major technique of handling the kitchen excess has: directly discharging, and this method causes environmental pollution, and helps transmission of disease; Landfill, it is more extensive that this method is used, and the percolate that produces behind the landfill is more, the meeting polluted underground water; High temperature aerobic composting is handled, and the processing cycle is short, and the organic matter degradation degree is high, pathogenic microbe killing effectively, but its hot environment is wayward; Pulverize the kitchen excess through apparatus for disposing of food waste, directly enter water drain, or, make moisture evaporation, reduce the volume of rubbish from cooking again to kitchen excess minimizing, or resource utilization, utilize bacterium or earthworm to promote organic decomposition, product is made fertilizer; Feedization is classified earlier to rubbish from cooking, and after the higher kitchen excess of nutritive ingredient passed through a series of relevant technical finesses, as the additive of animal-feed, but rotten kitchen excess can not carry out resource utilization as fodder additives; Utilize the biogas that produces, power generation and heat supply; Biological process can make rubbish from cooking minimizing, innoxious and resource utilization.Biological treatment relatively more commonly used is generally compost and anaerobically fermenting system biogas.The processing cost of compost method is lower, technology is simple, and the investment of anaerobically fermenting system biogas technology is bigger, and the technology of handling the kitchen excess in China is main with compost.
In composting process, water ratio, oxygen level, temperature, C/N ratio, pH value etc. are the several important factors that influence the compost effect, and it is necessary controlling and optimizing above-mentioned factor.The water ratio of windrow is low excessively, is unfavorable for microbial growth; Water ratio is too high, then can stop up the space in the windrow, and influence is ventilated, and reduces heap body oxygen level, causes anaerobically fermenting, moisture what should with guarantee biochemical reaction effectively, stable being as the criterion.The scope that the oxygen level of heap body generally remains on 5%-15% is more suitable, and oxygen level is lower than the movable required concentration limit of microbial biochemical, will cause anaerobically fermenting to produce stench; Oxygen level is too high when reducing heap temperature, causes the large number of viable of pathogeny bacterium.And in the composting process, heap temperature should be controlled between 45-65 ℃.Temperature surpasses 60 ℃, will be to the movable restraining effect that produces of microbial growth.Composting is an exothermic process, if do not add control, temperature can reach 75-80 ℃, and the too high meeting of temperature consumes organic matter excessively, and reduces the composting production quality.Therefore, the normal way controlled temperature that adopts the adjustment ventilation.If the C/N ratio is too high, and mikrobe is owing to nitrogen hunger, and growth is restricted, and organic matter degradation rate slows down, thereby prolongs the compost time; If the C/N ratio is low excessively, and then composting process produces ammonia, not only influences environment, and causes the loss of nutriment in a fertilizer nitrogen, causes the composting production downgrade.It is more suitable that general C/N ratio is controlled between the 20/1-30/1.
The pH value is the another important factor in order of composting process.Owing to produce organic acid, pH is decreased in the composting process, still along with the carrying out of compost, organic acid can further be decomposed into CO
2And H
2O, the pH value can rise again.The pH value of general microorganism growth speed is best at 7-8.It is neutral that mud is usually, and pH value is generally between 6-9, and subacidity or the neutral environment suitable activity condition of mikrobe just, the pH value does not generally need to adjust when therefore carrying out sludge composting; But for garbage compost, relevant research shows that compost is controlled the pH value in early days can significantly improve speed of reaction about 8, can greatly shorten compost and reach a high temperature the required time, thereby can avoid because the bad-smell problem that causes is stagnated in the compost reaction because of pH.With regard to kitchen waste compost, also do not appear in the newspapers through the method that adjusting pH value is controlled the kitchen waste compost process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of method of utilizing sodium-acetate (NaAc) to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost.It is characterized in that the said sodium-acetate that utilizes promotes that the method for microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost is in composting process, to utilize sodium acetate soln as buffered soln pH value of compost to be regulated, concrete steps are following:
1) the simulation kitchen waste compost is handled
(1) will be by the simulation kitchen excess of yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution by 5: 8: 2: 8: 8: 2: 8 part by weight be packed in the compost reaction container;
(2) load onto the reaction container lid, ventilate from the reaction container bottom, speed is 0.4-0.6L/min, opens the waste pipe at reaction container top and the percolate delivery pipe of bottom simultaneously, compost is under room temp and the aerobic environment, and prevents the accumulation of percolate; Keep compositing system to be in the room temp condition, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle, and carry out turning in good time in composting process;
(3) respectively the 5th day of compost and sampling in the 9th day;
2) effect test
In the compost of the 5th day and the 9th day sampling, press 0.3-0.7mmol/50g respectively and add organic acid or press 0.3-0.7mmol/50g adding salt or alkali respectively, the variation of analysis microorganism active under different situations respectively; Show that through contrast organic acid plays the effect of microbiostatic activity at composting process, and the NaAc that adds has played obvious facilitation to microorganism active.
3) compost sample is measured
(1) mensuration of the microbe colony number in the compost sample adopts the method for plate culture count
And represent the influence degree of the microorganism active of organic acid or salt pair composting process with supressor:
P
IF-supressor;
α-in compost sample adds microbial numbers after acid or the salt;
Microbial numbers in β-former compost sample.
(2) the pH value is measured with pH meter in the compost sample
Said in compost sample, add organic acid be in acetate, butyric acid, lactic acid and the propionic acid one or more.
Saidly in compost sample, add salt or alkali is K
3PO
4, Na
2CO
3, NaAc and Ca (OH)
2In a kind of.
C/N ratio C in the excess of said simulation kitchen: N=17: 1 (mass ratio).
Said sodium-acetate: water=0.004%-0.02%.
Said amount and the kitchen excess mass ratio that in the excess of kitchen, adds sodium-acetate is 1: 12500-1: 2500.
Temperature in the said compost reactor is to control the pneumatics pump operation automatically by top temperature control meter, bottom temperature control meter, carries out ventilation and regulates.
The said device that utilizes sodium-acetate to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost; Its composition is that composting material 2 is housed in reaction container 1; Top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4 insert composting material 2 central authorities; The bottom of reaction container 1 is provided with air-spreading disk 14, and percolate delivery line 5 is installed in the bucket of reaction container 1 at the end, and waste gas duct 13 is drawn the back from reaction bung 12 and inserted in the collection trap of band oxygen monitoring device 7 through the conduit that passes suitable for reading that a valve inserts ammonia collecting trap 8, ammonia collecting trap 8; Condensing surface 6 is enclosed within and inserts on the oxygen monitoring device 7 conduit peripheries; Air flowmeter 9 is connected on the fresh air ingress pipe 11 of bottom of reaction container 1; Pneumatics pump 10 is connected on air flowmeter 9 back.
Positively effect of the present invention:
Take a sample the 5th day and the 9th day of compost, compare the 5th and the 9th day with blank assay; After adding NaAc solution, the quantity of mesophile and thermophile bacteria obviously rises in the compost sample, and supressor is all greater than 1 (＞1.6); Explain that the adding of sodium-acetate plays the effect of buffered soln; Can make pH value in the composting process remain at the scope of suitable microbial activities, microorganism active obviously strengthens in the composting process, can shorten the compost cycle.
In sum, using NaAc handles the kitchen excess and with the method for compost treatment kitchen excess in the past its obvious advantage is arranged relatively:
(1) uses NaAc compost treatment kitchen excess, can effectively regulate in the suitable scope of pH value to microbial activities, thereby realize utilizing chemical means to reach the purpose of organic minimizing in the composting process.
(2) use NaAc compost treatment kitchen excess, can effectively improve microorganism active, accelerate the compost reaction, shorten the compost cycle.
In composting process, utilize sodium acetate soln pH value of compost to be regulated as buffered soln.This method can obviously improve microbic activity in the composting process, helps to quicken composting process, shortens the compost cycle,
Description of drawings
The compositing system synoptic diagram that Fig. 1 the present invention is adopted;
The influence of (the 5th day) organic acid and salt pair microorganism active in Fig. 2 composting process;
The influence of (the 9th day) organic acid and salt pair microorganism active in Fig. 3 composting process.
Embodiment
The present invention aims to provide a kind of method of utilizing sodium-acetate (NaAc) to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost.Through blank assay and contrast experiment the present invention is explained below.
Blank assay: (C: N=17: 1) 10kg packs in the compost reaction container 1 by the simulation kitchen excess of yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution; Under the rate of venting condition of the 0.4-0.6L/min that pneumatics pump 10 provides; The maintenance system is in the room temp condition; This compositing system is in the room temp condition by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carries out ventilation and regulates, and simulates kitchen waste compost and handles experiment.Microbe colony number in the working sample and pH value took a sample respectively the 5th day and the 9th day of composting process.
The contrast experiment 1: will (C: N=17: 1) 10kg packs in the compost reaction container 1 by the simulation kitchen excess of yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution; Under the rate of venting condition of the 0.4-0.6L/min that pneumatics pump 10 provides; Keep compositing system to be in the room temp condition; This compositing system is in the room temp condition by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, simulates kitchen waste compost and handles experiment.The 5th day sample thief in composting process, and in sample, press different ratios, various combination respectively and add four kinds of organic acids (acetate, butyric acid, lactic acid and propionic acid) and four kinds of salt or alkali (K
3PO
4, Na
2CO
3, NaAc and Ca (OH)
2), table 1 compost added the situation of organic acid and salt on the 5th day in sample, (concrete addition manner is seen table 1).Colony count in the working sample and pH value.
Table 1 compost added the situation of organic acid and salt on the 5th day in sample
Annotate: the amount of "+" expression adding organic acid etc. is 0.5mmol/50g; The amount of "-" expression adding organic acid etc. is 0.0mmol/50g.Effect is as shown in Figure 2.
The contrast experiment 2: (C: N=17: 1) 10kg packs in the compost reaction container by the simulation kitchen excess of yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution; Under the rate of venting condition of the 0.4-0.6L/min that pneumatics pump 10 provides; The maintenance system is in the room temp condition; This compositing system is in the room temp condition by control pneumatics pump 10 operations automatically of top temperature control meter 3, bottom temperature control meter 4, carries out ventilation and regulates, and simulates kitchen waste compost and handles experiment.The 9th day sample thief in composting process, and in sample, press different ratios, various combination respectively and add four kinds of organic acids (acetate, butyric acid, lactic acid and propionic acid) and four kinds of salt or alkali (K
3PO
4, Na
2CO
3, NaAc and Ca (OH)
2) (concrete addition manner is seen table 2), table 2 compost added the situation of organic acid and salt on the 9th day in sample.Microbe colony number in the working sample and pH value.
Table 2 compost added the situation of organic acid and salt on the 9th day in sample
Annotate: the amount of acid such as "+" expression adding is organic is 0.5mmol/50g; The amount of "-" expression adding organic acid etc. is 0.0mmol/50g.Effect such as as shown in Figure 3
Like Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3: with the blank assay contrast, in compost sample, add organic acid and cause the quantity of thermophile bacteria and mesophile obviously to descend, supressor explains that all less than 1 organic acid plays restraining effect to microorganism active in composting process; And, add K respectively the 5th and the 9th day of compost
3PO
4, Na
2CO
3And Ca (OH)
2Behind the solution, the different amts degree of thermophile bacteria and mesophile descends in the compost sample, and supressor is explained K all less than 1
3PO
4, Na
2CO
3And Ca (OH)
2Solution plays restraining effect to microorganism active in composting process; And after adding NaAc solution, the quantity of mesophile and thermophile bacteria obviously rises in the compost sample, and supressor is all greater than 1 (1.4-1.6); Explain that the adding of sodium-acetate (NaAc) plays the effect of buffered soln; Can make pH value in the composting process remain at the scope of suitable microbial activities, microorganism active obviously strengthens in the composting process, can shorten the compost cycle.
Simulation kitchen excess is by yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and inoculation soil constitution; Under certain ventilation condition; Keep compositing system to be in the room temp condition, simulate kitchen waste compost and handle, and carry out turning in good time in composting process.Took a sample at the 5th day and the 9th day, analyze and in sample, to add microbe colony number and pH changing conditions behind organic acid, salt or the alkali.Through above-mentioned contrast, find that organic acid and part salt, alkali have obvious restraining effect to microorganism active in the composting process; Can obviously improve the mesophile and the quantity of thermophile bacteria in the composting process and use sodium acetate soln, thereby improve microorganism active greatly, and then quicken the compost reaction, in the shortening compost cycle, realize the compost minimizing.
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing sodium-acetate to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost is characterized in that the concrete steps of said method are following:
1) the simulation kitchen waste compost is handled
(1) the simulation kitchen excess that will be made up of yam, rice, Radix Dauci Sativae, leaf, meat, soybean and the soil that is used for inoculating (chernozem) was with 5: 8: 2: 8: 8: 2: the 8 part by weight compost reaction container of packing into, wherein simulate the C/N ratio C in the excess of kitchen: N=17: 1 (mass ratio);
(2) load onto the reaction container lid, ventilate from the reaction container bottom, speed is 0.4-0.6L/min, opens the waste pipe at reaction container top and the percolate delivery pipe of bottom simultaneously, compost is under room temp and the aerobic environment, and prevents the accumulation of percolate;
(3) respectively the 5th day of compost and sampling in the 9th day;
2) effect test
In the compost of the 5th day and the 9th day sampling, add sodium-acetate (NaAc) respectively, the variation of microorganism active in the analysis composting process by the 0.3-0.7mmol/50g ratio; The sodium-acetate that shows interpolation through the contrast experiment has played obvious facilitation to microorganism active; Said sodium-acetate (NaAC) is for being dissolved in sodium-acetate (NaAC) solution of tap water, and the mass ratio of itself and tap water is 0.004wt%-0.02wt% ".
3) compost sample is measured
(1) mensuration of the microbe colony number in the compost sample adopts the method for plate culture count
And represent the influence degree of the microorganism active of organic acid or salt pair composting process with supressor:
P
IF-supressor;
α-in compost sample adds microbial numbers after acid or the salt;
Microbial numbers in β-former compost sample;
(2) the pH value is measured with pH meter in the compost sample.
2. according to the said method of utilizing sodium-acetate to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost of claim 1, it is characterized in that said amount and the kitchen excess mass ratio that in the excess of kitchen, adds sodium-acetate is 1: 12500-1: 2500.
3. according to the said method of utilizing sodium-acetate to promote microorganism active in the kitchen waste compost of claim 1, it is characterized in that the temperature in the said compost reactor is to control the pneumatics pump operation automatically by top temperature control meter, bottom temperature control meter, carry out ventilation and regulate.
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| CN101811893A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-08-25 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Treatment process for improving composting efficiency of domestic garbage |
| CN102432348B (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2014-10-08 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| CN105000925A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-28 | 中国农业大学 | Biogas residue combined aerobic composting method |
| CN115093254A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-23 | 安徽国祯环卫科技有限公司 | Method for reducing ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss in kitchen waste composting process by adding organic acid complexing agent |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1552842A (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-08 | 张文君 | Fermentation promotor with xanthumic acid as main component and its preparation and use |
| CN101033154A (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2007-09-12 | 华北电力大学 | Method and device for fast composting kitchen residual by catalytic decomposing agent |
| CN101125768A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2008-02-20 | 华北电力大学 | Method for carrying kitchen remains aerobic compost keeping nitrogen by using Mg and P composite salt |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1552842A (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-08 | 张文君 | Fermentation promotor with xanthumic acid as main component and its preparation and use |
| CN101033154A (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2007-09-12 | 华北电力大学 | Method and device for fast composting kitchen residual by catalytic decomposing agent |
| CN101125768A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2008-02-20 | 华北电力大学 | Method for carrying kitchen remains aerobic compost keeping nitrogen by using Mg and P composite salt |
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