CN1153445C - 开关型电源 - Google Patents

开关型电源 Download PDF

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CN1153445C
CN1153445C CNB991234014A CN99123401A CN1153445C CN 1153445 C CN1153445 C CN 1153445C CN B991234014 A CNB991234014 A CN B991234014A CN 99123401 A CN99123401 A CN 99123401A CN 1153445 C CN1153445 C CN 1153445C
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winding
switch
power supply
type power
switching type
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CN1254232A (zh
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汉斯·G·比彻勒
杰勒德·里利
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Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/16Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
    • H04N3/18Generation of supply voltages, in combination with electron beam deflecting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0093Converters characterised by their input or output configuration wherein the output is created by adding a regulated voltage to or subtracting it from an unregulated input

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关型电源,包括变压器(TR),该变压器具有一初级绕组(W1)和至少两个其他绕组(W2,WH),第一开关(Sp)与所述初级绕组(W1)串联设置并且作为一正向变换器连接,以对设置在变压器(TR)的第二绕组(W2)上的电容器(Ca)充电,第二开关(Ss)与所述第二绕组(W2)串联连接,所述第二开关(Ss)以回扫变换器模式工作并将存储在电容器(Ca)中的能量传递到第三绕组(WH),和第一开关(Sp)由用于负载调整的脉宽调制控制,并且第二开关(Ss)工作时具有恒定占空比。在该配置中,输出绕组(WH)输出的功率决定存储电容器(Ca)充电达到的电压值。该开关型电源可用于电视机或计算机监视器的高压产生。

Description

开关型电源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有变压器的开关型电源,该变压器具有一初级绕组和一次级绕组,一个开关晶体管与初级绕组串联连接。例如,在电视机中采用这种类型的开关型电源,用于产生稳定的工作电压和显像管高压。
背景技术
DE 41 01 504 A1公开了一种用于电视机的电压源,它具有一个连接到市电电源的第一开关型电源,用于提供工作电压,一个第二开关型电源,用于产生连接到工作电压之一的显像管的高压。由于第二开关型电源的工作绕组具有取决于流过的电流电感,所述高压得到稳定。为了电视机的行偏转,采用第三开关型电源来供给偏转线圈的偏转电流。用一个行频电压使用于高压的开关型电源与用于偏转的开关型电源同步。采用一种与偏转去耦合的开关型电源用于高压具有如下优点,即可提供较高的图像功率,因为在常规电视机中,仅在行回扫短路阶段发生高压变压器的功率传递。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种在一宽的功率范围内提供稳定输出电压、尤其是电视机的高压的开关型电源。
根据本发明的目的,提供一种开关型电源,包括一变压器(TR),该变压器具有一初级绕组(W1)和至少两个其他绕组(W2,WH),第一开关(Sp)与所述初级绕组(W1)串联设置并且作为一正向变换器连接,以对设置在变压器(TR)的第二绕组(W2)上的电容器(Ca)充电,第二开关(Ss)与所述第二绕组(W2)串联连接,所述第二开关(Ss)以回扫变换器模式工作并将存储在电容器(Ca)中的能量传递到第三绕组(WH),和第一开关(Sp)由用于负载调整的脉宽调制控制,并且第二开关(Ss)工作时具有恒定占空比。
由于回扫变换器操作的结果,开关型电源尤其适用于高压产生,因为当第二开关断开时,在次级绕组两端出现高回扫电压。在这种情况下选择两个开关的驱动信号之间的相位差,以便次级回扫电压的峰值与初级开关的断开瞬时重合。
尤其是,该开关型电源可经由一个整流元件直接连接到市电电源。在这种情况下,市电电源隔离由变压器和设置在第一开关的控制接头上游的驱动变压器完成,因此仅第一开关和它周围的电路连接到市电电源的零电位。
附图说明
下面参照附图借助于实例的更详细地解释本发明,附图中:
图1示出在初级侧具有第一开关在次级侧具有第二开关的开关型电源的原理,
图2a-e示出在图1的开关型电源中产生的电压和电流,以及
图3示出具有高压产生电路的图1开关型电源。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有初级绕组W1和设置在次级侧的第二绕组W2的变压器TR。线圈L1和第一开关Sp与初级绕组W1串联设置,线圈L1设置在输入直流电压Ve与绕组W1之间。另外,阻尼网络DN也设置在初级侧的绕组W1,用于衰减在开关Sp断开时出现的电压尖峰脉冲。电容器Ca和第二开关Ss与绕组W2串联连接。续流二极管Dr和回扫电容器Cr与开关Ss并联连接。
如果初级侧的开关Sp闭合,电流从输入电压Ve开始流过线圈L1和初级绕组W1。在这种情况下,线圈L1用作存储电感器,变压器TR简化为初级绕组和次级绕组并仅用于电压匹配和市电电源隔离。它不是一个存储元件,实际上没有气隙,并且当初级开关Ss闭合时,使得电容器Ca根据正向变换器原理被电流i1充电。变压器TR的电感实际上组合在初级存储电感器L1中,其代表该电路的初级电感效应。对于最大负载,该电感器不应达到饱和。
现在借助于图2a-2e示出的电压和电流波形说明图1开关型电源。在图2b和2c中作为时间t的函数示出了线圈L1和初级绕组W1两的电压VL和V1。图2a示出电流i1,利用实线表示开关型电源具有大负载的情形(i1a,电视机上的白图像),利用虚线表示开关型电源具有小负载的情形(i1b,黑图像)。此外,针对图2a的两种情形示出了开关Sp的导通时间。导通时间ton1表示在大负载时第一开关Sp的导通分阶段。按照线圈L1和绕组W1的电感,在导通阶段相关电流ila上升。如果开关Sp断开,则由于自感,电流ila继续流经阻尼网络DN,并以少数振荡周期渐渐消失。
图2e示出次级侧开关Ss的开关相位。该开关总是以50%的占空比工作,不管负载如何,亦即,具有同样长度的导通和截止时间,从而在回扫变换器模式下,使最大能量能够传递到一个或多个输出绕组(图1中未示出)。如果开关Ss断开,则由于绕组W2的自感,电压Vcr急剧上升,电压V2相应地下降并改变极性,如图2d所示。如果开关Ss闭合,则电压Va对应于电容器Ca两端的电压V2。由于变压器TR的耦合,在图2c中,电压V1以与电压V2相对应的方式发生变化。
当开关Sp闭合时,线圈L1两端具有高压VL,见图2b。这在线圈L1中建立磁化,同时,电容器Ca被充电,只要第二开关Ss闭合。如果现在开关S s断开,亦即,流过绕组W2的电流中断,则绕组W1上的电压V1急剧上升,并使线圈L1两端的电压VL改变极性。同时,在图2e中,电压Vcr急剧上升,绕组W2上的电压V2相应地下降并改变极性。一般,在电压Vcr的顶点,开关Sp此时断开,在此瞬时初级电流i1已达到其最大值。该电路工作时需要有初级与次级部分之间的相位差。
当开关型电源具有低负载时,产生图2a,2c和2d中的虚线。在此情况下,开关Sp以后断开,但在具有与开关Ss相同的相位差时再次断开,因此电流i1的平均值相应地取较低值但花更长时间渐渐消失。在这种情况下,图2a中的导通时间ton2缩短为与脉宽调制相对应。如可在图2d中看到的,这使得电容器Ca被进行稍小程度的充电。
为了说明开关型电源工作的方式,图2a-2e中所示的电压地以简化的形式表示的。为此,假定电容器Ca两端的电压为恒定,亦即仅示出其平均值的电平,而实际上它具有由水平偏转电路中S电容器得知的轮廓。因此,对于高负载不考虑相应于次级回扫脉冲的电压Vcr的失真。当开关Sp闭合时,从两个电压Ve和V1之间的差产生电压VL,当开关Sp断开时,电压VL因此受到回扫脉冲的影响。
图3示出根据图1所示开关型电源的原理,用于产生高压的开关型电源的电路图。用相同参考符号表示相应部件。在该说明性实施例中,利用整流器(图3中未示出)和存储电容器C1从直接从市电电源产生输入电压Ve。变压器TR不仅包含两个绕组W1和W2,而且还包含绕组W3和W4以及一高压绕组WH,用于产生大约30kV的高压,例如,以操作电视机或计算机监视器中的显像管。绕组W3和W4用于调整、电压监视或用于产生辅助电压。用根据二极管分压(diode-split)原理连接的二极管将高压绕组WH细分为辅助绕组。此外,从高压HV导出显像管的聚焦电压VF。
在该说明性的实施例中,开关Sp和Ss采用MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管),但是也可采用其他类型的开关晶体管。用驱动变压器TT和具有开关晶体管T1的晶体管级来驱动开关Sp。变压器TR和TT实现市电电源隔离,用于控制开关Sp的电路与用于控制第二开关Ss的电路一起设置在次级侧。二极管D3是续流二极管。二极管D1去激活位于MOSFET Sp中的续流二极管,从而在工作期间它还会变得太热。
图1中与存储电感器L1和绕组W1并联的阻尼网络DN在此说明性实施例中包括电阻器R1-R4,电容器C2和C3及二极管D2,二极管D2的极性为仅当开关Sp断开时导通。这意味着在开关Sp导通阶段在存储电感L1中建立的能量在开关Sp截止时间期间再次下降,其中一些能量返回到输入侧的电容器C1、被传递到次级侧或作为在电阻器R1-R4处的功耗出现。
次级侧也具有与绕组W2并联连接的阻尼网络,包括电容器C4,C5,二极管D8,D9线圈L2和电阻器R9。它用于衰减二极管分压高压变压器的局部振荡。这些振荡是不受控的自激振荡,它们在回扫操作期间产生并可令能够在绕组W3、监视器绕组处抽取的调整电压失真。电容器C5在这种情况下被设计为存储电容器,其经二极管D9和电容器C4充电。与电容器Ca并联的二极管10在有高负载时使该电容器完全放电。
高压HV能够以公知的方式调整。例如,调整信号可以经绕组W3和/或从高压HV抽取。如参照图1和2所描述的,调整信号用于通过驱动变压器TT以脉宽调制驱动开关Sp。以恒定脉宽比操作开关Ss。在这种情况下,可使两个开关的控制信号与例如电视机中的水平偏转信号同步。
图3所示高压产生器可用于为大约100瓦的图像功率产生稳定高压。尤其适合应用于在例如30-50kHz的较高偏转频率下工作的36英寸或更大的显像管。这表明将电视机的工作电压和偏转级从高压产生去耦。在这种情况下,变压器TR可保持非常紧凑。

Claims (6)

1.一种开关型电源,包括一变压器(TR),该变压器具有一初级绕组(W1)和至少两个其他绕组(W2,WH),
第一开关(Sp)与所述初级绕组(W1)串联设置并且作为一正向变换器连接,以对设置在变压器(TR)的第二绕组(W2)上的电容器(Ca)充电,
第二开关(Ss)与所述第二绕组(W2)串联连接,所述第二开关(Ss)以回扫变换器模式工作并将存储在电容器(Ca)中的能量传递到第三绕组(WH),和
第一开关(Sp)由用于负载调整的脉宽调制控制,并且第二开关(Ss)工作时具有恒定占空比。
2.如权利要求1所述的开关型电源,其特征在于线圈(L1)作为能量储存器与所述初级绕组(W1)串联连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的开关型电源,其特征在于在从初级绕组(W1)向第二绕组(W2)传递能量期间,第二开关(Ss)闭合,在从第二绕组(W2)向第三绕组(WH)传递能量期间,第一开关(Sp)断开。
4.如权利要求1所述的开关型电源,其特征在于为两个开关(Sp,Ss)的驱动信号选择相位差,从而次级回扫电压(Vcr)的峰值与初级开关(Sp)的断开瞬时重合。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的开关型电源,其特征在于第三绕组(WH)是具有根据二极管分压方法设置的二极管的高压绕组。
6.如权利要求5所述的开关型电源,其特征在于该开关型电源包含一控制环,该控制环连接到监视器绕组(W3),并可用于稳定高压绕组(WH)的输出电压。
CNB991234014A 1998-11-10 1999-11-04 开关型电源 Expired - Fee Related CN1153445C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19851789.0 1998-11-10
DE19851789A DE19851789A1 (de) 1998-11-10 1998-11-10 Schaltnetzteil

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CN1254232A CN1254232A (zh) 2000-05-24
CN1153445C true CN1153445C (zh) 2004-06-09

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JP (1) JP2000152622A (zh)
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DE (1) DE19851789A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8508064D0 (en) * 1985-03-28 1985-05-01 Coutant Electronics Ltd Electrical power supplies
DE3535121A1 (de) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-09 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur erzeugung einer stabilen hohen gleichspannung
US4968106A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-11-06 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. High voltage generating apparatus for television equipment
JP2773195B2 (ja) * 1988-04-05 1998-07-09 松下電器産業株式会社 スイッチング電源装置
DE3912849A1 (de) * 1988-04-19 1989-11-02 Ceag Licht & Strom Stromversorgungsgeraet
DE4101504A1 (de) * 1991-01-19 1992-07-23 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Schaltung zur zeilenablenkung und hochspannungserzeugung in einem fernsehempfaenger

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EP1001515A2 (en) 2000-05-17
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EP1001515A3 (en) 2000-10-04
CN1254232A (zh) 2000-05-24

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