CN105000925A - Biogas residue combined aerobic composting method - Google Patents
Biogas residue combined aerobic composting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105000925A CN105000925A CN201510399033.2A CN201510399033A CN105000925A CN 105000925 A CN105000925 A CN 105000925A CN 201510399033 A CN201510399033 A CN 201510399033A CN 105000925 A CN105000925 A CN 105000925A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biogas residue combined aerobic composting method which comprises the following steps: 1) regulating biogas residues and aerobic composting auxiliary materials according to the basic physical and chemical properties of the biogas residues and aerobic composting auxiliary materials to obtain a mixed material; and 2) carrying out compost treatment on the mixed material in the step 1) in a composting system to obtain compost. Based on a sensing and monitoring system, automatic optimization of ventilation and oxygen supply in the composting process is realized. The spatial gradient difference of a pile body is judged according to real-time acquired temperature and oxygen data for time and proper stirring, so that uniform gas distribution and fermentation are facilitated. The content of organic matters of the biogas is differentiated, different aerobic composting proportioning schemes are carried out hereby, and finally cyclic utilization of efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction of the biogas is realized by adopting the intelligent aerobic composting system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of natural pond slag associating aerobic compost method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of intensive livestock and poultry cultivation, feces of livestock and poultry is one of source of pollution becoming environment for human survival, are day by day subject to the close attention of people.In China's feces of livestock and poultry annual production, the ight soil that large-scale cultivation produces accounts for 40% of solid waste.A large amount of ight soil such as not treated being discharged in environment can cause the environmental problems such as stench.In addition, feces of livestock and poultry is also a kind of resource, if not Appropriate application in addition, not only can cause the secondary pollution of environment, also can cause a large amount of wastes of organic resources.Except feces of livestock and poultry, the natural pond slag produced after anaerobically fermenting is also the one of solid waste.Along with the development of China's biogas engineering, can there is the potential risk such as character instability, pathogenic bacterium propagation in the natural pond slag waste that annual generation is a large amount of if be directly applied in soil.
Aerobic compost is not only process and is dissolved the method for the organic wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry, is also that one can stablize natural pond slag, improves its performance, as the feasible method of excellent soil redeposition or catalyzer.Therefore, the feature that natural pond slag co composting can enrich by the easy degraded organic content of animal dung on the one hand drives the fermentation of natural pond slag, natural pond slag can be used as amendment use on the other hand, be conducive to ventilation oxygen supply, thus obtain at agriculturally more valuable, the finished product that have more marketability, realize the minimizing of waste, innoxious and resource utilization.
But different types of natural pond slag has different characteristics, particularly its organic content has bigger difference, for the difference of natural pond slag organic content, proposes rational proportioning parameter significant to raising organic waste Composite, resource utilization efficiency.In addition, aerobic composting process advocates forced ventilation, easily causes expending in a large number of the energy, nitrogenous, sulfocompound etc. is in a large number dispelled in air simultaneously, not only cause topsoil, also cause nutrient loss, also inhibits the decomposition of the difficult decomposed substances such as Mierocrystalline cellulose simultaneously.Therefore, provide material optimum oxygen concn, for guaranteeing that quality of compost products is significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of natural pond slag associating aerobic compost method.
Method provided by the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) according to the basic physicochemical property of natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material, natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material are modulated, obtains compound;
2) by step 1) in compound in compositing system, carry out compost treatment (aerobic fermentation), obtain compost.
In aforesaid method, step 1) in, the basic physicochemical property of described natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material is as follows: the indexs such as water ratio, carbon-nitrogen ratio, organic content.
Described modulation is carried out by the following method: quality of organic matter content is not less than to the natural pond slag of 65%, and with described natural pond slag for main raw material, described aerobic compost auxiliary material is agricultural crop straw, regulates carbon-nitrogen ratio by agricultural crop straw.
Organic content is less than to the natural pond slag of 65%, with described natural pond slag for main raw material, described aerobic compost auxiliary material is at least one in the auxiliary material and agricultural crop straw that feces of livestock and poultry, organic content are high, wherein, the organic content of the auxiliary material that described organic content is high is greater than 65% (as: 80-90%), specifically can be mushroom residue, bagasse etc.Regulate organic content by feces of livestock and poultry, auxiliary material that organic content is high, regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio by agricultural crop straw.
The organic content of described compound is not less than 65%, and water ratio specifically can be 50 ~ 60%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio specifically can be 20 ~ 30.
Described natural pond slag is anaerobically fermenting remaining natural pond slag, specifically can be the chicken manure natural pond slag after anaerobically fermenting.
In aforesaid method, step 2) in, described compositing system is intelligent aerobic composting system, comprise the compositing system for fermenting, multi-level oxygen concn and temperature-sensing system, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller) Controlling System, evenly gas distribution system etc.
Wherein, the volumetric concentration of temperature in described compositing system and oxygen is monitored in real time by multi-level oxygen concn and temperature-sensing system, make the volumetric concentration of temperature and oxygen specifically can be respectively 25 ~ 65 DEG C and 5 ~ 15%, to make fermentation heap body be in good aerobic fermentation state all the time, judge whether heap body space exists significant otherness by temperature and oxygen concn data simultaneously, as existed, stirring (turning) system can be utilized suitably to mix heap body material, guarantee homogeneity of fermenting, the volumetric concentration of oxygen carries out conservative control by ventilation oxygen supply pattern, its oxygen supply pattern is made to be interval oxygen supply.
Realized each sensor reading data in real-time by PLC control system and carry out intellectual analysis, and then controlling the working order of each actuator unit, guaranteeing that the yeasting of windrow is in stable, suitable state.
In composting process, carry out intelligent even gas distribution by even gas distribution system to go forward side by side promoting the circulation of qi body monitoring analysis.In gas distribution process, heap body oxygen concentration interval is kept to be 5 ~ 15%.
Regularly can carry out multidraw from heap body in composting treatment process, obtain representative sample, for the phenetic analysis of compost maturity degree.By this phenetic analysis result, adjust the parameter in composting treatment process, as: make the volumetric concentration of oxygen in composting process maintain 5 ~ 15% etc.
In aforesaid method, step 2) in, also comprise the step of described compost being carried out to quality evalution, mainly comprise following basic physical and chemical index: water ratio, organic content, pH, specific conductivity, carbon-nitrogen ratio, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, gas emissions etc. and biological indicator (as: seed germination index), and according to determination and analysis result comprehensive evaluation compost effect.Described basic physical and chemical index predicts by measuring method corresponding in prior art.
In addition, the preparation-obtained compost of the present invention also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is the method that a kind of natural pond slag for different organic matter contents under intelligent aeration oxygen supply pattern carries out efficient joint aerobic compost, effectively utilizes natural pond slag resource, obtain the final product of high-quality while saving energy consumption.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) remaining for anaerobically fermenting natural pond slag is high organic content natural pond slag and low organic content natural pond slag by organic content different demarcation by the present invention, the composting of anaerobically fermenting remaining natural pond slag is utilized and has carried out Rational Classification, for the reasonable process of natural pond slag and efficiency utilization provide effective support;
2) the natural pond slag that the present invention proposes according to different organic matter contents carries out different aerobic compost mix proportion schemes, is conducive to the circulation efficiency utilization of natural pond slag;
3) the present invention utilizes the feedback control of intelligent aerobic composting system; conservative control is carried out to ventilation oxygen supply pattern; its oxygen supply pattern is made to be interval oxygen supply; reduce energy consumption and the wasting of resources; Optimizing Process Parameters; make composting process can meet aerobic demand and save energy consumption again, obtain high-quality composting production, for mass-producing compost provides rational basis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process program and the oxygen supply feedback model figure of natural pond of the present invention slag associating aerobic compost method.
Fig. 2 is intelligent aerobic composting system structural representation of the present invention, wherein, and 1-material cabin; 2-stirring system; 3-feeding mouth; 4-thief hole; 5-gas distribution screen cloth; 6-discharge port; 7-inlet mouth; 8-water supplement port; 9-air outlet; 10-temperature sensor passage; 11-oxygen concentration sensor passage; 12-leachate collects mouth; 13-packaged type base for supporting.
Fig. 3 is composting process early stage, mid-term and later stage sense organ variation diagram and corresponding 100 times of electronic scanning micrograms of drying sample thereof in embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Experimental technique described in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is ordinary method; Described reagent and material, if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1, chicken manure natural pond slag associating aerobic compost:
Chicken manure natural pond slag associating aerobic compost is carried out by the process program of the natural pond slag associating aerobic compost method shown in Fig. 1 and oxygen supply feedback model figure:
One, to analysis and the corresponding material proportion of chicken manure natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material basic characteristic:
Chicken manure natural pond slag is taken from Daxing district, Beijing, China and stays private village methane station, for obtaining after solid-liquid separation after anaerobically fermenting 15-20 days, record its organic content and be less than 65%, with the chicken manure natural pond slag after anaerobically fermenting for main raw material, with centralization-breeding factory pig manure (taking from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Changping experiment centre) for auxiliary material, combine aerobic compost with mushroom residue (taking from a fresh ecological mushroom garden, eternally happy shop, Tongzhou, Beijing) and wheat straw (taking from village experiment centre in China Agricultural University) for amendment carries out natural pond slag.Wherein, mushroom residue particle diameter is less than 3cm, and wheat straw is cut to 2 ~ 5cm.
1) when carrying out the analysis of composting material, auxiliary material and amendment basic characteristic, it is respectively got about 500g, a part is used for the mensuration of water ratio, another part is pulverized and is crossed 1mm sieve series and becomes drying and crushing sample after warm air drying, for the mensuration of carbon, nitrogen and volatile solid index, composting material chicken manure natural pond slag, auxiliary material pig manure, amendment mushroom residue are as shown in table 1 to the corresponding basic physical and chemical index of wheat straw.
2) according to surveyed index, fresh pig manure, chicken manure natural pond slag, mushroom residue are mixed in 6:10:3:1 ratio with wheat straw, initial aqueous rate is adjusted to about 60%, initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 20, be respectively fresh pig manure 13.5kg, chicken manure natural pond slag 22.5kg, mushroom residue 6.75kg and wheat straw 2.25kg, gross weight is 45kg, and the basic physical and chemical index of the mixture obtained is as shown in table 1.Wherein, organic burning volatile fraction is commonly referred to volatile solid, mainly comprises bioreductive drugs solid and abiotic volatile solids and bio-refractory part.Because volatile solids change abiotic in composting process is very little, thus, the change of volatile solid content can reflect the change of compost organic matter degradation degree.
Table 1 composting material and the rear basic physical and chemical index of material of mixing
Two, in intelligent aerobic composting system, compost treatment is carried out:
1) by the intelligent aerobic composting large-scale reactor systems material bin shown in above-mentioned mixture load map 2, start Controlling System, carry out processing parameter and system parameter settings.Setting draft type is that low-grade location ventilates, and controls oxygen-supplying amount, ensures that actual oxygen concentration ranges is 5 ~ 15%, namely when cavity oxygen concn lower than 5% time system automatically start ventilation plant and ensure oxygen-supplying amount; When cavity oxygen concn higher than 15% time, system closes ventilation plant automatically, can guarantee supply enoughly can save energy consumption again.After having set, start-up temperature, oxygen concn binary feed back automatic operational mode, start test.In composting process, temperature and oxygen concn data are obtained by the collection of reactor assembly Real-Time Monitoring.
2) according to test design scheme, carry out sampling and material stirring at composting process.Sampling in every 3 days once, is got equivalent sample (gross weight is about 450g) from heap body upper, middle and lower-ranking thief hole equably in sampling process, is saved backup by the sample deepfreeze after mixing.After sampling terminates, close thief hole, carry out stir process, churning time is about 20min, in composting process, is connected the air outlet of Portable type gas detection alarm instrument interface with intelligent aerobic composting system, the methane (CH that monitoring heap body produces
4), nitrous oxide (N
2o), ammonia (NH
3) etc. gas concentration.
Three, the quality evalution of compost:
After compost terminates, carry out the determination and analysis of compost sample and comprehensive evaluation analysis is carried out to its compost effect.
1) basic physical and chemical index:
1. temperature: in whole composting process, the temperature changing trend of reactor upper, middle and lower layer is basically identical.Initial reaction stage is the temperature rise period, and microbial decomposition utilizes organism in windrow to carry out own metabolism and breeding, and discharge amount of heat, heap temperature raises rapidly.Enter the middle temperature phase subsequently, until latter temperature reduces gradually, when heap temperature tend towards stability and close to envrionment temperature time, composting process terminates.Whole composting process continue for 21 days, and wherein, the number of days that heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C is 5 days, reaches China decontamination of human excreta hygienic standard GB 7959-2012;
2. water ratio: in natural pond slag associating aerobic composting process, the water ratio of mixture is in 60% ~ 70%.Overall moisture content is in rising trend;
3. pH: when pH value is in 6.7 ~ 9.0 scopes usually, compost microbe has higher activity.In this process of the test, pH value obtains scope and maintains about 8.5 ~ 9, and at the end of compost, heap body pH value is 8.69;
4. volatile solid content entire change is minimizing trend, and terminate rear 65.95% from initial value 73.96% to reaction, the compost later stage tends towards stability;
5. the specific conductivity in composting process is all less than 4ms/cm, meets the requirement of plant growth safety;
6. carbon-nitrogen ratio index can be predicted from the angle of microorganism the stability that organism stability and product are used soil.Along with the carrying out of composting process, carbon-nitrogen ratio totally presents downtrending;
7. Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen: in composting process, the absolute content of Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen constantly reduces, and the more cellulosic relative content of the relative content of hemicellulose declines very fast, and the relative content of xylogen tends to be steady, degradation amount is less.
2) sensory evaluation:
Fig. 3 is composting process early stage, mid-term and later stage sense organ variation diagram and corresponding 100 times of electronic scanning micrograms of drying sample thereof, can learn as drawn a conclusion from Fig. 3:
1. Oranoleptic indicator: pile body sense organ in composting process and change more obvious.At the compost initial stage, mixture is tawny, and stink is denseer, and granularity is uneven, and wheat straw particle diameter is larger.Along with the carrying out of reaction, the smell that heap body gives out is stronger, and windrow color also can deepen gradually, and subsequently, smell is thin out gradually, and heap body color is finally in grey chocolate, and wheat straw particle diameter diminishes, and presents loose crumb structure;
2. electronic scanning micro-image: utilize the particle image that scanning electronic microscope gathers, clearly can observe the particle microtexture of composting process sample, along with the change of compost time, the reunion of heap body particle tails off gradually, hole showed increased, is mainly caused by decomposition organic in composting process.At the end of reaction, heap body grain pattern loosens, and out-of-shape, has more space.
3) gaseous emission monitoring:
1. CH
4by methanogen under anaerobic, reduction CO
2or hydrocarbon polymer generation.CH
4concentration has rising trend in the middle and later periods, and along with the carrying out of reaction, the later stage reduces gradually and tends towards stability;
2. N
2the levels of O is lower, overall on a declining curve;
3. NH
3concentration higher at the compost initial stage, its possible reason is because the rising of temperature causes NH
3rate of volatilization also increases gradually.NH
3the peak period of volatilization is mainly in the pliotherm period, and quantity discharged reduces and tends towards stability subsequently.
4) biological indicator:
Measure seed germination index in composting process (GI), result shows that GI entirety is greater than 50%, and at the end of compost, GI is about 103%, shows that compost maturity completely and nontoxicity.
In sum, the natural pond slag associating aerobic compost test effect utilizing the inventive method to carry out is good, contents level according to natural pond slag organic matter carries out starting material rational proportion, and be in suitable oxygen ranges by intellectual monitoring and Feedback mechanism control heap body, aerobic fermentation demand can be met and can save energy consumption and emissions reduction again, there is good actual application value.
Claims (6)
1. a natural pond slag associating aerobic compost method, comprises the steps:
1) according to the basic physicochemical property of natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material, natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material are modulated, obtains compound;
2) by step 1) in compound in compositing system, carry out compost treatment, obtain compost.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) in, the quality of organic matter content of described compound is not less than 65%, and water ratio is 50 ~ 60%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20 ~ 30.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described modulation is carried out by the following method: quality of organic matter content is not less than to the natural pond slag of 65%, and with described natural pond slag for main raw material, described aerobic compost auxiliary material is agricultural crop straw;
Organic content is less than to the natural pond slag of 65%, with described natural pond slag for main raw material, described aerobic compost auxiliary material is at least one in the auxiliary material and agricultural crop straw that feces of livestock and poultry, organic content are high, and wherein, the organic content of the auxiliary material that described organic content is high is greater than 65%;
The basic physicochemical property of described natural pond slag and aerobic compost auxiliary material is as follows: water ratio, carbon-nitrogen ratio and organic content.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: step 1) in, described natural pond slag is anaerobically fermenting remaining natural pond slag.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, described compositing system is intelligent aerobic composting system, comprises the compositing system for fermenting, multi-level oxygen concn and temperature-sensing system, PLC control system and even gas distribution system;
Wherein, monitored the volumetric concentration of temperature in described compositing system and oxygen by multi-level oxygen concn and temperature-sensing system in real time, make the volumetric concentration of temperature and oxygen be respectively 25 ~ 65 DEG C and 5 ~ 15%; Judge the heap body space whether property of there are differences simultaneously, if exist, utilize turning or stirring system suitably to mix heap body material.
6. the compost that the method according to any one of claim 1-5 obtains.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108383579A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-10 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of biogas residue quick aerobic fermentation method |
| CN108558453A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-21 | 东北师范大学 | Batch production mechanically composting fermentation vat based on magnetic bead Internet of Things sensing node |
| CN109534860A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of device preparing organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer with biogas residue after anaerobic fermentation |
| CN110095579A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-06 | 山东农业大学 | The method of the decomposed degree of material is judged by detection ferment tank tail gas variation |
| CN112851050A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-05-28 | 四川嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Method for treating dining table residues by applying aerobic and anaerobic cooperative treatment |
| CN113321541A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-31 | 黑龙江省农业科学院农村能源与环保研究所 | Method for covering film on biogas residue and excrement by mixing and aerobic composting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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