CN115322020A - Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil immobilization rate - Google Patents

Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil immobilization rate Download PDF

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CN115322020A
CN115322020A CN202211113611.8A CN202211113611A CN115322020A CN 115322020 A CN115322020 A CN 115322020A CN 202211113611 A CN202211113611 A CN 202211113611A CN 115322020 A CN115322020 A CN 115322020A
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organic
organic carbon
fermentation
soil
organic fertilizer
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CN115322020B (en
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俄胜哲
袁金华
王钰轩
崔云玲
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INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate, which comprises the following steps: (1) Fermenting the biomass raw material until the temperature of a fermentation product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermentation product; (2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of the attapulgite being 30-50%, adjusting the water content to 28-38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 with acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombinant organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, and the density of the recombinant organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon is obtained. Compared with the existing organic fertilizerIn comparison, the biomass raw material is subjected to primary fermentation treatment, natural fermentation is further carried out under the assistance of attapulgite, the pH value of the natural fermentation is regulated and controlled, and the Mg of the attapulgite is dissolved 2+ And Ca 2+ And generating crosslinking ions to promote the formation of organic-inorganic complex and recombinant organic carbon and form stable soil organic carbon, thereby obtaining the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.

Description

Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil immobilization rate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
Background
The organic carbon in the soil is an important index for representing the soil fertility, and the organic carbon is protected and fixed in the soil and is particularly important for improving the soil fertility of farmlands and maintaining the crop productivity. The factors influencing the fixation of organic carbon in farmland soil mainly comprise natural factors and artificial factors. In natural factors, the texture of soil is different, and the water-gas-heat conditions such as water content and air permeability of soil are different, so that the activity and decomposition capability of aerobic bacteria in soil can be influenced, and further the organic carbon mineralization of soil is influenced. Meanwhile, the texture of the soil can provide a protection effect on organic matters by influencing the combination of the clay grains and the organic matters in the soil and the like. The difference between the organic matter loss rate and the update period of the soil with different textures is large, the degradation rate of crop residues in the sandy soil is obviously higher than that of the clay soil, and the content of organic carbon in the clay soil is obviously higher than that of the sandy soil under the condition that the same amount of organic materials are added. This is because soil organic matter is adsorbed on the surface of clay particles and exists in soil in the form of an organic-mineral complex, and the adsorption inhibits the contact with degradable soil microorganisms and soil enzymes, thereby protecting soil carbon fixation. In other researches, the soil texture indirectly influences the activity of microorganisms by influencing the soil aggregation effect, and finally influences the fixation of the soil to carbon.
Among artificial factors, fertilization is an important means for improving soil organic carbon and is easy to regulate and control. The research report of Zhangya Yarong and the like shows that the dividing inflection point of the input amount of the yellow soil accumulated carbon is 54.29 t/hm 2 When the carbon sequestration rate is less than the value, the carbon sequestration rate of the soil is 26.62%; when the cumulative carbon input amount is larger than this value, the carbon fixation efficiency is only 1.72%, which is different by a factor of 31.56. Different organic matters have different composition ratios of structures such as protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, and the decomposition rate, decomposition products and conversion ways of the organic matters in the soil are obviously different, so that the soil applying organic fertilizers with different material sources has different organic matter conditions. Our recent research resultsThe results show that the cow dung, the chicken manure, the pig dung, the mushroom dregs, the biogas residues and the municipal sludge are returned to the field, and under the condition of equal carbon input, the organic carbon soil immobilization rate of the cow dung, the chicken manure, the pig dung, the mushroom dregs, the biogas residues and the municipal sludge is between 36.42 and 71.61 percent. The organic carbon which cannot be fixed by soil in the organic fertilizer and organic material is easily decomposed in mineralized form to generate CO 2 Not only produces a large amount of greenhouse gas emission, but also does not obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Therefore, the improvement of the organic carbon soil retention rate of the organic fertilizer is not only beneficial to improving the organic carbon content of the soil and improving the soil fertility, but also beneficial to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting the biomass raw material until the temperature of a fermentation product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermentation product;
(2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of the attapulgite being 30-50%, adjusting the water content to 28-38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 with acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombinant organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, and the density of the recombinant organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon is obtained to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, the fermentation process of step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) adjusting the water content of the biomass raw material to 50-55%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, fully mixing, and sealing for fermentation;
(1.2) in the fermentation process, periodically supplementing oxygen, measuring temperature, and adjusting the frequency of turning according to the temperature until the temperature of the fermentation product is reduced to below 30 ℃.
Further, in the step (1.2), oxygen supplement is carried out every 24 hours in the fermentation process, when the temperature exceeds 55 ℃, pile turning is carried out and water supplement is carried out, and when the temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the interval of pile turning and water supplement is adjusted to 10 days.
Further, the biomass raw material is at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge, straw and sawdust.
Furthermore, the biomass raw material comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are selected from cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken manure and municipal sludge, the auxiliary materials are selected from straws and sawdust, and the dry weight ratio of the main materials to the auxiliary materials is 70% -30% -80% -20%.
And (3) further, turning over the pile once every 6 to 8 days in the natural fermentation process in the step (2), supplementing water, and adjusting the pH value to 2 to 3 by using acid.
Still further, the acid is nitric acid.
Furthermore, the grain size of the fermentation product is less than or equal to 60 meshes, and the grain size of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 400 meshes.
An organic fertilizer prepared by any one of the above methods.
The application method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the surface of the land before seeding crops, wherein the application rate of sandy soil is 400kg to 500kg/mu, the application rate of loam is 250kg to 500kg/mu, the application rate of clay is 200kg to 300kg/mu, and then deeply turning for 20cm-30cm.
Compared with the prior organic fertilizer which is generally obtained by the primary fermentation of biomass raw materials, the invention has the improvement points that the biomass raw materials are subjected to the primary fermentation treatment and then are further subjected to natural fermentation under the assistance of attapulgite, and the pH value of the natural fermentation is regulated to dissolve and release the Mg of the attapulgite 2+ And Ca 2+ (this is the key point of the invention), cross-linking ions are generated, the formation of organic-inorganic complex and recombination organic carbon is promoted, and soil organic carbon in a stable state is formed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the percentages in the present invention are mass percentages.
Example 1
Step (1): the method is characterized in that organic materials such as pure cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge and the like are used as main raw materials, and crushed crop straws (the length is less than 3 cm) and saw dust are used as auxiliary materials. In the embodiment, the main material is cow dung, and the auxiliary material is corn straw. The reduced dry weight of the cow dung is 700kg, the dry weight of the corn straws is 300kg, the mass percentage of the dry weight of the main material and the auxiliary material is 70 percent to 30 percent, and the main material and the auxiliary material are fully mixed.
Step (2): the main material and the auxiliary material are fully mixed, the water content is adjusted to 50% by air drying or water supplementing, 2kg of organic fertilizer fermentation ripening-promoting microbial inoculum (the fermentation ripening-promoting microbial inoculum is purchased from Henan Yuan biotechnology limited company, the effective viable count (cfu) is more than or equal to 500.0 hundred million/g, the cellulase activity is more than or equal to 60.0u/g, the protease activity is more than or equal to 70.060 u/g) is added, the mass ratio of the fermentation material is 0.2%, and the fermentation material mixture is fully mixed again to obtain the fermentation material mixture.
And (3): and (3) placing the fermentation mixture in a fermentation tank, wherein the width of the fermentation tank is from 3m to 5m, the height of the fermentation tank is from 1.3m to 1.5m, carrying out closed fermentation, supplementing oxygen for 30min every 24 hours, turning over the pile once when the temperature of the pile exceeds 55 ℃, supplementing water to 50-55%, and circulating for several times. And the temperature of the pile is lower than 55 ℃, the pile is turned once every 10 days, the water is supplemented to 50-55%, the circulation is carried out for a plurality of times, the temperature of the pile is reduced to 30 ℃, and the fermentation is finished.
The top of the fermentation tank is connected with a fermentation tail gas recovery tower through a recovery pipeline, and CO generated by fermentation is recycled in the recovery tower in a grading way 2 And NH 3 ,CO 2 KOH solution absorption (CO) using 0.5% -1% 2 +KOH→K 2 CO 3 +H 2 O),NH 3 Absorbing (NH) by 1-2% sulfuric acid solution 3 +H 2 SO 4 →(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 +H 2 O), CO produced during fermentation 2 And NH 3 The organic matter is transformed into fertilizer through an absorption tower, and the mineralization product CO of the organic matter in the fermentation process is realized 2 And NH 3 And (4) recycling.
And (4): crushing the fermentation material obtained in the step (3), sieving the crushed fermentation material with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the crushed fermentation material with attapulgite powder with the purity of more than or equal to 80 percent and the particle size of less than or equal to 400 meshes, wherein the mass ratio (dry weight) of the fermentation material to the attapulgite rod is 70-30-50, adjusting the water content to 28-38%, and spraying HNO with the concentration of 5-8% 3 And adjusting the pH value of the solution to 2 to 3, and continuously fermenting and decomposing at natural temperature.
And (5): turning over the pile once every 6 to 8 days, simultaneously supplementing water to 28 to 38 percent, and adjusting the pH value to 2 to 3. Simultaneously sampling and measuring the content of organic carbon (density is less than or equal to 1.85 g/cm) in a light group 3 ) And the content of recombinant organic carbon (the density is more than or equal to 1.85 g/cm) 3 ) The content of the recombined organic carbon accounts for more than or equal to 70 percent of the total organic carbon content, and the fermentation at the natural temperature is finished.
And (6): and (5) drying the fermentation material obtained in the step (5) at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ until the water content is 20-25%, and thus obtaining the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate.
The method for measuring the light organic carbon and the recombinant organic carbon is shown in the Russian philosophy, the time-consuming juan, the vehicle-wise virtuous and the like, the influence of organic materials on humus in a desert soil combined state and components thereof is reported in soil science, 2019, 56 (6): 1436-1448. The specific determination process comprises the following steps: firstly, 5.000 g of fermentation sample passing through a sieve with the aperture of 0.25 mm is taken into a 100 mL centrifuge tube, and 25 mL of 1.85g/cm 3 Ultrasonically dispersing the zinc bromide solution for 10 min, centrifuging at 4 r/min for 10 min, repeating the centrifuging process twice, and vacuum filtering to separate free organic carbon. Adding 15 mL of 95% alcohol into a zinc bromide extraction sample, centrifuging for 5 min at the speed of 2 r/min, and repeatedly cleaning for 2 times; adding 15 mL of distilled water, centrifuging at a speed of 2 r/min for 5 min, and cleaning for 2 times; it was dried in an air-blast drying oven (40 ℃ C.) and used for determination of recombinant organic carbon. The organic carbon determination method is shown in NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer, and the organic carbon content is organic matter content divided by 1.724.
1. Influence of different organic fertilizer types on soil nutrient content
Selecting a common organic fertilizer (obtained by directly fermenting and decomposing the same biomass raw materials according to the steps (1) - (3) of the embodiment 1, T1), a biological organic fertilizer (the common organic fertilizer is compounded with 2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis (cfu), T2) and the organic fertilizer of the embodiment 1 of the invention as a test verification material, and adding the organic fertilizer at the equal organic matter input amount (2400 kg/hm) 2 ) In the case, the influence of different kinds of organic fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of the soil was studied (table 1, T0 is a blank). The application result of the invention shows that the effect difference of different organic fertilizers on the desert soil is obvious, the organic matter content of the soil is improved by 1.3g/kg compared with the common organic fertilizer by applying the organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate, the soil retention rate of the organic carbon is 78.24 percent, and the common organic fertilizerThe soil retention rate of organic carbon of the organic fertilizer is 64.36 percent, which is improved by 13.88 percent compared with the common organic fertilizer, and simultaneously, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are obviously increased compared with the common organic fertilizer.
TABLE 1 influence of different organic fertilizers on physicochemical properties of soil
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
2. Influence of application amount of organic fertilizer on soil nutrient content
The organic fertilizer of the embodiment 1 of the invention is applied to the sandy loam of the desert soil, and the appropriate application amount is determined. The application results show (Table 2) that the contents of soil organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are increased along with the increase of the application amount, but the dosage of the organic fertilizer of the embodiment 1 of the invention is 3.75t/hm 2 ~7.5t/hm 2 The total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the organic matter content of the soil is the highest or the application efficiency is the highest. Although the contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium tend to increase along with the application amount, the contents increase along with the increase of physical input amount, so that the suitable application amount of the sandy loam soil for irrigation of desert is 250 kg/mu-500 kg/mu.
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilizing amounts on soil nutrients
Figure 728558DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer with high organic carbon soil retention rate comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting the biomass raw material until the temperature of the fermentation product is reduced to below 30 ℃, and then crushing the fermentation product;
(2) Mixing the crushed fermentation product with attapulgite according to the mass ratio of the attapulgite being 30-50%, adjusting the water content to 28-38%, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 with acid, and naturally fermenting until the content of the recombinant organic carbon in the total organic carbon is more than or equal to 70%, and the density of the recombinant organic carbon is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm 3 The organic carbon is obtained to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fermentation process of the step (1) is as follows:
(1.1) adjusting the water content of the biomass raw material to 50-55%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, fully mixing, and sealing for fermentation;
(1.2) in the fermentation process, periodically supplementing oxygen, and adjusting the frequency of turning according to the temperature until the temperature of the fermentation product is reduced to below 30 ℃.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: and (1.2) in the fermentation process, oxygen supplementation is carried out once every 24 hours, when the temperature exceeds 55 ℃, pile turning is carried out, water is supplemented, and when the temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the interval of pile turning and water supplementation is adjusted to 10 days.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the biomass raw material is at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, municipal sludge, straws and sawdust.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the biomass raw material comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are selected from cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung and municipal sludge, the auxiliary materials are selected from straws and sawdust, and the dry weight ratio of the main materials to the auxiliary materials is 70% -30% -80% -20%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) turning over the pile once every 6 to 8 days in the natural fermentation process, supplementing water, and adjusting the pH value to 2 to 3 by using acid.
7. The production method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the acid is nitric acid.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the fermentation product is less than or equal to 60 meshes, and the grain size of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 400 meshes.
9. An organic fertilizer produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The application method of the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground before seeding crops, wherein the application amount of sandy soil is 400kg to 500kg/mu, the application amount of loam is 250kg to 500kg/mu, the application amount of clay is 200kg to 300kg/mu, and then deeply turning over the soil for 20cm to 30cm.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104774058A (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-15 兰州交通大学 Preparation method of attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer
WO2016107560A1 (en) * 2014-12-30 2016-07-07 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Ecological functional phosphorus fertilizer and preparation method therefor
CN109020751A (en) * 2018-09-08 2018-12-18 天津大学 A kind of preparation method of the functional form geobiont repair fertilizer based on the organic carbon skeleton of nutrition member
CN112500244A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-16 刘劲 Preparation method of organic fertilizer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104774058A (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-15 兰州交通大学 Preparation method of attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer
WO2016107560A1 (en) * 2014-12-30 2016-07-07 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Ecological functional phosphorus fertilizer and preparation method therefor
CN109020751A (en) * 2018-09-08 2018-12-18 天津大学 A kind of preparation method of the functional form geobiont repair fertilizer based on the organic carbon skeleton of nutrition member
CN112500244A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-16 刘劲 Preparation method of organic fertilizer

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WU X , GAO P , ZHANG X ,ET AL.: "Synthesis of clay/carbon adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose on palygorskite", APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE, pages 60 - 66 *
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