JP4533502B2 - Tunnel construction status detection method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting a construction state of a tunnel, such as an inside air displacement in a tunnel, an inside air cross-sectional shape, and a face face.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, construction management in tunnels has been carried out by (a) measuring the inner air displacement (measurement of the top edge settlement), (b) measuring the inner air cross-sectional shape, and (c) examining the face surface.
[0003]
(A) In-air displacement measurement is a method for quantitatively capturing the movement of natural ground after tunnel excavation by measuring the temporal displacement of the tunnel inner wall. Based on the measurement results, the stability of the tunnel is judged. ing.
A representative example of this measurement method is shown in FIG. A prism 81a is fixed at a measurement target position on one cross section in the tunnel interior, and a light wave type distance measuring and angle measuring device 83 is arranged at the approximate center of the width of the tunnel 1. Then, the light wave 85 projected from the light wave type distance measuring and angle measuring device 83 is reflected by the prism 81a, and the reflected light wave light 87 is taken into the same device, and the relative distance and relative direction between them are calculated, that is, Measure relative coordinates. On the other hand, the prism 81b is arranged at a coordinate base point whose absolute coordinates are known, and the relative coordinates of the prism 81b are measured in the same manner, whereby the absolute coordinates of the light wave type distance measuring and measuring device 83 can be obtained. The absolute coordinates of the measurement target position are calculated. And this coordinate data is acquired for a predetermined period, and the movement of the natural ground after tunnel excavation is quantitatively captured.
[0004]
(B) Inner air section shape measurement is to measure the inner air section shape at appropriate intervals in the tunnel excavation direction, and this measurement result is used for surplus drilling management and surplus winding management of secondary lining concrete. The
A representative example of this measurement method is shown in FIG. This measurement is performed by a cross-section measuring machine 89, and this cross-section measuring machine 89 includes an automatic turning device attached to a tripod base and a laser-type distance measuring device attached to the automatic turning device. The measuring device 89 is disposed below the tunnel inner wall 1a to be measured, and the optical axis direction of the distance measuring instrument is made perpendicular to the inner wall surface by the automatic turning device, and swung along the inner wall surface. The distance to the inner wall surface is measured by projecting the laser beam 86 and receiving the reflected light 88. Then, the inner sky cross-sectional shape is grasped from the turning angle data and the distance data at that time.
[0005]
(C) The face surface survey is to determine the geology by looking at the geological condition of the face surface 3, and based on the determination result, a construction method such as an excavation method or a support work is selected.
As shown in FIG. 4C, this method of investigating the face surface 3 is to take an image of the face surface 3 with a digital camera 91 or the like, and determine the geology by seeing this image.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these measurements and surveys are performed by dedicated incompatible devices.
(1) It is necessary to know the operation method and characteristics of each device.
(2) It is uneconomical to use expensive dedicated equipment for each measurement.
(3) Maintenance and inspection of each device is necessary and management is complicated.
There is a problem.
[0007]
In addition, for each measuring instrument, it is necessary to install a prism for each measurement cross section for measuring the internal displacement, and even when measuring the internal cross sectional shape, the instrument is moved and measured sequentially for each measurement cross section. Both have the problem of poor operability.
[0008]
Furthermore, with the advancement of tunnel construction technology in recent years, it is required to grasp not only point and line information but also surface information for inner-air displacement measurement and inner-air cross-sectional shape measurement. In the above method, only information on the point of the prism installation position or information on the line of the cross-sectional shape curve can be obtained.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and it is possible to easily and accurately perform the inner-space displacement measurement, the inner-space cross-sectional shape measurement, and the face plane imaging using a single device. An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction state detection method capable of collecting surface information in the tunnel.
[0010]
In order to achieve such an object, the invention shown in claim 1 includes an image capturing function for capturing an image by projecting onto a measurement target while scanning light, a parallax distance measuring function for measuring a distance to a scanning point, Using an optical scanner device having an angle measuring function for detecting the direction of the scanning point, light is projected onto the inner wall of the tunnel while scanning in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the parallax type is applied to all scanning points in the scanning range. The three-dimensional coordinate is obtained by calculating the distance data indicating the distance to the scanning point obtained by the distance measuring function and the direction data indicating the direction of the scanning point obtained by the angle measuring function. In addition, the inside air displacement measurement information and the inside air cross-sectional shape measurement information are acquired, and the face surface image information is acquired from the image inside the tunnel captured by the image capturing function.
[0011]
According to the above invention, the direction and distance of all scanning points in the scanning range scanned with the light using the parallax distance measuring function and the angle measuring function are projected while scanning the light on the inner wall of the tunnel to be measured. And processing this data to collect the three-dimensional coordinates of all the scanning points, that is, the three-dimensional coordinates of the tunnel inner wall. Accordingly, it is possible to measure the sky shape in the tunnel three-dimensionally, and to acquire the inner sky displacement measurement information and the inner sky cross-sectional shape measurement information. Also, since the image capture function is used to collect images of all scanning points in the scanning range, this image is combined to create an image of the entire face, such as the geological condition of the face, spring conditions, temperature distribution, etc. Information can be acquired.
That is, by using the single optical scanner device to acquire the inner space displacement measurement information, the inner space section shape measurement information, and the face surface image information, the inner space displacement measurement, the inner space section shape measurement, and the face surface are obtained. Surface imaging can be performed.
[0012]
Further, by using this optical scanner device, only by scanning the inner wall of the tunnel with light, the three-dimensional coordinates of the inner wall of the tunnel in the scanning range can be collected through the arithmetic processing. For this reason, it is possible to easily perform the inner space displacement measurement and the inner space cross-sectional shape measurement at an arbitrary position of the tunnel without moving the device for each measurement section one by one.
[0013]
Further, since the three-dimensional coordinates of the tunnel inner wall in the scanning range can be known by scanning the tunnel inner wall, plane information about the tunnel inner space can be collected.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig.1 (a) is a perspective view which shows the mode at the time of observation by the construction state detection method in a tunnel based on this invention, The figure (b) is AA arrow sectional drawing of the figure (a). . FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the scanning rangefinder used in the present embodiment.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel construction state detection method of this embodiment is implemented by a single measuring device, and this measuring device is an optical scanner in which absolute coordinates in the tunnel 1 are arranged at arbitrary coordinate base points. The apparatus 5 and a computer (not shown) that takes in output data from the optical scanner apparatus 5 and performs arithmetic processing and the like.
[0016]
In the present embodiment, as the optical scanner device 5, a scanning rangefinder disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-113262 is used, and its detailed configuration is described in the publication. Here, only the outline will be described.
[0017]
The scanning distance meter 5 projects the laser light on the tunnel inner wall 1a while scanning the laser light from the laser transmitter inside in the vertical and horizontal directions, and receives the reflected light 9b from the scanning point 9c to receive an image. A parallax distance measuring function for measuring a distance to an arbitrary scanning point 9c, and an angle measuring function for detecting the direction of the scanning point 9c.
[0018]
That is, the scanning distance meter 5 projects the laser light 9a from the light projection window 54a onto the tunnel inner wall 1a while detecting the scanning direction and scans the reflected light 9b from the light receiving window 54b. The parallax between the light projection window 54a and the light receiving window 54b for the scanning point 9c is calculated, and the distance from the parallax to the scanning point 9c is calculated one by one. The image data of the scanning point 9c is also taken in through the light projection window 54a. From the scanning distance meter 5, the distance data of the scanning point in the scanning range 9d, the projection direction data, and the image data thereof are output to the outside.
[0019]
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of this scanning rangefinder with its constituent elements narrowed down to the extent necessary for understanding the present invention.
The scanning distance meter 5 includes a laser transmitter 12 that emits shaped laser light, a scanning disk 20 that scans the shaped laser light in the horizontal direction of the scanning range 9d, and the laser light in the vertical direction. The first vertical scanning mirror 46a that scans and projects onto the inner wall of the tunnel through the light projection window 54a, and the first light that is reflected from the scanning point 9c is received through the light receiving window 54b. The second vertical scanning mirror 46b that is driven in synchronization with the vertical scanning mirror 46a and both the laser beam from the vertical scanning mirror 46b and the laser beam scanned in the horizontal direction are received through the scanning disk 20. The detector array 40b for detecting parallax, and the light from the scanning point 9c is received through the projection window 54a, the first vertical scanning mirror 46a, and the scanning disk 20. A detector 40b for capturing an image, are arranged between these components comprising a plurality of relay optics, such as mirrors and lenses for relaying between light.
[0020]
A mechanism for measuring the distance to the scanning point and the direction of the scanning distance meter will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, the locus of the laser beam is indicated by a wavy arrow, a one-dot chain arrow, and a two-dot chain arrow.
[0021]
Laser light (dashed arrow) transmitted from the laser transmitter 12 is directed to the scanning disk 20 above the laser collimator mirror 14.
The scanning disk 20 is a disk having a plurality of dimples 18 that are concave mirrors formed on the lower surface thereof, and is horizontally rotated by a drive motor 58 attached to the center thereof. The laser beam is scanned in the horizontal direction of the scanning range 9d by the laser beam hitting the dimple 18 during the rotation. The scanning direction at this time is detected by a position encoder provided on the scanning disk 20 together with the drive motor 58.
[0022]
The laser light reflected by the dimple 18 enters the double-sided mirror 26 through the strip mirror 22a and the primary mirror 24a. The double-sided mirror 26 is slightly transmissive to laser light, and transmits a part of the incident light (one-dot chain arrow) and reflects the other (dashed arrow). This reflected light (dashed arrow) is directed to the first vertical scanning mirror 46a through the bent mirror 28a.
[0023]
The first vertical scanning mirror 46a is a flat mirror, and is oscillated and rotated in the vertical direction by a drive motor 56 attached to the end face thereof. Then, the laser beam is scanned in the vertical direction of the scanning range 9d when the laser beam hits during the rotation. The scanning direction at this time is detected by a position encoder provided together with the drive motor 56.
[0024]
The laser beam reflected by the first vertical scanning mirror 46a is directed to the tunnel inner wall 9d through the projection window 54a, and scans the inner wall 9d vertically and horizontally. The laser beam (two-dot chain arrow) reflected at the scanning point 9c is incident on the second vertical scanning mirror 46b through the light receiving window 54b disposed next to the light projecting window 54a. The second vertical scanning mirror 46b is oscillated and rotated in synchronization with the first vertical scanning mirror 46b by the drive motor 56.
[0025]
The laser beam reflected by the second vertical scanning mirror 46b is incident on the double-sided mirror 26 via the bending mirror 28b. The laser beam (two-dot chain arrow) reflected by the double-sided mirror 26 is incident on the dimple 18 of the scanning disk 20 through the primary mirror 24b and the strip mirror 22b together with the above-described transmitted laser beam (one-dot chain arrow). To do. The two laser beams reflected by the dimple 18 are received by the detector array 40b via the condensing mirror 30b, the lens, the composite mirror 42, and the like.
[0026]
The detector array 40b has a large number of light receiving elements for sensing light arranged in a row. From the deviation between the light receiving position of the transmitted laser light on the detector array 40b and the light receiving position of the laser light reflected from the scanning point 9c, the line of sight of the scanning point 9c viewed from the light projection window 54a, and the light receiving window The parallax with the line of sight seen from 54b is calculated.
[0027]
The distance from the scanning rangefinder 5 to the scanning point 9c is calculated from the parallax, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the scanning point 9c are calculated from the two position encoders, and the distance data of the scanning point 9c and its projection are calculated. Captured as direction data.
[0028]
Next, referring to FIG. 2B, a mechanism for capturing an image of the scanning point of this scanning rangefinder will be described. In the figure, the locus of light from the scanning point is indicated by a wavy arrow.
[0029]
Natural light (a wavy arrow) reflected or emitted from the scanning point 9c is incident on the first vertical scanning mirror 46a through the projection window 54a. This light then enters the dimple 18 of the scanning disk 20 via the bent mirror 28a, the double-sided mirror 26, the primary mirror 24a, and the strip mirror 22a. The light reflected by the dimple 18 is received by the detector 40a via the condensing mirror 30a. The detector 40a is composed of a charge coupled device or the like, and an image of the scanning point 9c is captured from the detector 40a.
[0030]
The computer includes storage means such as a RAM, calculation means such as a CPU, display means such as a CRT, and input means such as a keyboard. From the scanning distance meter 5, distance data, projection direction data, and image data of a scanning point 9c are obtained. Are stored in the storage means in association with each other. Then, the calculation means calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of all the scanning points from the distance data and the projection direction data, and combines the individual image data to form an entire image in the tunnel in the scanning range 9d. To do.
[0031]
Then, since the three-dimensional coordinates of the scanning point can grasp the shape of the sky in the tunnel three-dimensionally, if the desired position in the tunnel is designated and the three-dimensional coordinate data is read, a part of the inner space can be read. It is possible to display on the display means the internal displacement measurement result that is the displacement of the internal space and the internal space cross-section measurement result that is the coordinates of one cross section of the internal space. Further, since an entire image of the sky inside the tunnel can be formed, an image of the face plane 3 can also be displayed.
That is, it is possible to perform inner-space displacement measurement, inner-space cross-section measurement, and face face imaging with one measuring device.
[0032]
Furthermore, plane information in the tunnel can be calculated from the three-dimensional coordinate data, and the construction state in the tunnel can be closely observed.
[0033]
In addition, the collected 3D coordinate data can be processed with general-purpose image analysis software to create a bird's-eye view of the sky inside the tunnel. It can be used for managing extra windings.
[0035]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, The deformation | transformation as shown to the following (a)-(c) is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary. It is.
(A) In this embodiment, the observation results are displayed on the display means in the field. However, these observation results are transmitted in real time to a distant expert through a communication line, and the observation results are displayed at that location. Also good. In this case, the next construction method can be selected even if an expert is not at the construction site.
(B) It can also be applied to investigation of cracks in tunnel secondary lining concrete.
(C) Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to measurement management for deformation / slip at a tunnel wellhead and other general slopes.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the internal displacement measurement, the internal cross-sectional shape measurement, and the face plane imaging can be performed by a single optical scanner device. The measurement efficiency can be improved by knowing the operation method and characteristics of only the equipment. In addition, maintenance costs can be reduced by performing only one maintenance inspection.
[0037]
Further, since it is not necessary to move the apparatus every time the measurement point changes, the workability is excellent and the work time required for construction management can be shortened.
[0038]
Furthermore, since scanning can perform three-dimensional measurement, plane surface information in the tunnel can be collected, construction accuracy can be improved by this information, and more advanced tunnel construction management can be applied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state of observation by a tunnel construction state detection method according to the present invention, and a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a scanning rangefinder used in the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing an example of internal space displacement measurement according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state of conventional inner-space displacement measurement, inner-space cross-sectional shape measurement, and face face investigation.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel 1a Tunnel inner wall 3 Face face 5 Optical scanner apparatus, scanning distance meter 54a Light projection window 54b Light reception window 9a Projection light 9b Reflection light 9c Scanning point 9d Scanning range

Claims (1)

An optical system that has an image capturing function that captures an image by projecting onto a measurement object while scanning light, a parallax distance measuring function that measures the distance to the scanning point, and an angle measuring function that detects the direction of the scanning point A distance that indicates the distance to the scanning point obtained by the parallax distance measuring function for all scanning points in the scanning range, which is projected using the scanner device while scanning light on the tunnel inner wall in the horizontal and vertical directions. The data and the direction data indicating the direction of the scanning point obtained by the angle measurement function are calculated to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate, and the internal displacement measurement information and the internal cross-sectional shape measurement information are obtained from the three-dimensional coordinate. A method for detecting a construction state in a tunnel, characterized in that the face surface image information is obtained from an image of the sky inside the tunnel captured by the image capture function.

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