CN115322020B - Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate - Google Patents

Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate Download PDF

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CN115322020B
CN115322020B CN202211113611.8A CN202211113611A CN115322020B CN 115322020 B CN115322020 B CN 115322020B CN 202211113611 A CN202211113611 A CN 202211113611A CN 115322020 B CN115322020 B CN 115322020B
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organic carbon
organic
soil
organic fertilizer
fermentation
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CN115322020A (en
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俄胜哲
袁金华
王钰轩
崔云玲
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INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate, which comprises the following steps: (1) Fermenting biomass raw materials until the temperature of the fermented product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermented product; (2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 30% -50%, adjusting the water content to 28% -38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombined organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, wherein the density of the recombined organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon of (2) is obtained. Compared with the existing organic fertilizer, the invention further carries out natural fermentation with the assistance of the attapulgite after the biomass raw material is subjected to primary fermentation treatment, regulates and controls the pH value of the natural fermentation, and dissolves the self Mg of the attapulgite 2+ And Ca 2+ And generating cross-linking ions, promoting the formation of organic-inorganic complex and recombinant organic carbon, and forming the organic carbon of the soil in a stable state, thereby obtaining the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.

Description

Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
Background
Soil organic carbon is an important index for representing soil fertility, and the protection and the solid storage of the organic carbon in the soil are particularly important for improving farmland soil fertility and maintaining crop productivity. Factors influencing the organic carbon fixation of farmland soil mainly comprise natural factors and artificial factors. In natural factors, the soil has different textures, and the water content, air permeability and other water-air heat conditions of the soil are different, so that the activity and the decomposition capacity of aerobic bacteria in the soil can be influenced, and the mineralization of organic carbon in the soil is further influenced. Meanwhile, the soil texture can provide protection effect for organic matters by influencing the combination of clay particles and soil organic matters and the like. The organic matter loss rate and the updating period of the soil with different textures are greatly different, the degradation rate of crop residues in sandy soil is obviously faster than that of clay soil, and the content of organic carbon in the clay soil is obviously higher than that of sandy soil under the condition of adding the same amount of organic materials. This is because the organic matter of the soil is adsorbed on the surface of the clay particles and exists in the soil in the form of an organic-mineral complex, and the adsorption can inhibit the organic matter from contacting with degradable soil microorganisms and soil enzymes, thereby protecting the carbon fixation of the soil. In addition, the research considers that the soil texture indirectly influences the activity of microorganisms by influencing the soil agglomeration effect, and finally influences the fixation of soil to carbon.
In human factors, fertilization is an important means for improving the organic carbon of soil, and is easy to regulate and control. Zhang Yarong and the like, and the boundary inflection point of the accumulated carbon input of yellow soil is 54.29 t/hm 2 When the carbon sequestration efficiency is less than this value, the carbon sequestration efficiency of the soil is 26.62%; when the cumulative carbon input is greater than this value, the carbon fixation efficiency is only 1.72%, which differs by 31.56 times. Different organic matters have different composition ratios of structures such as protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, so that the decomposition rate, decomposition products and conversion paths of the organic matters returned to the soil in the soil are obviously different, and the soil to which the organic fertilizer of different material sources is applied has different organic matter conditions. The recent research results show that the organic carbon soil retention rate of cow dung, chicken cutlet, pig manure, fungus dreg, biogas dreg and municipal sludge is between 36.42% and 71.61% under the condition of equal carbon input. Organic carbon in the organic fertilizer and the organic material which cannot be solidified by soil is easy to decompose in mineralized form to generate CO 2 Not only generates a great amount of greenhouse gas emission, but also does not obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Therefore, the improvement of the organic carbon soil retention rate of the organic fertilizer is beneficial to improving the organic carbon content of the soil, improving the soil fertility and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting biomass raw materials until the temperature of the fermented product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermented product;
(2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 30% -50%, adjusting the water content to 28% -38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombined organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, wherein the density of the recombined organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon of (2) is obtained.
Further, the fermentation process of step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) adjusting the water content of the biomass raw material to 50% -55%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, fully mixing, and sealing and fermenting;
(1.2) in the fermentation process, oxygen is periodically supplemented, temperature is measured, and the frequency of turning is adjusted according to the temperature until the temperature of the fermented product is reduced to below 30 ℃.
Further, in the fermentation process, the oxygen supplementation is carried out every 24 hours in the step (1.2), when the temperature exceeds 55 ℃, the stack is turned over and the water is supplemented, and when the temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the interval of the stack turning over and the water supplementing is adjusted to 10 days.
Further, the biomass raw material is at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge, straw and sawdust.
Further, the biomass raw material consists of main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are selected from cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung and municipal sludge, the auxiliary materials are selected from straw and sawdust, and the dry weight ratio of the main materials to the auxiliary materials is 70% -80% to 20%.
Further, in the step (2), the pile is turned over once every 6-8 days in the natural fermentation process, water is supplemented, and the pH value is adjusted to 2-3 by acid.
Still further, the acid is nitric acid.
Further, the grain diameter of the fermented product is less than or equal to 60 meshes, and the grain diameter of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 400 meshes.
An organic fertilizer prepared by any one of the above methods.
The application method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the surface of the crops before sowing, wherein the sand soil application amount is 400 kg-500 kg/mu, the loam soil application amount is 250 kg-500 kg/mu, the clay application amount is 200 kg-300 kg/mu, and then deep turning is performed for 20cm-30cm.
Compared with the existing organic fertilizer which is generally obtained by primary fermentation of biomass raw materials, the invention has the improvement that after the biomass raw materials are subjected to primary fermentation treatment, natural fermentation is further carried out with the assistance of attapulgite, and the pH value of the natural fermentation is regulated so as to dissolve and release the self Mg of the attapulgite 2+ And Ca 2+ Which is the key to the present invention, generates cross-linking ions that promote the formation of organic-inorganic complexes and recombinant organic carbons, forming steady state soil organic carbons.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below by combining examples.
The percentages in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
Step (1): organic materials such as pure cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge and the like are used as main raw materials, and crushed crop straws (the length is less than 3 cm) and sawdust are used as auxiliary materials. The main material of the embodiment is cow dung, and the auxiliary material is corn straw. The weight percentage of the dry weight of the main materials and the auxiliary materials is 70 percent to 30 percent, and the main materials and the auxiliary materials are fully mixed.
Step (2): the main materials and the auxiliary materials are fully mixed, the water content is adjusted to 50% by means of air drying or water supplementing and the like, 2kg of organic fertilizer fermentation ripening microbial inoculum (the fermentation ripening microbial inoculum is purchased from Henan human biotechnology Co., ltd.) is added, the effective viable count (cfu) is more than or equal to 500.0 hundred million/g, the cellulase activity is more than or equal to 60.0u/g, the protease activity is more than or equal to 70.060u/g, accounting for 0.2% of the mass percentage of the fermentation materials, and the materials are fully mixed again to obtain the fermentation mixed material.
Step (3): and (3) placing the fermentation mixed material in a fermentation tank, wherein the width of the fermentation tank is 3-5 m, the height of the fermentation tank is 1.3-1.5 m, sealing fermentation is performed, oxygen is supplemented for 30min every 24 hours, the temperature of the pile exceeds 55 ℃, the pile is turned over once, and the water is supplemented to 50-55%, and the circulation is performed for several times. The temperature of the pile body is lower than 55 ℃, the pile is turned once every 10 days, the water is supplemented to 50% -55%, the pile body is recycled for several times, the temperature of the pile body is reduced to 30 ℃, and the fermentation is finished.
The top of the fermentation tank is connected with a fermentation tail gas recovery tower through a recovery pipeline, and CO generated by fermentation is recovered in the recovery tower in a grading manner 2 And NH 3 ,CO 2 Absorption with 0.5% -1% KOH solution (CO 2 +KOH→K 2 CO 3 +H 2 O),NH 3 Absorption (NH) with 1% -2% sulfuric acid solution 3 +H 2 SO 4 →(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 +H 2 O), CO generated during fermentation 2 And NH 3 The organic mineralized product CO in the fermentation process is realized by converting the organic mineralized product CO into fertilizer through an absorption tower 2 And NH 3 And (5) recycling.
Step (4): crushing the fermented material in the step (3), sieving the crushed material with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the crushed material with attapulgite powder with the purity of more than or equal to 80% and the particle size of less than or equal to 400 meshes, wherein the mass ratio (dry weight) of the fermented material to attapulgite rod is 70% -50%, the water content is adjusted to 28% -38%, and the spray concentration is 5% -8% of HNO 3 And (3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 2-3, and continuously fermenting and decomposing at the natural temperature.
Step (5): turning the stack every 6-8 days, supplementing water to 28-38%, and adjusting the pH value to 2-3. Simultaneous sampling for determination of light organic carbon content (density. Ltoreq.1.85 g/cm) 3 ) And recombinant organic carbon content (density. Gtoreq.1.85 g/cm) 3 ) The content of the recombined organic carbon is more than or equal to 70 percent of the total organic carbon, and the natural temperature fermentation is finished.
Step (6): and (3) drying the fermented material obtained in the step (5) at 80-90 ℃ until the water content is 20-25%, and obtaining the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
The method for measuring light organic carbon and recombinant organic carbon is shown in Russian philosophy, shizana, che Zongxian, etc. the influence of organic materials on the combined humus and the components thereof in the desert soil is reported in soil science, 2019, 56 (6): 1436-1448. The specific measurement process comprises the following steps: first, a fermentation sample 5.000. 5.000 g, which had been sieved through a 0.25. 0.25 mm pore size sieve, was placed in a 100 mL centrifuge tube, and 25 mL of 1.85g/cm was added 3 Ultrasonic dispersing of zinc bromide solution for 10 min, centrifuging for 10 min at 4 r/min, and repeating the centrifuging process twiceAnd separating the free organic carbon by vacuum filtration. Adding 15 mL of 95% alcohol into the zinc bromide extracted sample, centrifuging for 5 min at 2 r/min, and repeatedly cleaning for 2 times; adding 15 mL distilled water, centrifuging for 5 min at 2 r/min, and cleaning for 2 times; it was dried in a forced air drying oven (40 ℃) and used to determine the recombined organic carbon. The organic carbon determination method is shown in NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer, and the organic carbon content is the organic matter content divided by 1.724.
1. Influence of different organic fertilizer types on soil nutrient content
The common organic fertilizer (obtained by directly fermenting and decomposing the same biomass raw materials according to the steps (1) - (3) of the embodiment 1), the biological organic fertilizer (the common organic fertilizer is compounded with 2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis (cfu) and T2) and the organic fertilizer (T3) of the embodiment 1) are selected as test verification materials, and the test verification materials are prepared under the conditions of equal organic matter input (2400 kg/hm 2 ) In this case, the effect of different kinds of organic fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of the soil was studied (table 1, T0 is blank). The application result of the invention shows that the effect difference of different organic fertilizers on the desert soil is obvious, the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate is applied, the soil organic matter content is improved by 1.3g/kg compared with that of the common organic fertilizer, the soil retention rate of organic carbon is 78.24%, the soil retention rate of organic carbon of the common organic fertilizer is 64.36%, the soil retention rate is improved by 13.88% compared with that of the common organic fertilizer, and simultaneously, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, effective phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content of the soil are obviously increased compared with that of the common organic fertilizer.
TABLE 1 influence of different organic fertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil
2. Influence of the applied amount of organic fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil
The organic fertilizer of the embodiment 1 is applied to sandy loam of desert filling soil, and the proper application amount is determined. The application results show (Table 2) that the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil all increase with the increase of the application amount, but the methodThe organic fertilizer of inventive example 1 was used in an amount of 3.75t/hm 2 ~7.5t/hm 2 The total nitrogen content and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the soil are the highest or the application efficiency is the highest. The content of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium tends to increase with the application amount, but the content of the total phosphorus, the total potassium, the available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium increases with the increase of the physical input amount, so that the suitable application amount of the total phosphorus, the total potassium, the available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the desert soil sand loam is 250 kg/mu to 500 kg/mu.
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilizing amounts on soil nutrients
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting biomass raw materials until the temperature of the fermented product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermented product;
(2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 30% -50%, adjusting the water content to 28% -38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombined organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, wherein the density of the recombined organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon of (2) to obtain the organic fertilizer;
the fermentation process of the step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) adjusting the water content of the biomass raw material to 50% -55%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, fully mixing, and sealing and fermenting;
(1.2) in the fermentation process, oxygen is periodically supplemented, and the frequency of turning is adjusted according to the temperature until the temperature of the fermented product is reduced to below 30 ℃;
and (2) in the fermentation process, oxygen supplementing is carried out every 24 hours, when the temperature exceeds 55 ℃, pile turning is carried out, water is supplemented, and when the temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the pile turning and water supplementing interval is adjusted to 10 days.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass raw material is at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge, straw and sawdust.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the biomass raw material consists of main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are selected from cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung and municipal sludge, the auxiliary materials are selected from straw and sawdust, and the dry weight ratio of the main materials to the auxiliary materials is 70% -80% and 20%.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) turning piles every 6-8 days in the natural fermentation process, supplementing water, and adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by using acid.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the acid is nitric acid.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grain diameter of the fermented product is less than or equal to 60 meshes, and the grain diameter of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 400 meshes.
7. An organic fertilizer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. The method for using the organic fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: uniformly broadcasting organic fertilizer on the surface of the crops before sowing, wherein the sand soil application amount is 400 kg-500 kg/mu, the loam soil application amount is 250 kg-500 kg/mu, the clay application amount is 200 kg-300 kg/mu, and then deep turning is performed for 20cm-30cm.
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Citations (1)

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WO2016107560A1 (en) * 2014-12-30 2016-07-07 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Ecological functional phosphorus fertilizer and preparation method therefor

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CN104774058A (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-15 兰州交通大学 Preparation method of attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer
CN109020751B (en) * 2018-09-08 2021-04-23 天津大学 Preparation method of functional soil biological remediation fertilizer based on nutrient organic carbon skeleton
CN112500244A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-16 刘劲 Preparation method of organic fertilizer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016107560A1 (en) * 2014-12-30 2016-07-07 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Ecological functional phosphorus fertilizer and preparation method therefor

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Synthesis of clay/carbon adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose on palygorskite;Wu X , Gao P , Zhang X ,et al.;Applied clay science;60-66 *

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