CN115325940B - High-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method - Google Patents

High-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method Download PDF

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CN115325940B
CN115325940B CN202210949533.9A CN202210949533A CN115325940B CN 115325940 B CN115325940 B CN 115325940B CN 202210949533 A CN202210949533 A CN 202210949533A CN 115325940 B CN115325940 B CN 115325940B
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laser
displacement
measuring point
horizontal
axis
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CN115325940A (en
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张东昱
李惠
田家栋
倪莉
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and a method. The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring engineering. The invention combines the laser emitter, the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target to form three types of measuring points of a top measuring point, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point, and the measuring points are distributed on a high-rise building according to a certain mode to form a set of high-rise building structure earthquake displacement response monitoring system, and provides an analysis method of the system measurement data. The system can realize synchronous measurement of dynamic displacement and rotation angle of the high-rise building earthquake and measurement of residual displacement of the high-rise building structure after the earthquake under the condition of no fixed monitoring points.

Description

High-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring engineering, in particular to a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method.
Background
High-rise buildings play a vital role in modern society operation. High-rise building structures located in high-intensity areas of earthquake may be subjected to strong earthquake extreme loading during service, causing structural damage. The method can be used for rapidly evaluating the damage state of the high-rise building structure after earthquake, and plays an important role in earthquake relief and rapid recovery of urban functions after earthquake. In order to more accurately master the post-earthquake damage condition of the high-rise building structure, a plurality of high-rise buildings are provided with structural health monitoring systems. At present, a high-rise building structure health monitoring system mainly adopts vibration, strain, inclination angle and other types of sensors. The key indexes of the horizontal dynamic displacement response maximum value of the high-rise building structure and the residual displacement of the structure after the earthquake, which are important for evaluating the damage state of the high-rise building under the earthquake action, are seldom measured due to the limitation of the technical conditions.
The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the high-rise building structure mainly comprises the following steps: acceleration response integration, total station, GPS, computer vision methods, and laser projection methods. The acceleration response integration method is not applicable to long-term structural displacement monitoring because the integration displacement result is extremely easy to drift. The total station is mainly used for the periodic detection of the displacement of the structural monitoring points, and can only measure the displacement of one monitoring point at each moment, so that the requirement of continuous monitoring of the structural multi-point displacement response cannot be met. GPS dynamic displacement measurement can only measure the displacement of the top of a building, and has limited precision (about 1.5-2 cm).
The computer vision displacement monitoring method uses a camera to irradiate the structural displacement monitoring points, and converts the actual structural displacement response through the pixel movement of the monitoring points in the image. In order to obtain accurate structural displacement, the computer vision displacement monitoring method requires that the mounting position of the camera is fixed; or a stationary object within the field of view of the camera, for correcting structural displacement measurement errors due to camera movement. However, when there is translational and rotational movement of the camera mounting position, it is difficult to eliminate the structural displacement measurement error due to the camera movement. For displacement monitoring of high-rise buildings, the camera observation points which are fixed are difficult to find, so that the camera observation points are difficult to apply.
The laser projection method is characterized in that a laser is arranged on a structure, laser is emitted by the laser to project on a target at a distance to form a light spot, the light spot moves on the target due to structural displacement, and a camera arranged on the target recognizes the light spot displacement through a computer vision technology, so that structural displacement response is obtained. However, the movement of the laser spot on the target is not only related to the displacement of the structure where the laser is mounted, but also to the rotational response of the structure where the laser is mounted, and therefore, when the structure has a rotational response at the same time, the corresponding structural displacement response cannot be obtained simply directly from the spot displacement.
A new invention (patent application number: 202011626873.5, patent name: a large-scale structure multipoint displacement and rotation response synchronous monitoring system and a data analysis method thereof) appears in the laser projection displacement monitoring research direction, and the invention provides a laser receiver capable of simultaneously measuring the displacement and the rotation angle of projection laser. However, since it is difficult to find a stationary measurement base point for a high-rise building, it is also difficult to achieve accurate measurement of the seismic dynamic displacement response of the high-rise building without the stationary measurement base point using only the laser receiver described above. In addition, residual displacement between high-rise buildings after an earthquake is also an important basis for judging the damage degree of the earthquake of the structure, but for the actual high-rise building structure, a high-efficiency and simple measuring method is still lacking.
In summary, in practical application of dynamic displacement measurement of high-rise buildings, it is difficult to find a fixed monitoring base point, and the existing structural displacement monitoring technology cannot accurately measure the earthquake displacement response and post-earthquake structural residual displacement of the high-rise building structure. Therefore, the high-rise building structure earthquake displacement response monitoring system with high efficiency and no fixed measurement base point is developed, and has extremely important practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring system and method for solving the problem that the dynamic displacement and the post-earthquake structure residual displacement of a high-rise building structure are difficult to effectively monitor under the condition of no moving measurement base points in the prior high-rise building structure displacement monitoring technology.
The invention provides a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and a method, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system, the system comprising: the device comprises a top measuring point, a 1 st laser emitter, a2 nd laser emitter, a 3 rd laser emitter, a laser receiver, a camera, a horizontal laser target, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point;
The top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, the nodes are in open view, the bottom measuring point is arranged at the bottom of the monitoring building section of the high-rise building, the top measuring point is arranged at the top of the monitoring building section of the high-rise building, and the middle measuring point is arranged at the floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; when the number of floor displacements needs to be measured between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point, a plurality of middle measuring points are arranged.
Preferably, the 1 st laser emitter and the laser receiver are fixedly arranged at the top measuring point; the bottom measuring point is fixedly provided with a 3 rd laser emitter and a horizontal laser target, a camera is arranged on the horizontal laser target, and the camera is used for shooting the laser spot position projected on the horizontal laser target; the middle measuring point is fixedly provided with a2 nd laser transmitter which is turned on or turned off by a remote control switch; and the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target are respectively provided with a 2-way acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system, and the 2-way acceleration sensor and the data acquisition system are used for measuring the acceleration responses of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
Preferably, the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter fixedly installed at the top measuring point points to the horizontal laser targets installed at the bottom measuring points; the laser receiver section fixedly installed at the top measuring point is used for receiving laser reflected by the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point;
The 3 rd laser emitter fixedly installed at the bottom measuring point emits laser to point to the laser receiver installed at the top measuring point; a camera fixedly arranged at the bottom measuring point shoots the spot position of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter projected on the horizontal laser target;
The laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter fixedly arranged at the middle measuring point points to the laser receiver arranged at the top measuring point.
Preferably, when the high-rise building is subjected to horizontal deformation under the action of earthquake, the 1 st laser emitter at the top measuring point, the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point generate translation and rotation in 2 horizontal directions along with the deformation of the building;
And a laser receiver at the top measuring point is internally provided with a laser measuring unit, and the translational displacement and the rotation angle of the received laser in 2 horizontal directions are measured simultaneously.
A method of monitoring seismic displacement of a high-rise building, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: a certain moment when the high-rise building does not deform in the horizontal direction is selected as a reference moment, the 1 st, the 2 nd and the 3 rd laser transmitters are respectively started at the reference moment, and the horizontal displacement and the rotation response of the high-rise building, which are respectively measured by the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target, are adopted as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building during the earthquake action and the residual displacement and rotation angle response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as offset relative to the reference value;
Step 2: after the measurement reference values of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd laser transmitters are obtained, the 2 nd laser transmitter is turned off, and the displacement response of the high-rise building is monitored by using only the 1 st laser transmitter, the 3 rd laser transmitter, the laser receiver, the camera and the acceleration sensors at the laser receiver and the camera;
Step 3: the method comprises the steps of performing time synchronization on a laser receiver and a camera and an acceleration sensor arranged at the laser receiver and the camera; after time synchronization is completed, measuring is carried out at different sampling frequencies; the laser receiver and the camera synchronously measure the displacement and rotation angle response of the laser received by the laser receiver and the camera at a low sampling frequency f l, and the acceleration measurement system synchronously measures the structural acceleration response at a high sampling frequency f h.
Preferably, according to displacement and rotation angle response data measured by the laser receiver and the camera in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, horizontal displacement and rotation angle response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point are determined according to the following steps:
The displacement of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions at a certain measuring moment is u 1 and v 1 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 1,x and theta 1,y respectively; the displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is u 3 and v 3 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 3,x and theta 3,y respectively; at this time, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver in 2 horizontal directions is D u1 and D v1, respectively, and the rotation angles of the laser light around the y-axis and around the x-axis are a u1 and a v1, respectively; the displacement of the laser measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is D u3 and D v3 respectively;
step A001: according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by all laser receivers and cameras in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis can be expressed by formulas (1) to (3):
Du1=u13,yH1-u3 (1)
Au1=θ1,y3,y (2)
Du3=u31,yH1-u1 (3)
step A002: let u' 1=u1-u3 be the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, then equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
Du1=u′13,yH1 (4)
Du3=-u′11,yH1 (5)
Step A003: equation (4) plus equation (5) and reduced to the following equation:
-(θ1,y3,y)H1=Du1+Du3 (6)
The simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain corner responses theta 1,y and theta 3,y; bringing the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1;
Step A004: the displacement of the laser light measured by all laser receivers and cameras in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis are expressed by formulas (7) to (9)
Dv1=v13,xH1-v3 (7)
Av1=θ1,x3,x (8)
Dv3=v31,xH1-v1 (9)
Step A005: let v' 1=v1-v3 be the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the base measurement point on the y-axis, then formulas (7) and (9) are rewritten as:
Dv1=v′13,xH1 (10)
Dv3=-v′11,xH1 (11)
step A006: equation (10) plus equation (11), and the reduction can be obtained:
-(θ1,x3,x)H1=Dv1+Dv3 (12)
And (3) solving the simultaneous equations (8) and (12) to obtain corner responses theta 1,x and theta 3,x, and then introducing the result into the equation (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1.
Preferably, after the displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction at the low sampling frequency f l is obtained by utilizing the laser measurement data of the laser receiver and the camera, the dynamic displacement response of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction at the high sampling frequency f h is calculated by combining the high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by the integrated acceleration sensor in the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Adopting all laser receivers and camera measurement data, and calculating any one of the obtained relative displacement responses u '1 and v' 1 of the 2 high-rise buildings; x (t 0) and x (t 0+Δtl) (where Δt l=1/fl) represent the displacement response taking on values at times t 0 and t 0+Δtl, respectively; measuring data by adopting an acceleration sensor, and calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t); setting the monitoring data of the acceleration response a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period as [ a (t 0)a(t0+Δtl/N)…a(t0+Δtl) ] (wherein, n=f h/fl);
According to the integral relation among displacement, speed and acceleration response, the following formula is obtained:
Wherein v (t 0) represents the structural velocity response at time t 0; the third acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is obtained by monitoring data of a (t) in a [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period through numerical integration; v (t 0) is obtained by the formula (13):
substituting the result of formula (14) into formula (15) to obtain structural displacement response at high sampling frequency f h:
The third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is obtained by numerical integration from the monitored data of a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period.
Preferably, after the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is recovered to be static, the residual displacement response of the high-rise building is measured and calculated according to the following steps:
Step B001:
Let the residual displacement of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions be And/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the middle measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is/>, respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser light emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is/>, respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Calculating to obtain residual corner response (/ >) of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finishedAnd/>) And residual horizontal displacement (/ >) of the top measurement point relative to the bottom measurement point in 2 directions);
Step B002:
closing the 3 rd laser emitter, opening the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point, and calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point by using the measurement data of the laser receiver; according to the arrangement of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis are expressed by formulas (16) to (19):
from formulas (17) and (19) in combination with the calculation in step B001 And/>Calculated/>And/>A numerical value;
So that Substituting the obtained products into formulas (16) and (18) to obtain
Combining the calculated horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point with respect to the bottom measuring point in the step B001And/>AndAnd/>The calculated result of the (4) is used for obtaining the horizontal residual displacement/>, relative to the bottom measuring point, of the middle measuring pointAnd/>
When the monitoring system is provided with a plurality of intermediate measuring points, the provided method can be adopted to calculate the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle of each intermediate measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point. And then, calculating the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle between any two adjacent middle measuring points by utilizing the result.
The present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor for implementing a high-rise seismic displacement monitoring method.
The invention provides a computer device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor runs the computer program stored in the memory, the processor executes a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention combines the laser transmitter, the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target to form three types of measuring points of a top layer measuring point, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point, and the measuring points are distributed on a building section of a high-rise building needing to monitor earthquake displacement according to a certain mode to form a set of high-rise building earthquake displacement response monitoring system. The system can realize synchronous measurement of monitoring the relative horizontal dynamic displacement and the rotation angle of the top part and the top floor of the floor section in the earthquake action process and monitoring of residual displacement response among the top layer measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom layer measuring point which are generated by building structure damage after the earthquake under the condition of no fixed measuring base point. The monitoring result has important significance for rapidly evaluating the earthquake damage state of the high-rise building.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-rise building structure seismic displacement monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the data calculation and analysis of the seismic displacement monitoring system for the high-rise building structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
First embodiment:
According to the specific optimization technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems, as shown in the figures 1 to 2, the technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and a method.
The invention relates to a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring system.
According to the earthquake displacement monitoring requirement of the high-rise building structure, the layout position of the monitoring system is determined, and the specific layout requirement is as follows:
The floor section required to be laid for monitoring the earthquake displacement of the high-rise building structure is selected, and the bottom area of the high-rise building structure or the area where the weak floor is located in the high-rise building structure can be selected, so that the area is easy to displace greatly under the action of the earthquake, and structural damage is generated.
The invention provides a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring system which is composed of three types of measuring points, namely a top measuring point 1, a middle measuring point 2 and a bottom measuring point 3, and is shown in combination with fig. 1. The top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, and the nodes can be seen through; as shown in fig. 1, a bottom measuring point 3 is arranged at the bottom of a high-rise building monitoring floor section, a top measuring point 1 is arranged at the top of the high-rise building monitoring floor section, and a middle measuring point 2 is arranged at the floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; when a plurality of floor displacement amounts need to be measured between the top and bottom measuring points, a plurality of intermediate measuring points 2 may be provided.
The three types of measuring points, namely a top measuring point 1, a middle measuring point 2 and a bottom measuring point 3, form a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement measuring system as follows. As shown in fig. 1, the top measuring point 1 is fixedly provided with a1 st laser transmitter 5-1 and a laser receiver 4; the bottom measuring point 3 is fixedly provided with a 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 and a horizontal laser target 6, a camera 7 is arranged on the horizontal laser target, and the camera 7 is used for shooting the laser spot position projected on the horizontal laser target; the middle measuring point 2 is fixedly provided with a2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 which can be turned on or turned off by a remote control switch. And a 2-way acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system are respectively arranged at the laser receiver 4 and the horizontal laser target 6 and are used for measuring the acceleration responses of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
The laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter 5-1 fixedly installed at the top measuring point 1 points to the horizontal laser target 6 installed at the bottom measuring point 3; the laser receiver section 4 fixedly installed at the top measuring point 1 is used for receiving laser reflected by the 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3 at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 at the middle measuring point 2; the laser emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 fixedly installed at the bottom measuring point 3 points to the laser receiver 4 installed at the top measuring point 1; a camera 7 fixedly arranged at the bottom measuring point shoots the spot position of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter 5-1 projected on the horizontal laser target 6; the laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter 5-2 fixedly installed at the middle measuring point 2 is directed to the laser receiver 4 installed at the top measuring point 1.
In order to enable the measuring system to accurately measure the earthquake displacement response of the high-rise building structure, the measuring system needs to ensure that all laser transmitters, laser receivers and horizontal laser targets arranged at the top measuring point 1, the middle measuring point 2 and the bottom measuring point 3 and the devices are tightly and fixedly connected with the high-rise building structure, so that the devices and the high-rise building structure have the same displacement, rotation angle and acceleration response.
When the high-rise building is deformed, the 1 st laser emitter 5-1, the 2 nd laser emitter 5-2 and the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 which are arranged at the top measuring point 1, the middle measuring point 2 and the bottom measuring point 3 can translate and rotate in the 2 horizontal directions of the high-rise building structure; the laser receiver 4 arranged at the top measuring point 1 is internally provided with a laser measuring unit, and can measure the horizontal displacement of the laser received by the laser receiver at a high-rise building and the rotation angles of the laser receiver around an x axis and a y axis at the same time. The camera 7 at the basic measuring point 3 shoots the displacement response of the light spot of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter 5-1 projected on the horizontal laser target 6 in the horizontal direction of the high-rise building.
Specific embodiment II:
The invention provides a high-rise building structure earthquake displacement monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of:
step one:
and selecting a moment when the high-rise building is not deformed in the horizontal direction as a reference moment. Respectively starting a1 st laser emitter 5-1, a2 nd laser emitter 5-2 and a 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 at reference moments, and taking the horizontal displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building, which are respectively measured by the laser receiver 4 and the horizontal laser target 6, as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building during the seismic action and the residual displacement and rotation response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as offsets relative to the reference values.
Step two:
after obtaining the measurement reference values of the 1 st laser emitter 5-1, the 2 nd laser emitter 5-2 and the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3, the 2 nd laser emitter is turned off, and the displacement response of the high-rise building is monitored by using only the 1 st laser emitter 5-1, the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3, the laser receiver 4, the camera 6 and the acceleration sensors at the laser receiver and the camera.
Step three:
In order to fuse the laser measurement data and the acceleration sensor measurement data in the invention so as to obtain the displacement response of the high-rise building with high adoption frequency, the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 and the acceleration sensor arranged at the laser receiver and the camera are subjected to time synchronization in a wired or wireless mode. After time synchronization is completed, measuring is carried out at different sampling frequencies; the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 synchronously measure the displacement and angular response of the laser light they receive at a low sampling frequency f l, while the acceleration measurement system mounted at the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 synchronously measure the structural acceleration response at a high sampling frequency f h.
According to the displacement and rotation angle response data measured by the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, calculating to obtain the horizontal displacement and rotation angle response of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point according to the following steps:
The displacement of the top measuring point 1 in 2 horizontal directions at a certain measuring moment is u 1 and v 1 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 1,x and theta 1,y respectively; the displacement of the bottom measuring point 3 in 2 horizontal directions is u 3 and v 3 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 3,x and theta 3,y respectively; at this time, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser light receiver 4 in 2 horizontal directions is D u1 and D v1, respectively, and the rotation angles of the laser light around the y-axis and around the x-axis are a u1 and a v1, respectively; the displacement of the laser light measured by the camera 6 in 2 horizontal directions is D u3 and D v3, respectively.
Step A001, according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis are represented by formulas (1) to (3):
Du1=u13,yH1-u3 (1)
Au1=θ1,y3,y (2)
Du3=u31,yH1-u1 (3)
Step a002, where u' 1=u1-u3 is the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, then equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
Du1=u′13,yH1 (4)
Du3=-u′11,yH1 (5)
Step A003, formula (4) and formula (5), and simplifying to obtain the following formula:
-(θ1,y3,y)H1=Du1+Du3 (6)
The simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain corner responses theta 1,y and theta 3,y; bringing the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1;
the displacement of the laser light measured in the step A004, the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6 in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis are expressed by formulas (7) to (9)
Dv1=v13,xH1-v3 (7)
Av1=θ1,x3,x (8)
Dv3=v31,xH1-v1 (9)
Step A005, let v' 1=v1-v3 be the relative displacement of the top measuring point relative to the base measuring point on the y axis, then the formulas (7) and (9) are rewritten as follows:
Dv1=v′13,xH1 (10)
Dv3=-v′11,xH1 (11)
Step A006, equation (10) plus equation (11), and the simplification can be obtained:
-(θ1,x3,x)H1=Dv1+Dv3 (12)
And (3) solving the simultaneous equations (8) and (12) to obtain corner responses theta 1,x and theta 3,x, and then introducing the result into the equation (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1.
Further, after obtaining the displacement of the top measuring point 1 relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction at the low sampling frequency f l by using the laser measurement data of the laser receiver 4 and the camera 6, the dynamic displacement response of the top measuring point 1 relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction at the high sampling frequency f h is calculated by combining the high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by the integrated acceleration sensor in the laser receiver 4 and the horizontal laser target 6, which specifically comprises the following steps:
measuring data by adopting all laser receivers 4 and cameras 6, and calculating any one of the calculated relative displacement responses u '1 and v' 1 of the 2 high-rise buildings; x (t 0) and x (t 0+Δtl) (where Δt l=1/fl) represent the displacement response taking on values at times t 0 and t 0+Δtl, respectively; measuring data by adopting an acceleration sensor, and calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t); let the monitored data of acceleration response a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] period be [ a (t 0)a(t0+Δtl/N)…a(t0+Δtl) ] (where n=f h/fl).
According to the integral relation among displacement, speed and acceleration response, the following formula is obtained:
Wherein v (t 0) represents the structural velocity response at time t 0; the third acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is obtained by monitoring data of a (t) in a [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period through numerical integration; v (t 0) is obtained by the formula (13):
substituting the result of formula (14) into formula (15) to obtain structural displacement response at high sampling frequency f h:
The third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is obtained by numerical integration from the monitored data of a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period.
After the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is recovered to be static, measuring and calculating to obtain the residual displacement response of the high-rise building according to the following steps:
Step B001:
let the residual displacement of the top measuring point 1 in 2 horizontal directions be respectively And/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the middle measuring point 2 in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the bottom measuring point 3 in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 emitted laser light in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver 4 is/>, respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>The residual displacement of the laser light emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter 5-3 in the 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver 4 is respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the laser light measured by the camera 6 in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual corner responses (/ >) of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finished are calculated by using the displacement and corner response calculation method of the top measuring point 1 and the bottom measuring point 2And/>) And residual horizontal displacement (/ >) of the top measurement point relative to the bottom measurement point in 2 directions)。
Step B002:
The 3 rd laser transmitter 5-3 is turned off, the 2 nd laser transmitter 5-2 at the middle measuring point is turned on, and the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point 2 relative to the bottom measuring point is calculated by using the measured data of the laser receiver 4. According to the arrangement of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver 4 in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis are expressed by formulas (16) to (19):
From formulae (17) and (19) in combination with the calculation in step one And/>Calculated/>And/>Numerical values.
So thatSubstituting the obtained products into formulas (16) and (18) to obtain
Combining the horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point with the bottom measuring point calculated in the step oneAnd/>AndAnd/>The calculated result of the (4) is used for obtaining the horizontal residual displacement/>, relative to the bottom measuring point, of the middle measuring pointAnd/>
When the monitoring system is equipped with a plurality of intermediate measuring points, the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle of each intermediate measuring point 2 relative to the bottom measuring point 3 can be calculated according to the method described above. And then, calculating the horizontal residual displacement and the residual rotation angle between any two adjacent middle measuring points by utilizing the result.
Third embodiment:
The invention provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that the program is executed by a processor for implementing a high-rise seismic displacement monitoring method.
Fourth embodiment:
The invention provides a computer device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor runs the computer program stored in the memory, the processor executes a high-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring method.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or N embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "N" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise. Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more N executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present invention. Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or N wires, a portable computer cartridge (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the N steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. As with the other embodiments, if implemented in hardware, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments. In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the system and method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise building, and the protection scope of the system and method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise building is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical schemes under the concept belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring method, the method being based on a high-rise building seismic displacement monitoring system, the system comprising: the device comprises a top measuring point, a1 st laser emitter, a2 nd laser emitter, a3 rd laser emitter, a laser receiver, a camera, a horizontal laser target, a middle measuring point and a bottom measuring point;
The top measuring point, the middle measuring point and the bottom measuring point are all arranged on the same vertical line of the high-rise building, the nodes are in open view, the bottom measuring point is arranged at the bottom of the monitoring building section of the high-rise building, the top measuring point is arranged at the top of the monitoring building section of the high-rise building, and the middle measuring point is arranged at the floor between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point; when a plurality of floor displacement numbers need to be measured between the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point, a plurality of middle measuring points are arranged, and the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: a certain moment when the high-rise building does not deform in the horizontal direction is selected as a reference moment, the 1 st, the 2 nd and the 3 rd laser transmitters are respectively started at the reference moment, and the horizontal displacement and the rotation response of the high-rise building, which are respectively measured by the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target, are adopted as measurement reference values; the displacement and rotation response of the high-rise building during the earthquake action and the residual displacement and rotation angle response of the building structure after the earthquake are expressed as offset relative to the reference value;
Step 2: after the measurement reference values of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd laser transmitters are obtained, the 2 nd laser transmitter is turned off, and the displacement response of the high-rise building is monitored by using only the 1 st laser transmitter, the 3 rd laser transmitter, the laser receiver, the camera and acceleration sensors at the laser receiver and the camera;
Step 3: the method comprises the steps of performing time synchronization on a laser receiver and a camera and an acceleration sensor arranged at the laser receiver and the camera; after time synchronization is completed, measuring is carried out at different sampling frequencies; the laser receiver and the camera synchronously measure the displacement and the rotation angle response of the received laser at a low sampling frequency f l, and synchronously measure the structural acceleration response at a high sampling frequency f h in the laser receiver and the camera acceleration measurement system;
After the earthquake action is finished and the displacement response of the high-rise building is recovered to be static, measuring and calculating to obtain the residual displacement response of the high-rise building according to the following steps:
Step B001:
Let the residual displacement of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions be And/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the middle measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual angles around the x-axis and y-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is/>, respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser light emitted by the 3 rd laser emitter in 2 horizontal directions measured by the laser receiver is/>, respectivelyAnd/>And the laser rotation angles around the y-axis and around the x-axis are/>, respectivelyAnd/>Residual displacement of laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is/>, respectivelyAnd/>Calculating to obtain residual corner response (/ >) of the top measuring point and the bottom measuring point after the earthquake action is finishedAnd/>) And residual horizontal displacement/>, of the top measurement point relative to the bottom measurement point in 2 directions
Step B002:
closing the 3 rd laser emitter, opening the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point, and calculating the horizontal residual displacement of the middle measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point by using the measurement data of the laser receiver; according to the arrangement of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis are expressed by formulas (16) to (19):
from formulas (17) and (19) in combination with the calculation in step B001 And/>Calculated/>And/>A numerical value;
So that Substituting the obtained products into formulas (16) and (18) to obtain
Combining the calculated horizontal residual displacement of the top measuring point with respect to the bottom measuring point in the step B001And/>/>And/>The calculated result of the (4) is used for obtaining the horizontal residual displacement/>, relative to the bottom measuring point, of the middle measuring pointAnd/>
2. The method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise buildings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to displacement and corner response data measured by a laser receiver and a camera in the earthquake action process of the high-rise building, horizontal displacement and corner response of a top measuring point and a bottom measuring point are determined according to the following steps:
The displacement of the top measuring point in 2 horizontal directions at a certain measuring moment is u 1 and v 1 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 1,x and theta 1,y respectively; the displacement of the bottom measuring point in 2 horizontal directions is u 3 and v 3 respectively, and the rotation angles around the x axis and the y axis are theta 3,x and theta 3,y respectively; at this time, the displacement of the laser light measured by the laser receiver in 2 horizontal directions is D u1 and D v1, respectively, and the rotation angles of the laser light around the y-axis and around the x-axis are a u1 and a v1, respectively; the displacement of the laser measured by the camera in 2 horizontal directions is D u3 and D v3 respectively;
step A001: according to the arrangement mode of the measuring system, the displacement of the laser light measured by all laser receivers and cameras in the x-axis direction and the rotation angle around the y-axis can be expressed by formulas (1) to (3):
Du1=u13,yH1-u3 (1)
Au1=θ1,y3,y (2)
Du3=u31,yH1-u1 (3)
step A002: let u' 1=u1-u3 be the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the bottom measurement point in the x-axis direction, then equations (1) and (3) are rewritten as:
Du1=u′13,yH1 (4)
Du3=-u′11,yH1 (5)
Step A003: equation (4) plus equation (5) and reduced to the following equation:
-(θ1,y3,y)H1=Du1+Du3 (6)
The simultaneous formulas (2) and (6) are solved to obtain corner responses theta 1,y and theta 3,y; bringing the result into a formula (4), and sequentially solving to obtain u' 1;
Step A004: the displacement of the laser light measured by all laser receivers and cameras in the y-axis direction and the rotation angle around the x-axis are expressed by formulas (7) to (9)
Dv1=v13,xH1-v3 (7)
Av1=θ1,x3,x (8)
Dv3=v31,xH1-v1 (9)
Step A005: let v' 1=v1-v3 be the relative displacement of the top measurement point with respect to the base measurement point on the y-axis, then formulas (7) and (9) are rewritten as:
Dv1=v′13,xH1 (10)
Dv3=-v11,xH1 (11)
step A006: equation (10) plus equation (11), and the reduction can be obtained:
-(θ1,x3,x)H1=Dv1+Dv3 (12)
And (3) solving the simultaneous equations (8) and (12) to obtain corner responses theta 1,x and theta 3,x, and then introducing the result into the equation (10) to obtain a displacement response v' 1.
3. The method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise buildings according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the displacement of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction under the low sampling frequency f l is obtained by utilizing the laser measurement data of the laser receiver and the camera, the dynamic displacement response of the top measuring point relative to the bottom measuring point in the horizontal direction under the high sampling frequency f h is calculated by combining the high sampling frequency acceleration data measured by the integrated acceleration sensor in the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Adopting all laser receivers and camera measurement data, and calculating any one of the obtained relative displacement responses u '1 and v' 1 of the 2 high-rise buildings; x (t 0) and x (t 0+Δtl) (where Δt l=1/fl) represent the displacement response taking on values at times t 0 and t 0+Δtl, respectively; measuring data by adopting an acceleration sensor, and calculating a relative acceleration response a (t) corresponding to the displacement response x (t); setting the monitoring data of the acceleration response a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period as [ a (t 0) a(t0+Δtl/N) … a(t0+Δtl) ] (wherein, n=f h/fl);
According to the integral relation among displacement, speed and acceleration response, the following formula is obtained:
Wherein v (t 0) represents the structural velocity response at time t 0; the third acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (13) is obtained by monitoring data of a (t) in a [ t 0t0+Δtl ] time period through numerical integration; v (t 0) is obtained by the formula (13):
substituting the result of formula (14) into formula (15) to obtain structural displacement response at high sampling frequency f h:
The third term acceleration integral term on the right side of the formula (15) is obtained by numerical integration from the monitored data of a (t) in the [ t 0 t0+Δtl ] time period.
4. The method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise buildings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the 1 st laser emitter and the laser receiver are fixedly arranged at the top measuring point; the bottom measuring point is fixedly provided with a3 rd laser emitter and a horizontal laser target, a camera is arranged on the horizontal laser target, and the camera is used for shooting the laser spot position projected on the horizontal laser target; the middle measuring point is fixedly provided with a 2 nd laser transmitter which is turned on or turned off by a remote control switch; and the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target are respectively provided with a 2-way acceleration sensor and a data acquisition system, and the 2-way acceleration sensor and the data acquisition system are used for measuring the acceleration responses of the laser receiver and the horizontal laser target in 2 horizontal directions.
5. The method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise buildings according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
The laser emitted by a1 st laser emitter fixedly arranged at the top measuring point points to a horizontal laser target arranged at the bottom measuring point; the laser receiver section fixedly installed at the top measuring point is used for receiving laser reflected by the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point;
The 3 rd laser emitter fixedly installed at the bottom measuring point emits laser to point to the laser receiver installed at the top measuring point; a camera fixedly arranged at the bottom measuring point shoots the spot position of the laser emitted by the 1 st laser emitter projected on the horizontal laser target;
The laser emitted by the 2 nd laser emitter fixedly arranged at the middle measuring point points to the laser receiver arranged at the top measuring point.
6. The method for monitoring earthquake displacement of high-rise buildings according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
When the high-rise building is subjected to earthquake action and is horizontally deformed, the 1 st laser emitter at the top measuring point, the 3 rd laser emitter at the bottom measuring point and the 2 nd laser emitter at the middle measuring point generate translation and rotation along with the deformation of the building in 2 horizontal directions;
And a laser receiver at the top measuring point is internally provided with a laser measuring unit, and the translational displacement and the rotation angle of the received laser in 2 horizontal directions are measured simultaneously.
7.A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, the program being executable by a processor for implementing a high-rise seismic displacement monitoring method as claimed in claims 1-6.
8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having a computer program stored therein, the processor performing a high-rise seismic displacement monitoring method according to claims 1-6 when the processor runs the computer program stored in the memory.
CN202210949533.9A 2022-08-09 2022-08-09 High-rise building earthquake displacement monitoring system and method Active CN115325940B (en)

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