CN115317439A - 一种克立硼罗微针贴剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种克立硼罗微针贴剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115317439A CN115317439A CN202210840122.6A CN202210840122A CN115317439A CN 115317439 A CN115317439 A CN 115317439A CN 202210840122 A CN202210840122 A CN 202210840122A CN 115317439 A CN115317439 A CN 115317439A
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- Prior art keywords
- cyclodextrin
- microneedle
- microneedle patch
- inclusion compound
- needle
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种克立硼罗微针贴剂及其制备方法。该微针贴剂由基底与针体组成,所述针体是由环糊精包合物、微针骨架材料和溶剂制备而成,所述环糊精包合物由克立硼罗和环糊精包合组成;所述基底由水溶性高分子材料的溶液制备而成。本发明首次提出一种克立硼罗的微针贴剂,该微针贴剂机械性能良好,透皮吸收效果好,与传统的软膏剂相比,该微针贴剂极大地提高了药物的经皮渗透效率,同时提高患者顺应性和给药安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药制剂及其给药方式改进的技术领域,尤其涉及一种克立硼罗微针贴剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性皮肤病,以皮肤炎症和皮肤屏障缺陷为特征。AD的病变以红斑、硬结/丘疹、渗出/结痂为特征。除了引起身体不适外,AD还会对个人生活的情感和社会方面产生重大影响。在美国,AD影响着近1800万人和约11%的儿童。早发性AD是最常见的疾病形式,开始于生命的前两年。共有45%的AD病例开始于生命的前6个月,60%开始于生命的第一年。
Staquis®(舒坦明®、Eucrisa®,克立硼罗2%软膏剂)由美国生物制药公司Anacor研制,辉瑞于2016年6月将该公司收购。2016年12月,Eucrisa®获得美国FDA批准,作为一种局部外用药物,用于2岁及以上儿童和成人患者轻度至中度特应性皮炎(AD)的治疗。此次批准,使克立硼罗成为美国FDA在过去15年批准治疗特应性皮炎(AD)的首个新分子实体。
Staquis®定位为轻度至中度特异性皮炎的无类固醇外用疗法,取代类固醇疗法。该药活性药物成分为克立硼罗(Crisaborole),这是一种非甾体磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂,PDE4介导环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)向单磷酸腺苷(AMP)的转化,从而降低细胞内cAMP水平。在正常生理学中,T细胞及其他免疫细胞中的高水平cAMP可抑制炎症介质的产生。AD患者体内白细胞和单核细胞表现出低水平的cAMP和异常高的PDE活性,而PDE活性增加与炎症反应性有关。抑制PDE,包括PDE4,可降低促炎性细胞因子的释放。与非AD个体相比,AD个体白细胞中的PDE对PDE抑制剂表现出高度敏感性。
皮肤是人体最大的器官,由表皮和真皮组成,借皮下组织与深部的组织相连。软膏剂的透皮吸收有两种途径,即表皮途径和附属器途径。表皮途径是指药物透过表皮角质层进入活性表皮,扩散至真皮被毛细血管吸收进入体循环的途径,它是药物经皮吸收的主要途径;药物通过皮肤附属器吸收,即通过毛囊、皮脂腺和汗腺吸收,但皮肤附属器在皮肤表面所占的面积只有0.1%左右,因此不是药物经皮吸收的主要途径。皮肤的渗透性是影响药物经皮吸收的主要因素之一,皮肤的渗透性存在着个体差异,年龄、性别、用药部位及皮肤的状态都可能引起皮肤渗透性的差异。目前,市售的仅有克立硼罗软膏剂,受皮肤这一特殊器官的影响,药物吸收较低,在33例2至17岁患有轻度至中度特应性皮炎且累及体表面积(BSA)(平均值士标准差(SD))为49%+20%(范围为27%~92%)的儿童受试者中,研究了Staquis®的药代动力学(PK)。在该研究中,给受试者涂抹约3mg/cm2的舒坦明软膏(剂量范围为每次施用约6g至30g),每日2次,连续8天,受试者中血药浓度才可达稳态水平。且由于不具有皮肤靶向性导致相对较多的药物进入血液从而产生不必要的副作用。另外,在Staquis®使用过程中,软膏剂的大量油性辅料带来的油腻感、污染衣物以及制剂多次开盖可能引发的质量问题,在一定程度上降低患者使用的使用依从性。因此,仍然存在一定的毒副作用以及使用依从性较差等问题,限制了克立硼罗软膏在临床上的推广使用。进一步筛选低毒、高效、高顺应性的克立硼罗经皮吸收制剂仍然具有重要意义。
一种新的经皮给药方式亟待被提出,微针主要以微针贴片的形式给药,包括基层贴片和连接在贴片平面上的多个可溶微针,微针贴片的大小和微针的数量可以根据具体给药剂量和给药部位调节。基层一般不含药物,可以由可溶性或者不溶性材料制成,与微针能很好的融合成一体,充当给药时施加压力的平台。可溶微针中的药物,跟随微针插入皮肤,遇组织液溶解从而主动传递药物至皮内,溶解的水溶性可生物降解的微针材料在皮内降解消除,基层则在给药后剥离皮肤。可溶微针溶解过程中微针内药物全部释放,可以通过控制微针的载药量实现微创敷贴和定量给药;微针的溶解也可以解决给药后针头的医疗废品二次危害等问题。目前还没有克立硼罗微针的相关研究的报道。
发明内容
其于上述,有必要提供一种克立硼罗可溶性微针贴片,用于治疗轻度至中度特应性皮炎。具体技术方案如下:
一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,由基底与针体组成,针体是由环糊精包合物、微针骨架材料和溶剂制备而成,环糊精包合物由克立硼罗和环糊精包合组成;
克立硼罗和环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~1:20;
微针骨架材料与环糊精包合物的质量比为1:0.1~1:10;
基底由水溶性高分子材料的溶液制备而成。
优选地,环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精及其各自的衍生物中的至少一种。
进一步地,环糊精选自β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精、磺丙基醚-β-环糊精中的至少一种。。
更进一步地,环糊精具体是羟丙基-β-环糊精。
优选地,微针骨架材料为右旋糖酐、聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、透明质酸、壳聚糖等中的至少一种。
进一步地,微针骨架材料具体是右旋糖酐。
更进一步的,微针骨架材料具体是右旋糖酐40。
优选地,构成基底的水溶性高分子材料为右旋糖酐、聚维酮、明胶等中的至少一种。
优选地,针体中,微针骨架材料与环糊精包合物的质量比为1:1~1:3。
进一步地,针体中,微针骨架材料与环糊精包合物的质量比为1:2。
优选地,环糊精包合物中,克立硼罗与环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~1:10。
进一步地,环糊精包合物中,克立硼罗与环糊精的摩尔比为1:8。
本发明还提出相应的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备环糊精包合物:将克立硼罗与环糊精按照比例溶解于溶剂中,室温搅拌12h,蒸干溶剂,干燥备用;
(2)可溶性微针贴剂的制备:将环糊精包合物和微针骨架材料分别溶解于溶剂中,混合均匀,得针尖制备液;将所得微针针尖制备液加入到制备可溶性微针的模具中,抽真空,使针尖制备液填充模具的微孔,然后进行第一次干燥;再加入不含药物的基底溶液,抽真空,使基底溶液平铺在模具上,然后进行第二次干燥,即得含有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴剂。
优选地,在制备可溶性微针贴剂的过程中,环糊精为羟丙基-β-环糊精,微针骨架材料为右旋糖酐40,溶剂为纯化水,基底为明胶。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明使用环糊精包合技术,改善了克立硼罗难溶性物理特性,增加药物的透皮吸收,减少药物使用量,降低药物的毒副作用;药物被包合后,可避免受光、氧、温度以及湿度的影响,延长药效及保存期。
2.本发明从大量的微针骨架材料中筛选得到右旋糖酐,发现以右旋糖酐为微针针体的骨架材料,和环糊精包合物以一定比例配合,可以制备得到机械强度好,透皮吸收效果好的可溶性微针贴剂。
3.本发明的克立硼罗微针贴剂,由于微针细而尖,一般在穿刺深度仅在角质层,未接触到神经末梢,其尖度亦大幅度减低了针尖接触到神经末梢的概率,减少了对机体相应附属组织的损伤程度,不产生痛觉,因此是无痛给药方式,提高患者顺应性和给药安全性,产品方便于自行施用。
4.本发明的克立硼罗微针贴剂对无毛小鼠进行全皮实验,小鼠血药水平与软膏剂相比,稳态血药浓度更易达到,生物利用度远远高于软膏剂透皮吸收。
5.本发明的克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备条件简单,过程易控制,有利于微针的规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的载有克立硼罗微针的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例2制备得到的载有克立硼罗微针的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例4中克立硼罗微针针尖含药量测定色谱图;
图4为实施例5中的体外透皮实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
需要说明的是,本发明暂不探讨微针贴片中各组分成分筛选及比例变化对克立硼罗渗透皮肤及药效的影响,本发明的主要目的是与现有克立硼罗软膏(STAQUIS®)产品的性能比较,以证实本发明作为一种市面首创的克立硼罗微针产品之可行性及其巨大价值。因此在此本发明仅提供后续皮肤实验中,与现有克立硼罗软膏等剂量的微针贴片的制备过程,故筛选组分及其比例,即下述的实施例1:
实施例1
一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、克立硼罗环糊精包合物的制备
称取2g羟丙基-β-环糊精溶解于2mL纯化水中,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入0.04g克立硼罗,克立硼罗与羟丙基-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:8,磁室温搅拌反应12h,蒸干溶剂,干燥备用。
2、针尖制备液的制备
称取1g右旋糖酐40,溶解于2mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜得到右旋糖酐溶液;称取1g克立硼罗环糊精包合物溶解于1mL纯化水中,得到含药溶液。将右旋糖酐溶液和含药溶液以1:1(v/v)比例混合均匀,得针尖制备液。
3、基底溶液的制备
称取0.5g明胶溶解于2mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜后得到基底溶液。
4、载有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片的制备
将针尖制备液加入到制备微针的模具中,室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,烘箱设置35℃,干燥5~6h;再加入不含药物的基底溶液,再次室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,使基底溶液平铺在模具上,将模具放置在温度为10~30℃、湿度为8~12%的干燥器中干燥20~28h,脱模,即得所述含有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片。该微针的针尖的形状为四棱锥(如图1所述)。
实施例2
根据实施例1的拓展试验,一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、克立硼罗环糊精包合物的制备
称取1gγ-环糊精和1g羟丙基-β-环糊精溶解于2mL纯化水中,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入0.04g克立硼罗,克立硼罗与总环糊精的摩尔比为1:9.6,室温搅拌反应12h,蒸干溶剂,干燥备用。
2、针尖制备液的制备
称取1g右旋糖酐40,溶解于2mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜得到右旋糖酐溶液;称取2g克立硼罗环糊精包合物溶解于2mL纯化水中,得到含药溶液。将右旋糖酐溶液和含药溶液以1:2(v/v)比例混合均匀,得针尖制备液。
3、基底溶液的制备
称取0.4g明胶和0.2g右旋糖酐40溶解于2mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜后得到基底溶液。
4、载有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片的制备
将针尖制备液加入到制备微针的模具中,室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,烘箱设置35℃,干燥5~6h;再加入不含药物的基底溶液,再次室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,使基底溶液平铺在模具上,将模具放置在温度为10~30℃、湿度为8~12%的干燥器中干燥20~28h,脱模,即得所述含有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片。该微针的针尖的形状为四棱锥(如图2所述)。
实施例3
根据实施例1的拓展试验,一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、克立硼罗环糊精包合物的制备
称取1g磺丙基醚-β-环糊精溶解于2mL纯化水中,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入0.04g克立硼罗,克立硼罗与总环糊精的摩尔比为1:10.1,室温搅拌反应12h,蒸干溶剂,干燥备用。
2、针尖制备液的制备
称取1g壳聚糖,溶解于2.5mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜得到壳聚糖溶液;称取1g克立硼罗环糊精包合物溶解于1mL纯化水中,得到含药溶液。将壳聚糖溶液和含药溶液以2.5:1(v/v)比例混合均匀,得针尖制备液。
3、基底溶液的制备
称取0.5g明胶和0.1gPVP溶解于3mL纯化水中,溶胀过夜后得到基底溶液。
4、载有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片的制备
将针尖制备液加入到制备微针的模具中,室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,烘箱设置35℃,干燥5~6h;再加入不含药物的基底溶液,再次室温负压除气泡,吸去含气泡溶液,使基底溶液平铺在模具上,将模具放置在温度为10~30℃、湿度为8~12%的干燥器中干燥20~28h,脱模,即得所述含有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴片。
实施例4
载药量测定
将克立硼罗的微针贴片上的针尖从基底上分离出来,然后将针尖溶解于水中,用高效液相色谱仪对其含量进行测定,计算可溶性微针的针尖含药量。
结果表明羟丙基-β-环糊精对药物的增容效果良好,所制备得到的微针针尖载药量较高。色谱图见图3。
实施例5
采用Franz扩散池进行微针体外药物透皮实验。
采用改良Frnaz装置(接受池体积为6.5mL,接受池有效接触面积为2.8cm2),固定装置,在接受室中加入预温(32±0.5℃)的生理盐水。离体鼠皮(为避免处理鼠皮的操作中,让鼠皮损害程度不一样,选用了无毛小鼠),以生理盐水洗净,用滤纸吸干表面水分,用502胶固定于扩散池的两个半池之间,角质层面向供给池。供体池、受体池分别加入所需试液。将实施例1中制备得到的微针用50N的力按压在离体鼠皮上,保持30s,然后将带有微针的皮肤固定在接收池上,另一实验组在皮肤上涂抹等剂量的克立硼罗软膏(Staquis®)。然后置于温度(32±0.5℃)超级恒温水浴中,电磁恒速搅拌,搅拌速度200r/min。分别于1、2、4、8、12、24h取接收液5mL,同时立即补充同体积预温32℃的生理盐水。接受液蒸干,用乙腈溶解并定容至1mL,微孔滤膜(0.45µm)滤过,弃去初滤液,收集续滤液,进样测定,绘制药物的透皮溶出曲线。
结果显示(图4):微针组的透皮效率远大于软膏的透皮效率,这是由于皮肤角质层的存在阻碍了软膏制剂中的药物渗透进入皮肤,而微针是通过在皮肤上形成机械孔道,显著加速药物的渗透。软膏透皮组在透皮实验进行8小时后,药物的经皮渗透量仍然不到10%,而微针组在透皮实验进行1小时后药物的传递量已经超过凝胶传递8小时的药物剂量,在实验进行12小时后,可溶性微针组的药物传递量已经达到80%。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,由基底与针体组成,所述针体是由环糊精包合物、微针骨架材料和溶剂制备而成,所述环糊精包合物由克立硼罗和环糊精包合组成;
所述克立硼罗和环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~1:20;
所述微针骨架材料与环糊精包合物的质量比为1:0.1~1:10;
所述基底由水溶性高分子材料的溶液制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精及其各自的衍生物中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精、磺丙基醚-β-环糊精中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述微针骨架材料为右旋糖酐、聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、透明质酸、壳聚糖等中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述微针骨架材料具体是右旋糖酐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,构成基底的所述水溶性高分子材料为右旋糖酐、聚维酮、明胶等中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述针体中,微针骨架材料与环糊精包合物的质量比为1:1~1:3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂,其特征在于,所述环糊精包合物中,克立硼罗与环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~1:10。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备环糊精包合物:将克立硼罗与环糊精按照比例溶解于溶剂中,室温搅拌12h,蒸干溶剂,干燥备用;
(2)可溶性微针贴剂的制备:将环糊精包合物和微针骨架材料分别溶解于溶剂中,混合均匀,得针尖制备液;将所得微针针尖制备液加入到制备可溶性微针的模具中,抽真空,使针尖制备液填充模具的微孔,然后进行第一次干燥;再加入不含药物的基底溶液,抽真空,使基底溶液平铺在模具上,然后进行第二次干燥,即得所述含有克立硼罗的可溶性微针贴剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种克立硼罗微针贴剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在制备所述可溶性微针贴剂的过程中,环糊精为羟丙基-β-环糊精,微针骨架材料为右旋糖酐40,溶剂为纯化水,基底为明胶。
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