CN115325940A - Earthquake displacement monitoring system and method for high-rise building - Google Patents
Earthquake displacement monitoring system and method for high-rise building Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method. The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring engineering. The invention combines a laser transmitter, a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target to form three measuring points, namely a top measuring point, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point, and arranges the measuring points on a high-rise building according to a certain mode to form a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement response monitoring system, and provides an analysis method of the system for measuring data. The system can realize the synchronous measurement of the earthquake dynamic displacement and the corner of the high-rise building and the measurement of the residual displacement of the high-rise building structure after the earthquake under the condition that a fixed monitoring point is not arranged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring engineering, in particular to a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method.
Background
High-rise buildings play a vital role in the operation of modern society. A high-rise building structure located in an earthquake high-intensity area can be subjected to strong earthquake extreme load action in the service process to cause structural damage. The damage state of the high-rise building structure is quickly evaluated after the earthquake, and the earthquake-resistant and disaster-relief building plays an important role in earthquake relief and quick recovery of urban functions after the earthquake. In order to more accurately master the damage condition of the high-rise building structure after earthquake, a structural health monitoring system is installed in many high-rise buildings. At present, a high-rise building structure health monitoring system mainly adopts vibration, strain, inclination angle and other types of sensors. And for the key indexes of the maximum value of the horizontal dynamic displacement response of the high-rise building structure and the residual displacement of the structure after the earthquake, which are crucial for evaluating the damage state of the high-rise building under the action of the earthquake, few measurements are performed due to the limitation of technical conditions.
The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the high-rise building structure mainly comprises the following steps: acceleration response integration, total stations, GPS, computer vision methods, and laser projection methods. The acceleration response integral method is easily drifted due to integral displacement results, and cannot be used for long-term structure displacement monitoring. The total station is mainly used for periodic detection of displacement of the monitoring points of the structure, and can only measure the displacement of one monitoring point of the structure at each moment, so that the requirement of continuous monitoring of multipoint displacement response of the structure cannot be met. The GPS dynamic displacement measurement can only measure the displacement of the top of the building, and the precision is limited (about 1.5-2 cm).
The computer vision displacement monitoring method is characterized in that a camera is used for irradiating structural displacement monitoring points, and the actual structural displacement response is converted through the pixel movement of the monitoring points in an image. In order to obtain accurate structural displacement, the computer vision displacement monitoring method requires that the installation position of a camera is fixed; or a fixed object is in the visual field of the camera and is used for correcting the structural displacement measurement error generated by the movement of the camera. However, when there is translation and rotation of the camera mounting position, it is difficult to eliminate the measurement error of the structural displacement due to the movement of the camera. For the displacement monitoring of high-rise buildings, the fixed camera observation points are difficult to find, so that the application is difficult.
The laser projection method is characterized in that a laser is installed on a structure, the laser is emitted by the laser and projected on a remote target to form a light spot, the light spot moves on the target due to structural displacement, and a camera installed on the target identifies the light spot displacement through a computer vision technology, so that structural displacement response is obtained. However, the movement of the laser spot on the target is not only related to the structural displacement where the laser is mounted, but also related to the structural rotational response where the laser is mounted, and therefore, when the structure has a rotational response at the same time, the corresponding structural displacement response cannot be obtained directly from the spot displacement.
A new invention (patent application number: 202011626873.5, patent name: a synchronous monitoring system for multipoint displacement and rotation response of a large-scale structure and a data analysis method thereof) appears in the laser projection displacement monitoring research direction, and the invention provides a laser receiver capable of simultaneously measuring the displacement and the rotation angle of projection laser. However, since it is difficult to find a fixed measurement base point for a high-rise building, it is also difficult to achieve accurate measurement of the seismic dynamic displacement response of the high-rise building without the fixed measurement base point using only the laser receiver. In addition, residual displacement between high-rise building layers after an earthquake is also an important basis for judging the earthquake damage degree of the structure, but for an actual high-rise building structure, an efficient and simple measuring method is still lacked up to now.
In summary, in the practical application of high-rise building dynamic displacement measurement, it is difficult to find a fixed monitoring base point, and the existing structure displacement monitoring technology cannot accurately measure the high-rise building structure seismic displacement response and the post-seismic structure residual displacement. Therefore, the high-rise building structure earthquake displacement response monitoring system without the fixed measurement base point is developed, and has extremely important practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a high-rise building structure seismic displacement monitoring system and method for solving the problem that the dynamic displacement of a high-rise building structure in the seismic process and the residual displacement of the structure after the earthquake are difficult to effectively monitor under the condition of no unmovable measurement base point in the existing high-rise building structure displacement monitoring technology.
The invention provides a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and a method, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system, the system comprising: the device comprises a top measuring point, a 1 st laser emitter, a 2 nd laser emitter, a 3 rd laser emitter, a laser receiver, a camera, a horizontal laser target, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point;
the top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, the nodes are viewed in a transparent mode, the bottom measuring point is arranged at the bottom of a high-rise building monitoring floor section, the top measuring point is arranged at the top of the high-rise building monitoring floor section, and the middle measuring point is arranged on a floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; and when the displacement quantity of a plurality of floors needs to be measured between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point, a plurality of middle measuring points are arranged.
Preferably, the 1 st laser emitter and the laser receiver are fixedly installed at the top measuring point; a 3 rd laser emitter and a horizontal laser target are fixedly installed at a bottom measuring point, and a camera is installed on the horizontal laser target and used for shooting the position of a laser spot projected on the horizontal laser target; a 2 nd laser transmitter which is turned on or turned off by a remote switch is fixedly installed at the middle measuring point; the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target are respectively provided with a 2-direction acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system which are used for measuring the acceleration response of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
Preferably, the 1 st laser emitter fixedly installed at the top measuring point emits laser pointing to the horizontal laser target installed at the bottom measuring point; the laser receiver section fixedly installed at the top measuring point is used for receiving laser reflected by the No. 3 laser transmitter at the bottom measuring point and the No. 2 laser transmitter at the middle measuring point;
the laser transmitter 3 fixedly installed at the bottom measuring point emits laser pointing to the laser receiver installed at the top measuring point; a camera fixedly installed at a bottom measuring point shoots a spot position of laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter projected on a horizontal laser target;
and the laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter fixedly arranged at the middle measuring point points to the laser receiver arranged at the top measuring point.
Preferably, when the high-rise building is subjected to earthquake action and horizontally deforms, the lasers emitted by the 1 st laser emitter at the top measuring point, the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point translate and rotate in 2 horizontal directions along with the deformation of the building;
the laser receiver at the top measuring point is internally provided with a laser measuring unit which is used for simultaneously measuring the translational displacement and the rotation angle of the received laser in 2 horizontal directions.
A high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting a certain moment of the high-rise building without horizontal deformation as a reference moment, respectively starting a No. 1 laser emitter, a No. 2 laser emitter and a No. 3 laser emitter at the reference moment, and respectively measuring the horizontal displacement and the rotation response of the high-rise building by adopting a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building in the earthquake action process and the residual displacement and rotation angle response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as the offset relative to the reference value;
step 2: after the measurement reference values of the 1 st, the 2 nd and the 3 rd laser transmitters are obtained, the 2 nd laser transmitter is closed, and the high-rise building displacement response is monitored only by using the 1 st laser transmitter, the 3 rd laser transmitter, the laser receiver, the camera, the laser receiver and the acceleration sensors at the camera;
and 3, step 3: time synchronization is carried out on the laser receiver, the camera and acceleration sensors arranged at the laser receiver and the camera; after time synchronization is completed, measurement is carried out at different sampling frequencies; laser receiver and camera at low sampling frequency f l Synchronously measuring the displacement and rotation angle response of the received laser, and performing high sampling frequency f on the laser receiver and the camera acceleration measuring system h The structural acceleration response is measured synchronously.
Preferably, according to displacement and corner response data measured by a laser receiver and a camera in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, determining the horizontal displacement and corner response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point according to the following steps:
at a certain measuring moment, the displacements of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions are respectively u 1 And v 1 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being theta 1，x And theta 1，y (ii) a The displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is u respectively 3 And v 3 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being θ 3，x And theta 3，y (ii) a At this moment, the laser receiver measures the displacement of the laser light in 2 horizontal directions, D respectively u1 And D v1 And the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are A u1 And A v1 (ii) a The displacement of the laser measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is D respectively u3 And D v3 ；
Step A001: according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser measured by all the laser receivers and the cameras in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis can be represented by the formulas (1) to (3):
D u1 ＝u 1 -θ 3，y H 1 -u 3 (1)
A u1 ＝θ 1，y -θ 3，y (2)
D u3 ＝u 3 -θ 1，y H 1 -u 1 (3)
step A002: u's' 1 ＝u 1 -u 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
D u1 ＝u′ 1 -θ 3，y H 1 (4)
D u3 ＝-u′ 1 -θ 1，y H 1 (5)
step A003: equation (4) is added to equation (5) and simplified to obtain the following equation:
-(θ 1，y +θ 3，y )H 1 ＝D u1 +D u3 (6)
simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain a corner response theta 1，y And theta 3，y (ii) a Substituting the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1 ；
Step A004: all the laser receivers and cameras measure the displacement of the laser in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis, which are expressed by the formulas (7) to (9)
D v1 ＝v 1 -θ 3，x H 1 -v 3 (7)
A v1 ＝θ 1，x -θ 3，x (8)
D v3 ＝v 3 -θ 1，x H 1 -v 1 (9)
Step A005: v 'is' 1 ＝v 1 -v 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the base measurement point on the y-axis, equations (7), (9) are rewritten as:
D v1 ＝v′ 1 -θ 3，x H 1 (10)
D v3 ＝-v′ 1 -θ 1，x H 1 (11)
step A006: equation (10) plus equation (11) and can be simplified to:
-(θ 1，x +θ 3，x )H 1 ＝D v1 +D v3 (12)
simultaneous formulas (8) and (12), solving to obtain the corner response theta 1，x And theta 3，x And substituting the result into formula (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1 。
Preferably, the laser measurement data of the laser receiver and the camera are utilized to obtain the data at the low sampling frequency f l After the displacement of the lower top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction, high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by an acceleration sensor integrated in a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target are combined to calculate to obtain the high sampling frequency f h The lower top measuring point is opposite to the horizontal directionThe dynamic displacement response of the bottom measuring point specifically comprises the following steps:
adopting all laser receivers and cameras to measure data, and calculating to obtain 2 high-rise building relative displacement responses u' 1 And v' 1 Any one of (a) to (b); x (t) 0 ) And x (t) 0 +Δt l ) (wherein,. DELTA.t) l ＝1/f l ) Respectively indicates the displacement response at t 0 And t 0 +Δt l Taking values at all times; calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t) by adopting the measurement data of the acceleration sensor; let the acceleration response a (t) be [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]The monitored data in the time period is [ a (t) ] 0 )a(t 0 +Δt l /N)…a(t 0 +Δt l )](wherein, N = f) h /f l )；
From the integral relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration response, the following is derived:
wherein, v (t) 0 ) Denotes t 0 Time structure velocity response; the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]Monitoring data in a time period is obtained through numerical integration; obtaining v (t) by equation (13) 0 )：
Substituting the result of equation (14) into equation (15) results in the sampling frequency f at high h The following structure displacement response:
the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]Within a period of timeThe data is monitored and obtained by numerical integration.
Preferably, after the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is recovered to be static, the residual displacement response of the high-rise building is measured and calculated according to the following steps:
step B001:
let the residual displacements of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions respectively be
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacements of the middle measuring point in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacements of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacement of the laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter measured by the laser receiver in 2 horizontal directions is respectively
And
and the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacement of the laser emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is respectively
And
and the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacements of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
calculating and obtaining the residual corner response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finished (
And
) And the residual horizontal displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in 2 directions (
)；
Step B002:
closing the 3 rd laser transmitter, opening the 2 nd laser transmitter at the middle measuring point, and calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point by using the data measured by the laser receiver; according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the laser receiver measures the displacement of the laser in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis, and the displacement is expressed by the formulas (16) to (19):
calculated by the formulas (17) and (19) in combination with the step B001
And
is calculated to obtain
And
a numerical value;
so that
Substituting into the equations (16) and (18) to obtain
Combining the step B001 to calculate the horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point
And
and
and
to obtain the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point
And
when the monitoring system is provided with a plurality of middle measuring points, the provided method can be adopted to calculate the horizontal residual displacement and the residual corner of each middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point. And then, the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle between any two adjacent middle measuring points are calculated by using the result.
The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor for implementing a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method.
The invention provides computer equipment which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor runs the computer program stored in the memory, the processor executes a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines a laser transmitter, a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target to form three measuring points of a top measuring point, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point, and arranges the measuring points at the floor section of a high-rise building needing earthquake displacement monitoring according to a certain mode to form a set of high-rise building earthquake displacement response monitoring system. The system can realize the synchronous measurement of the relative horizontal dynamic displacement and the corner of the top floor and the top floor of the monitoring floor section in the earthquake action process and the monitoring of the residual displacement response among the top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point generated by the damage of the building structure after the earthquake under the condition that no fixed measurement base point exists. The monitoring result has important significance for rapidly evaluating the earthquake damage state of the high-rise building.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of a seismic displacement monitoring system for a high-rise building structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of data calculation and analysis of the earthquake displacement monitoring system for high-rise building structures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 2, the specific optimization technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: the invention relates to a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and a method.
The invention relates to a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring system.
Determining the arrangement position of the monitoring system according to the earthquake displacement monitoring requirement of the high-rise building structure, wherein the specific arrangement requirement is as follows:
the floor sections required to be laid for monitoring the earthquake displacement of the high-rise building structure are selected, the bottom area of the high-rise building structure or the area where weak floors are located in the high-rise building structure can be selected, and the area is easy to generate large displacement under the action of an earthquake, so that structural damage is generated.
The invention provides a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring system which comprises three measuring points, namely a top measuring point 1, a middle measuring point 2 and a bottom measuring point 3, and is shown in a combined figure 1. The top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, and the nodes can be seen through; as shown in fig. 1, a bottom measuring point 3 is arranged at the bottom of a high-rise building monitoring floor section, a top measuring point 1 is arranged at the top of the high-rise building monitoring floor section, and a middle measuring point 2 is arranged on a floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; when a plurality of floor displacement quantities need to be measured between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point, a plurality of middle measuring points 2 can be arranged.
The earthquake displacement measuring system of the high-rise building structure is formed by three measuring points, namely a top measuring point 1, a middle measuring point 2 and a bottom measuring point 3, as follows. As shown in fig. 1, a 1 st laser emitter 5-1 and a laser receiver 4 are fixedly arranged on the top measuring point 1; a 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 and a horizontal laser target 6 are fixedly arranged on the bottom measuring point 3, a camera 7 is arranged on the horizontal laser target, and the camera 7 is used for shooting the position of a laser spot projected on the horizontal laser target; and the middle measuring point 2 is fixedly provided with a 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 which can be turned on or off by a remote switch. A2-direction acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system are respectively arranged at the laser receiver 4 and the horizontal laser target 6 and are used for measuring the acceleration response of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
The 1 st laser emitter 5-1 fixedly installed at the top measuring point 1 emits laser which points to the horizontal laser target 6 installed at the bottom measuring point 3; the laser receiver section 4 fixedly installed at the top measuring point 1 is used for receiving laser reflected by the No. 3 laser emitter 5-3 at the bottom measuring point and the No. 2 laser emitter 5-2 at the middle measuring point 2; the laser transmitter 5-3 of the 3 rd fixedly arranged at the bottom measuring point 3 emits laser which points to the laser receiver 4 arranged at the top measuring point 1; a camera 7 fixedly installed at a bottom measuring point shoots the position of a light spot projected on a horizontal laser target 6 by laser emitted by a 1 st laser emitter 5-1; and the middle measuring point 2 is fixedly provided with a 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 which transmits laser and points to a laser receiver 4 arranged at the top measuring point 1.
In order to enable the measuring system to accurately measure the earthquake displacement response of the high-rise building structure, all laser transmitters, laser receivers and horizontal laser targets arranged at the top measuring point 1, the middle measuring point 2 and the bottom measuring point 3 and the equipment and the high-rise building structure are required to be tightly and fixedly connected, so that the equipment and the high-rise building structure have the same displacement, corner and acceleration response.
When the high-rise building deforms, lasers emitted by a 1 st laser emitter 5-1, a 2 nd laser emitter 5-2 and a 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 which are arranged at the top measuring point 1, the middle measuring point 2 and the bottom measuring point 3 can translate and rotate in 2 horizontal directions of the high-rise building structure; the laser receiver 4 installed at the top measuring point 1 is internally provided with a laser measuring unit, and can simultaneously measure the horizontal displacement and the rotation angle around the x axis and the y axis of the received laser in a high-rise building. The camera 7 at the basic measuring point 3 shoots the horizontal displacement response of the light spot of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter 5-1 on the horizontal laser target 6 in the high-rise building.
The second embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring method, which adopts the following steps to monitor the earthquake displacement response of a high-rise building:
the method comprises the following steps:
and selecting a certain moment of the high-rise building without horizontal deformation as a reference moment. Respectively starting a 1 st laser transmitter 5-1, a 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 and a 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3 at a reference moment, and taking the horizontal displacement and the rotation response of the high-rise building respectively measured by a laser receiver 4 and a horizontal laser target 6 as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building during the action of the earthquake and the residual displacement and rotation angle response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as offsets relative to a reference value.
Step two:
after the measurement reference values of the 1 st laser transmitter 5-1, the 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 and the 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3 are obtained, the 2 nd laser transmitter is closed, and only the 1 st laser transmitter 5-1, the 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3, the laser receiver 4, the camera 6, the laser receiver and the acceleration sensor at the camera are used for monitoring the displacement response of the high-rise building.
Step three:
in order to fuse the laser measurement data and the acceleration sensor measurement data in the invention so as to obtain the high-rise building displacement response with high sampling frequency, the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 and the acceleration sensors arranged at the laser receiver and the camera are subjected to time synchronization in a wired or wireless mode. After time synchronization is completed, measurement is carried out at different sampling frequencies; laser receiver 4 and camera 6 at a low sampling frequency f l Synchronously measuring the displacement and the rotation angle response of the received laser, and the acceleration measuring system arranged at the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 has high sampling frequency f h The structural acceleration response is measured synchronously.
According to the displacement and corner response data measured by the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, calculating and obtaining the horizontal displacement and corner response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point according to the following steps:
at a certain measuring moment, the displacements of the top measuring point 1 in 2 horizontal directions are respectively u 1 And v 1 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being θ 1，x And theta 1，y (ii) a The displacement of the bottom measuring point 3 in 2 horizontal directions is u respectively 3 And v 3 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being theta 3，x And theta 3，y (ii) a At this moment, the laser receiver 4 measures the displacement of the laser light in 2 horizontal directions, which are respectively D u1 And D v1 And the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are A u1 And A v1 (ii) a The displacements of the laser measured by the camera 6 in 2 horizontal directions are respectively D u3 And D v3 。
Step A001, according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the laser measured by the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 is displaced in the x-axis direction and rotates around the y-axis, and is represented by formulas (1) to (3):
D u1 ＝u 1 -θ 3，y H 1 -u 3 (1)
A u1 ＝θ 1，y -θ 3，y (2)
D u3 ＝u 3 -θ 1，y H 1 -u 1 (3)
step A002, preparing u' 1 ＝u 1 -u 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
D u1 ＝u′ 1 -θ 3，y H 1 (4)
D u3 ＝-u′ 1 -θ 1，y H 1 (5)
step A003, the formula (4) and the formula (5) are added and simplified to obtain the following formula:
-(θ 1，y +θ 3，y )H 1 ＝D u1 +D u3 (6)
simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain a corner response theta 1，y And theta 3，y (ii) a Substituting the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1 ；
Step a004, the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 measure the displacement of the laser in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis, which are expressed by the formulas (7) to (9)
D v1 ＝v 1 -θ 3，x H 1 -v 3 (7)
A v1 ＝θ 1，x -θ 3，x (8)
D v3 ＝v 3 -θ 1，x H 1 -v 1 (9)
Step A005, so that v' 1 ＝v 1 -v 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the base measurement point on the y-axis, equations (7), (9) are rewritten as:
D v1 ＝v′ 1 -θ 3，x H 1 (10)
D v3 ＝-v′ 1 -θ 1，x H 1 (11)
step a006, formula (10) plus formula (11), and simplifying to obtain:
-(θ 1，x +θ 3，x )H 1 ＝D v1 +D v3 (12)
simultaneous formulas (8) and (12), solving to obtain the corner response theta 1，x And theta 3，x And substituting the result into formula (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1 。
Further, the laser measurement data of the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 are utilized to obtain the data at the low sampling frequency f l After the lower top measuring point 1 is displaced relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction, high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by an acceleration sensor integrated in a laser receiver 4 and a horizontal laser target 6 are calculated to obtain the high sampling frequency f h The dynamic displacement response of the lower top measuring point 1 relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction specifically comprises the following steps:
measuring data by adopting all laser receivers 4 and cameras 6, and calculating to obtain 2 relative displacement responses u 'of the high-rise building' 1 And v' 1 Any one of (a) to (b); x (t) 0 ) And x (t) 0 +Δt l ) (wherein,. DELTA.t) l ＝1/f l ) Respectively representThe displacement response is at t 0 And t 0 +Δt l Taking values at all times; calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t) by adopting the measurement data of the acceleration sensor; let the acceleration response a (t) be at [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]The monitored data in the time period is [ a (t) ] 0 )a(t 0 +Δt l /N)…a(t 0 +Δt l )](wherein, N = f) h /f l )。
From the integral relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration response, the following is derived:
wherein, v (t) 0 ) Represents t 0 Time structure speed response; the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]Monitoring data in a time period is obtained through numerical integration; obtaining v (t) by equation (13) 0 )：
Substituting the result of equation (14) into equation (15) results in a high sampling frequency f h The following structure displacement response:
the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]And the monitoring data in the time period is obtained through numerical integration.
When the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is rested, measuring and calculating according to the following steps to obtain the residual displacement response of the high-rise building:
step B001:
let the residual displacements of the top measuring point 1 in 2 horizontal directions be
And
the residual rotation angles around the x-axis and the y-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacements of the middle measuring point 2 in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacements of the bottom measuring point 3 in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacement of the laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter 5-2 measured by the laser receiver 4 in 2 horizontal directions is respectively
And
and the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacement of the laser emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 measured by the laser receiver 4 in 2 horizontal directions is respectively
And
and the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacements of the laser light measured by the camera 6 in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
calculating and obtaining the residual corner response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finished by using the displacement and corner response calculation method of the top measuring point 1 and the bottom measuring point 2 (the step (b))
And
) And the residual horizontal displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in 2 directions (
)。
Step B002:
and (3) closing the 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3, opening the 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 at the middle measuring point, measuring data by using the laser receiver 4, and calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point 2 relative to the bottom measuring point. According to the arrangement of the measuring system, the laser receiver 4 measures the displacement of the laser in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis, which are expressed by the formulas (16) to (19):
the calculation is obtained by combining the formulas (17) and (19) and the step one
And
is calculated to obtain
And
numerical values.
So that
Substituting into the equations (16) and (18) to obtain
Calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the combination step I
And
and
and
to obtain the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point
And
when the monitoring system is provided with a plurality of middle measuring points, the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle of each middle measuring point 2 relative to the bottom measuring point 3 can be calculated according to the method. And then, calculating the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle between any two adjacent middle measuring points by using the result.
The third concrete embodiment:
the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the program is executed by a processor for implementing a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method.
The fourth concrete example:
the invention provides computer equipment which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor runs the computer program stored in the memory, the processor executes a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring method.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or N embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "N" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise. Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more N executable instructions for implementing steps of a custom logic function or process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present invention. The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, such as an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or N wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments. In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a separate product, may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system and method, and the protection scope of the high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system and method is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system is characterized in that: the system comprises: the device comprises a top measuring point, a 1 st laser emitter, a 2 nd laser emitter, a 3 rd laser emitter, a laser receiver, a camera, a horizontal laser target, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point;
the top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, the nodes are seen through, the bottom measuring point is arranged at the bottom of the high-rise building monitoring floor section, the top measuring point is arranged at the top of the high-rise building monitoring floor section, and the middle measuring point is arranged on the floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; and when the displacement quantity of a plurality of floors needs to be measured between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point, a plurality of middle measuring points are arranged.
2. The high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a 1 st laser transmitter and a laser receiver are fixedly installed at a top measuring point; a 3 rd laser emitter and a horizontal laser target are fixedly installed at a bottom measuring point, a camera is installed on the horizontal laser target, and the camera is used for shooting the position of a laser spot projected on the horizontal laser target; a 2 nd laser transmitter which is turned on or turned off by a remote switch is fixedly installed at the middle measuring point; the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target are respectively provided with a 2-direction acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system which are used for measuring the acceleration response of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
3. The high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the 1 st laser emitter fixedly installed at the top measuring point emits laser which points to a horizontal laser target installed at the bottom measuring point; the laser receiver section fixedly installed at the top measuring point is used for receiving laser reflected by the No. 3 laser transmitter at the bottom measuring point and the No. 2 laser transmitter at the middle measuring point;
the laser transmitter 3 fixedly installed at the bottom measuring point emits laser pointing to the laser receiver installed at the top measuring point; a camera fixedly installed at a bottom measuring point shoots a spot position of laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter projected on a horizontal laser target;
and the 2 nd laser transmitter fixedly installed at the middle measuring point emits laser which points to the laser receiver installed at the top measuring point.
4. A high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
when a high-rise building suffers from horizontal deformation under the action of earthquake, the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter at the top measuring point, the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point is deformed along with the building, and the translation and the rotation are generated in 2 horizontal directions;
the laser receiver at the top measuring point is internally provided with a laser measuring unit which is used for simultaneously measuring the translational displacement and the rotation angle of the received laser in 2 horizontal directions.
5. A high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a certain moment of the high-rise building without horizontal deformation as a reference moment, respectively starting a No. 1, a No. 2 and a No. 3 laser transmitters at the reference moment, and respectively measuring the horizontal displacement and the rotation response of the high-rise building by adopting a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building in the earthquake action process and the residual displacement and corner response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as the offset relative to the reference value;
and 2, step: after the measurement reference values of the 1 st, the 2 nd and the 3 rd laser transmitters are obtained, the 2 nd laser transmitter is closed, and the high-rise building displacement response is monitored by only using the 1 st laser transmitter, the 3 rd laser transmitter, the laser receiver, the camera, the laser receiver and the acceleration sensor at the camera;
and step 3: time synchronization is carried out on the laser receiver, the camera and acceleration sensors arranged at the laser receiver and the camera; after time synchronization is completed, measurement is carried out at different sampling frequencies; laser receiver and camera at low sampling frequency f l Synchronously measuring the displacement and rotation angle response of the received laser, and performing high sampling frequency f on the laser receiver and the camera acceleration measuring system h The structural acceleration response is measured synchronously.
6. The high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method of claim 5, which is characterized in that: according to displacement and corner response data measured by a laser receiver and a camera in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, determining horizontal displacement and corner response of a top measuring point and a bottom measuring point according to the following steps:
at a certain measuring moment, the displacements of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions are respectively u 1 And v 1 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being theta 1，x And theta 1，y (ii) a The displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is respectively u 3 And v 3 The angles of rotation about the x-axis and y-axis being theta 3，x And theta 3，y (ii) a At this moment, the laser receiver measures the displacement of the laser light in 2 horizontal directions respectively as D u1 And D v1 And the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are A u1 And A v1 (ii) a The displacement of the laser measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is D respectively u3 And D v3 ；
Step A001: according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser measured by all the laser receivers and the cameras in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis can be represented by the formulas (1) to (3):
D u1 ＝u 1 -θ 3，y H 1 -u 3 (1)
A u1 ＝θ 1，y -θ 3，y (2)
D u3 ＝u 3 -θ 1，y H 1 -u 1 (3)
step A002: u's' 1 ＝u 1 -u 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
D u1 ＝u′ 1 -θ 3，y H 1 (4)
D u3 ＝-u′ 1 -θ 1，y H 1 (5)
step A003: equation (4) is added to equation (5) and simplified to give the following equation:
-(θ 1，y +θ 3，y )H 1 ＝D u1 +D u3 (6)
simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain a corner response theta 1，y And theta 3，y (ii) a Substituting the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1 ；
Step A004: all the laser receivers and cameras measure the displacement of the laser in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis, which are expressed by the formulas (7) to (9)
D v1 ＝v 1 -θ 3，x H 1 -v 3 (7)
A v1 ＝θ 1，x -θ 3，x (8)
D v3 ＝v 3 -θ 1，x H 1 -v 1 (9)
Step A005: v 'is' 1 ＝v 1 -v 3 For the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the base measurement point on the y-axis, equations (7), (9) are rewritten as:
D v1 ＝v′ 1 -θ 3，x H 1 (10)
D v3 ＝-v′ 1 -θ 1，x H 1 (11)
step A006: equation (10) is added to equation (11) and simplified to obtain:
-(θ 1，x +θ 3，x )H 1 ＝D v1 +D v3 (12)
simultaneous formulas (8) and (12), solving to obtain the corner response theta 1，x And theta 3，x Substituting the result into formula (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1 。
7. The high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method of claim 6, which is characterized in that: obtaining the laser measurement data at a low sampling frequency f by using the laser receiver and the camera l After the displacement of the lower top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction, high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by an acceleration sensor integrated in a laser receiver and a horizontal laser target are combined to calculate and obtain the acceleration data at a high sampling frequency f h The dynamic displacement response of the lower top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction specifically comprises the following steps:
adopting all laser receivers and cameras to measure data, and calculating to obtain 2 high-rise building relative displacement responses u' 1 And v' 1 Any one ofA plurality of; x (t) 0 ) And x (t) 0 +Δt l ) (wherein,. DELTA.t) l ＝1/f l ) Respectively indicate the displacement response at t 0 And t 0 +Δt l Taking values at all times; calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t) by adopting the measurement data of the acceleration sensor; let the acceleration response a (t) be [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]The monitored data in the time period is [ a (t) ] 0 ) a(t 0 +Δt l /N)…a(t 0 +Δt l )](wherein, N = f) h /f l )；
From the integral relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration response, the following is derived:
wherein, v (t) 0 ) Represents t 0 Time structure speed response; the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]Monitoring data in a time period is obtained through numerical integration; obtaining v (t) by equation (13) 0 )：
Substituting the result of equation (14) into equation (15) results in a high sampling frequency f h The following structure displacement response:
the third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is from a (t) to [ t ] 0 t 0 +Δt l ]And the monitoring data in the time period is obtained through numerical integration.
8. The high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method of claim 7, which is characterized in that: when the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is rested, measuring and calculating according to the following steps to obtain the residual displacement response of the high-rise building:
step B001:
let the residual displacements of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions respectively be
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacement of the middle measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacements of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
the residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are
And
the residual displacements of the laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver are respectively
And
and the angles of rotation of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacement of the laser emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is respectively
And
and the rotation angles of the laser around the y-axis and around the x-axis are respectively
And
the residual displacements of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions are respectively
And
calculating and obtaining the residual corner response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finished (
And
) And the residual horizontal displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in 2 directions
Step B002:
closing the 3 rd laser transmitter, opening the 2 nd laser transmitter at the middle measuring point, and calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point by using the data measured by the laser receiver; according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the laser receiver measures the displacement of the laser in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis, and the displacement and the rotation angle are expressed by formulas (16) to (19):
calculated from equations (17) and (19) in combination with step B001
And
is calculated to obtain
And
a numerical value;
so that
Substituting into the equations (16) and (18) to obtain
Combining the horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point calculated in the step B001
And
and
and
to obtain the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point
And
9. a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, for execution by a processor for implementing a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method according to claims 5-8.
10. A computer arrangement comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having a computer program stored therein, the processor when executing the computer program stored in the memory performing a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method according to claims 5-8.
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