CN109959343A - A kind of device and method deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building - Google Patents
A kind of device and method deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building Download PDFInfo
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- CN109959343A CN109959343A CN201910242267.4A CN201910242267A CN109959343A CN 109959343 A CN109959343 A CN 109959343A CN 201910242267 A CN201910242267 A CN 201910242267A CN 109959343 A CN109959343 A CN 109959343A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of devices deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building, including laser beam emitting device, laser signal reception device, data processing system, laser beam emitting device includes laser emitter, power supply, fixed pedestal, and laser emitter is fixed on the base；The laser signal reception device is fixed on the top of super high-rise building；Data processing system goes out practical swing displacement, amplitude and the variation of super high-rise building by the hot spot real-time resolving moved on capture laser receiver, is shown using threedimensional model.The invention also discloses a kind of measurement methods of device using the deformation of laser monitoring super high-rise building, the related datas such as frequency, amplitude and the long-term tendency of super high-rise building top swing can be effectively obtained using the monitoring device that laser carries out super high-rise building deformation, monitoring accuracy is high, monitoring velocity is fast, can meet the needs of round-the-clock real-time monitoring；The monitoring device is at low cost simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to architectural engineering monitoring technical field, it is especially a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation
Device and method.
Background technique
" civil buildings design general rule " (GB 50352-2005) in China divides residential housing according to the number of plies are as follows: one layer extremely
Three layers are low-rise dwelling, and four layers to six layers are multi-storey building, and seven layers to nine layers are semi-high-rise housing, and ten layers and ten layers the above are height
Layer house.It is single layer and tier building that civil buildings height in addition to residential housing, which is not more than 24m person, and being greater than 24m person is height
Layer building (not including the single layer public building that building height is greater than 24m)；Civil buildings of the building height greater than 100m are superelevation
Layer building.According to statistics: by by, in by the end of September, 2018, it is big that China (including Hongkong and Macro Tai Area) is completed super high rise building number
About Building 260, wherein 100-200 meters of about Building 100；200-300 meters of about Building 80,300 meters or more about Building 80.Currently, I
The top building of state be Shanghai Center Building, about 632 meters.For building, because being influenced (such as by environmental load
By wind load, earthquake load, temperature change), fatigue effect, corrosion and the aging of material of self structure, more even
Artificial factor, building can be all deformed with the passing of the years and gradually, and the structural bearing capacity of building also can be by
Gradually reduce.Be usually expressed as building and show uniform or non-uniform sedimentation, or occur some cracks, inclination, torsion,
The phenomenon that displacement, will cause to a certain extent broken when these deformation values are more than Building Design permissible value to building
It is bad.The formation of building accident is not thing overnight, and accident is all by the process by a deformation.Super high-rise building because
It is more dangerous and complicated in the process of construction, operation and management compared with common building for the feature in its height.With general class
The building of type is compared, super high rise structure can be generated under the influence of the factors such as wind load, Sunlight Action, earthquake become apparent it is dynamic
State deformation.There are many dynamic deformation amounts for needing emphasis to monitor with serviceability limit stage in the construction stage for super high-rise building, such as
Vibration amplitude, tilt angle, oscillation trajectory, velocity and acceleration under wind action etc..Wind load is one complicated non-
Stationary random process, this results in wind and shows intermittent and dynamic to the effect of fabric structure, and inquires into wind speed and surpass
The relationship of high-rise dynamic deformation has a very important significance the security evaluation of structure.
The prior art generallys use laser plummet and carries out the transmitting of Plane Control Net for Construction, GPS hair or measurement machine
People's method, but construction plane control is carried out using laser plummet and lives the transmitting netted, to tower body because sunshine, wind-force, the temperature difference etc. are more
The Sunday swing monitoring attention rate that factor influences is inadequate, and there are risk points, and this method is only applicable in super high-rise building building course
In tower body swing monitoring, can not continue after the completion of construction implement monitoring；The methods of GPS method robot measurement is to environment of observation
There is high requirement (GPS method requires have good environment of observation, and robot measurement method is adjusted the distance to be required with vertical angle)；Separately
Outside, the real-time expression of the methods of GPS, robot measurement are acquired in data automation, building swing information and data are adopted
Collection, data transmission, the indoor and field integration of data processing etc. could be improved.
Summary of the invention
It is provided the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of super using laser monitoring
The device and method of skyscraper deformation, methods and apparatus of the present invention can effectively obtain the position of super high-rise building top swing
The related datas such as shifting, amplitude and long-term tendency, monitoring accuracy is high, and monitoring velocity is fast, can meet the needs of round-the-clock real-time monitoring；
The monitoring device is at low cost simultaneously.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building proposed according to the present invention, including two sets of Laser emissions
With reception device and data processing system, this two sets of Laser emissions and reception device are located at monitored super high-rise building
The adjacent two sides of object, a set of Laser emission and reception device include 1 laser beam emitting device and 1 laser receiver, laser
Reception device is that laser facula receives target, and 2 laser receivers are fixed on the sustained height at the top of super high-rise building, and laser connects
The reception target surface of receiving apparatus is mutually perpendicular to perpendicular to the reception target surface of horizontal plane and two laser receivers；Laser beam emitting device
Including 2 laser emitters and pedestal, pedestal is arranged at the firm basic point lower than super high-rise building, and laser emitter is fixed on
On pedestal, there is distance between two laser emitters；Wherein,
Laser emitter, the matched laser receiver of laser beam while directive institute for that will emit；
Laser receiver forms laser facula for capturing the laser beam that laser emitter is emitted；
Data processing system, for the change in location using the relatively former calibration point of the captured laser facula of laser receiver
The practical swing displacement and angle of super high-rise building are calculated, and then simulates super high-rise building top central point three-dimensional coordinate
Curve movement；Former calibration point is the laser spot center point that super high-rise building is demarcated when deformation occurs.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of device using the deformation of laser monitoring super high-rise building of the present invention, 2
A laser receiver has identical size.
As it is of the present invention it is a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device advanced optimize scheme, swash
Light emitting devices further includes rotating device, and one end of rotating device is connect with pedestal, the other end and Laser emission of rotating device
Emitted laser angle is adjusted according to rotating device in device connection, laser emitter.
As it is of the present invention it is a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device advanced optimize scheme, often
The light beam that two laser emitter directive laser faculas receive target included in set Laser emission and reception device does not converge
In a bit, when demarcating installation, the line of 2 hot spot points is parallel to horizontal plane, and the laser that two laser emitters are issued
Shu Bixu is coplanar.
As it is of the present invention it is a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device advanced optimize scheme, base
Seat setting consolidates at basic point on ground, and pedestal is greater than the half of super high-rise building overall height at a distance from super high-rise building.
As it is of the present invention it is a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device advanced optimize scheme, institute
Stating laser beam emitting device further includes solar panel and/or backup power source, and solar panel and/or backup power source setting exist
On pedestal, solar panel and/or backup power source provide power supply for laser emitter.
As it is of the present invention it is a kind of using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device advanced optimize scheme, also
Including display device, display device is connect with data processing system, the super high-rise building top that data processing system will calculate
On the real-time three-dimensional coordinate matching of central point to the super high-rise building threedimensional model established；Display device will be after Data Matching
Super High threedimensional model swings variation and its three-dimensional coordinate real-time display of top central point comes out.
Based on a kind of measurement method of above-mentioned device using the deformation of laser monitoring super high-rise building, including following step
It is rapid:
Two laser receivers capture laser beam emitting device in real time and emit laser facula onto itself；
Data processing system extracts the laser facula edge on laser receiver, to the ellipse figure edge of laser facula
Point fitting, seeks laser spot center point coordinate；
In the laser facula that the laser spot center sought out point coordinate and super high-rise building are demarcated when deformation occurs
Heart point coordinate is compared, and show that two sets of laser receivers amount to the change in displacement information of 4 laser spot center points；
Change in displacement information is combined into mutual the constraint relationship of two laser receivers on spatial position, calculates two
The three-dimensional coordinate of a laser receiver central point；
The laser receiver central point that foundation super high-rise building calculates when deformation occurs is relative to super high-rise building
The positional relationship of top central point, the real-time three-dimensional coordinate transformation of laser receiver central point go out super high-rise building top center
The real-time three-dimensional coordinate of point；
According to the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of Super High top central point, the three-dimensional curve of the real-time change, gained are simulated
Curve is the information that super high-rise building top is swung.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that
(1) present invention can effectively monitor the deformation of super high-rise building using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device
Situation realizes automation, round-the-clock monitoring；
(2) present invention can pass through two sets of laser beam emitting devices and laser using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device
Signal receiving device, resolving system realize each orientation deformation monitoring of super high-rise building, and structure is simple and effective, at low cost, facilitate reality
With；
(3) present invention is monitored using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device by pre-set program automatically, is grasped
Make simple, intelligence, is conducive to a wide range of promote.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is novel super-high layer building deformation monitoring of structures schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the fixed position view of laser emitter.
Fig. 3 is laser receiver center point and the pre- calibration point schematic diagram of light spot received.
Fig. 4 is laser spot center point position calculation flow chart.
Fig. 5 is data processing implementation flow chart.
Fig. 6 is that super high-rise building top dead center position offset coordinates resolve schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that super high-rise building top dead center position offset coordinates resolve schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 a is that super high-rise building top dead center position offset coordinates resolve schematic diagram, and Fig. 8 b is caught by the face E laser target plate
The information obtained.
Fig. 9 is monitoring device structural block diagram.
Appended drawing reference in figure is explained are as follows: 1- laser emitter, 2- laser beam emitting device fixed pedestal, the emitted laser of 3-
Harness, 4- laser receiver, 5- super high-rise building, 6- super high-rise building top center position, 7- laser pick-off target plate, 8-
The pre- calibration point of laser facula catch position (right side), 9- laser pick-off target plate center, 10- laser facula catch position are marked in advance
It pinpoints in (left side).
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, Laser emission and reception device are two sets total, wherein including two fixed pedestals 2 in every covering device
With laser emitter 1, a laser receiver 4；
Laser emitter 1 is fixed on the firm basic point with a distance from super high-rise building low side certain level by fixed pedestal 2
On；
The selection of fixed pedestal is as shown in Fig. 2, two fixed pedestals in every set Laser emission and reception device should be apart
Distance be greater than super high-rise building overall height half be advisable；The lines of two fixed pedestals and super high-rise building apart away from
It is advisable from the half for being greater than super high-rise building overall height；
Laser pick-off target plate 7 is fixed on the surface on 5 top of super high-rise building, the target plate face horizontal by being disposed vertically,
Two sets of laser pick-off target plate faces are individually fixed in the adjacent two sides on super high-rise building top, it is desirable that two target plate face level heights one
It causes, and the positional relationship of two plate faces is in be mutually perpendicular to (position as shown in Figure 1)；
Further, gentle breeze or calm weather are selected, laser emitter 1 is adjusted, emits two transmitters in every set
Laser beam out is beaten in the laser target plate face of laser receiver, it is desirable that the laser that laser emitter is emitted positioned at left side
Light beam gets to pre- calibration point 10 on the left of target plate, and the laser beam 3 that right side laser emitter is emitted gets to pre- calibration on the left of target plate
Point 8, and two o'clock, at a distance of 20CM, in calibration adjustment, the line of 2 hot spot points is parallel to horizontal plane (as shown in Figure 3), it is desirable that two
Laser beam is coplanar.
Adjacent side on super high-rise building top lays laser beam emitting device and laser receiver；
Further, guarantee that two laser receiver laser target plates are located at adjacent the two of super high-rise building top
Side, two target plate structural areas are identical, are fixed on sustained height, two target surfaces are perpendicular to horizontal plane and are mutually perpendicular to (position as shown in Figure 1
It sets).
Laser facula edge is extracted, the position of laser center point is calculated by algorithm, and then guarantee laser facula
The accuracy of measurement of real time position.
Determine that the regional scope of hot spot, given threshold establish light spot image by the pretreatment of representation of laser facula first
The method of segmentation obtains the outer boundary of circle ring area, is fitted by marginal point, to obtain the specific location of hot spot, is swashed
The accurate centre coordinate of light hot spot, spot center position extraction process process are as shown in Figure 4.
(1) noise jamming is removed, sets hot spot g (i, j) segmentation threshold according to the gray-scale pixel values (i, j) of target plate image.
(2) it is set according to threshold value as a result, obtaining glossing up point regional scope.
(3) the pixel average T within the scope of assert spot area is calculated1:
(4) it is tested according to corresponding transmitting range, threshold value T1Coefficient k calculates final threshold value Tf,
Tf=kT1
(5) according to threshold value TfLaser facula edge is extracted, least square fitting is carried out to the edge of hot spot ellipse, is extracted
Spot center point position.
Fit equation:
Wherein, (xi,yi) (i=1,2 ... n) be fitted ellipse edge coordinate, A, B, C, D, E is in oval general equation
Coefficient, min indicate fitting minimum value；
The elliptical center point coordinate of gained after fitting is averaging, counts by the big point of deleted residual in fitting result
Calculation obtains laser spot center point coordinate.
Data processing system process, as shown in figure 5, according to the stream of one embodiment of the data processing method of the application
Journey.Data processing method, comprising the following steps:
Step 501, the acquisition of laser facula, laser receiver 4 are the laser as composed by PSD position sensitive detectors
Hot spot receives target, is fixed on the top of super high-rise building and target surface is perpendicular to horizontal plane, emitted for capturing laser emitter
Laser facula.
Step 502, laser spot center point position calculates, since laser beam is not vertical directive laser pick-off target plate version
Face, but at an angle, the elliptical eccentricity that the hot spot captured on the smaller laser pick-off target plate of angle shows is bigger,
The more bad determination in the center of hot spot, it is therefore desirable to image segmentation be carried out to representation of laser facula, be fitted and counted by marginal point
It calculates, obtains the accurate coordinate of laser facula.
Step 503, laser pick-off target plate face center position coordinates calculate, the laser spot center that will be found out in step 502
Point coordinate is compared with its calibration coordinate when initially building device, show that two sets of laser receivers amount to 4 laser faculas
The change in displacement information of central point, and assisted by the laser spot position that another laser pick-off target plate receives,
Center when laser pick-off target plate central point does not shift relative to former super high-rise building after super high-rise building is displaced can be calculated
The pose of point (laser pick-off target plate center 9) changes, according to the calculated result of current time relative attitude, in conjunction with former laser
Receive target plate face central point (laser pick-off target plate center 9) coordinate obtain shift after target surface central point real-time three
Tie up coordinate.
Step 504, super high-rise building top dead center position coordinate calculates, the super high-rise building solved by step 503
The three-dimensional coordinate of target plate central point after offset, according to two laser pick-off target plates when calculating super high-rise building early period deformation occurs
Spatial relation between the three-dimensional coordinate and three of 6 position of central point and super high-rise building top center position calculates
Central point real-time three-dimensional coordinate in top when super high-rise building deviates out.
Step 505, the change in displacement threedimensional model of center point at any time is established, according to early period to be detected super
Skyscraper measurement data establishes the threedimensional model of the building, in conjunction with the calculated top center position variation of step 504 institute
Three-dimensional coordinate, establish dynamic 3 D model.
Step 506, comprehensive analysis, data processing system combine same day wind direction, wind-force, temperature, humidity, air pressure in real time etc.
Environmental information draws the scatter plot of each independent variable (environmental information) and dependent variable (being more than skyscraper offset), utilizes weight
Influence of the environmental information to super high-rise building offset is compared in regression analysis analysis.
Step 507, display system, by the dynamic change effect of super high-rise building threedimensional model generated in step 505
It is showed by display system, while showing that the various environmental information values compared in step 506 and wind-force are built with Super High
Build the degree of correlation information of displacement.
Super high-rise building top central point three-dimensional coordinate calculated example.
Assuming that a certain moment super high-rise building top deviates to the right, as shown in fig. 6, left side is to show more than skyscraper offset
It is intended to, right side is two laser pick-off target plates for being fixed on super high-rise building top, and the stain on target plate is the laser that is captured
Hot spot.The main process of data processing seeks to calculate super high-rise building top center by the facula position information on two target plates
The three-dimensional coordinate of point position 6.
It is illustrated in figure 7 the information that the face N laser target plate is captured, calculates line and the target plate x wire institute of two laser faculas
The angle ∠ 1 of formation, 1 degree of ∠ obtained are both the angle of the super high-rise building position right avertence.
The information captured such as Fig. 8 b by the face E laser target plate, wherein when A, B, O point are that super high-rise building does not shift
Two laser beams beat hot spot point and target plate central point to target plate face, it is inclined that A ', B ' point are that the super high-rise building moment occurs
Two laser beams when shifting beat the hot spot to target plate face.
As shown in Figure 8 a, AA ' and two straight line of BB ' are expressed as the linear laser beam that laser emitter is issued, two harness
Positional relationship is it is known that the distance between A, B is former calibration distance 20cm, and the distance between A ', B ' can be captured by target plate to be measured, therefore
The distance of OC can be found out, O ' is the deviation post of target plate original O point after the super high-rise building instants offset, and the size of O ' C there can be target
Plate obtains.
In △ OCO ', OC, O ' C are it is known that ∠ OCO ' is handing in retroactively for ∠ 1, therefore the distance of OO ' can be obtained according to the cosine law
Out.
Further, the coordinate put by former O (x, y, z), in conjunction with the distance and bearing information of OO ', calculate O ' (x ', y ',
Z ') three-dimensional coordinate.
Further, the three-dimensional of super high-rise building top central point 6 is calculated according to the three-dimensional coordinate of O ' (x ', y ', z ')
Coordinate, such as step 504.
Display system, the main contents that display system is presented include following aspect:
(1) threedimensional model that super high-rise building is swung in real time, as described in step 505；
(2) super high-rise building horizontal direction swings variation track figure, and the horizontal direction of super high-rise building is monitored with this figure
Offset information；
(3) super high-rise building vertical direction swings variation track figure, and the sedimentation information of super high-rise building is monitored with this figure；
(4) real time environment information: wind speed, wind-force, wind direction, temperature, humidity, air pressure etc., as super high-rise building deformation
External environment impact factor；
(5) relational graph that wind speed/wind-force deforms super high-rise building is compared analysis as described in step 506, display
As a result.
A kind of structural block diagram using laser monitoring super high-rise building deformation device of the invention is as shown in Figure 9.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those familiar with the art, all answers
It is included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building, which is characterized in that including two sets of Laser emissions and reception
Device and data processing system, this two sets of Laser emissions and reception device are located at the phase of monitored super high rise building
Adjacent two sides, a set of Laser emission and reception device include 1 laser beam emitting device and 1 laser receiver, laser pick-off dress
It is set to laser facula and receives target, 2 laser receivers are fixed on the sustained height at the top of super high-rise building, laser receiver
Reception target surface be mutually perpendicular to perpendicular to the reception target surface of horizontal plane and two laser receivers；Laser beam emitting device includes 2
A laser emitter and pedestal, pedestal are arranged at the firm basic point lower than super high-rise building, and laser emitter is fixed on pedestal
On, there is distance between two laser emitters；Wherein,
Laser emitter, the matched laser receiver of laser beam while directive institute for that will emit；
Laser receiver forms laser facula for capturing the laser beam that laser emitter is emitted；
Data processing system, for being resolved using the change in location of the relatively former calibration point of the captured laser facula of laser receiver
The practical swing displacement and angle of super high-rise building out, and then simulate the movement of super high-rise building top central point three-dimensional coordinate
Curve；Former calibration point is the laser spot center point that super high-rise building is demarcated when deformation occurs.
2. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that 2
Laser receiver has identical size.
3. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that laser
Emitter further includes rotating device, and one end of rotating device is connect with pedestal, the other end and laser emitter of rotating device
Emitted laser angle is adjusted according to rotating device in connection, laser emitter.
4. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every set
The light beam that two laser emitter directive laser faculas receive target included in Laser emission and reception device does not converge at
A bit, when demarcating installation, the line of 2 hot spot points is parallel to horizontal plane, and the laser beam that two laser emitters are issued
It must be coplanar.
5. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pedestal
Setting consolidates at basic point on ground, and pedestal is greater than the half of super high-rise building overall height at a distance from super high-rise building.
6. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Laser beam emitting device further includes solar panel and/or backup power source, and solar panel and/or backup power source are arranged in base
On seat, solar panel and/or backup power source provide power supply for laser emitter.
7. a kind of device deformed using laser monitoring super high-rise building according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also wrap
Display device is included, display device is connect with data processing system, and data processing system will be in the super high-rise building top that calculated
On the real-time three-dimensional coordinate matching of heart point to the super high-rise building threedimensional model established；Display device will be super after Data Matching
High-rise threedimensional model swings variation and its three-dimensional coordinate real-time display of top central point comes out.
8. special based on a kind of measurement method of the device using the deformation of laser monitoring super high-rise building described in claim 1
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
Two laser receivers capture laser beam emitting device in real time and emit laser facula onto itself；
Data processing system extracts the laser facula edge on laser receiver, quasi- to the ellipse figure marginal point of laser facula
It closes, seeks laser spot center point coordinate；
The laser spot center point that the laser spot center sought out point coordinate and super high-rise building are demarcated when deformation occurs
Coordinate is compared, and show that two sets of laser receivers amount to the change in displacement information of 4 laser spot center points；
Change in displacement information is combined into mutual the constraint relationship of two laser receivers on spatial position, two is calculated and swashs
The three-dimensional coordinate of optical receiver apparatus central point；
The laser receiver central point that foundation super high-rise building calculates when deformation occurs is relative to super high-rise building top
The positional relationship of central point, the real-time three-dimensional coordinate transformation of laser receiver central point go out super high-rise building top central point
Real-time three-dimensional coordinate；
According to the real-time three-dimensional coordinate of Super High top central point, the three-dimensional curve of the real-time change, curve obtained are simulated
It is the information that super high-rise building top is swung.
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| CN114858073A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-05 | 北京建筑大学 | Deformation detection system and deformation detection method |
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| CN115183681A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | 深圳大学 | Laser measurement method and system for structural displacement |
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