CN115316550A - 一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料 - Google Patents
一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料技术领域，尤其是一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，以重量份计，其原料组成为：棕榈粕200‑290份、进口牛肉骨粉180‑250份、磷酸一二钙0‑30份、粗石粉250‑350份、细石粉50‑100份、饲料级氯化钠50‑80份、碳酸氢钠0‑20份、70％赖氨酸30‑60份、蛋氨酸15‑30份、蛋氨酸钙1‑5份、胆碱10‑20份、甜菜碱2‑5份、复合微量元素15‑25份、复合维生素15‑25份、复合酶制剂2‑6份、短链脂肪酸1‑4份、复合微生态2‑6份。本发明通过有机矿物质的筛选使用和营养物质消化吸收效率的提高，降低鸡蛋产蛋期矿物质添加和养殖排放；降低无机微量元素的添加，从而减少高价格脂溶性维生素的使用，有效降低饲料成本和延长饲料保质期；通过配方调整石粉不同粒径的配比有效提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料技术领域，尤其是一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料。
背景技术
蛋鸡肠道容积小，食物停留时间短，养分消化率低，要维持高生产效率，只能依赖高营养浓度的日粮。但是高浓度的无机微量元素对饲料中的维生素、微生态等均会造成一定的破坏作用，尤其被动物采食后，这些无机微量元素会迅速分解，在消化道内对营养成分的破坏作用更加明显。同时,预混料的由于无机微量元素的生物利用率低，随粪便排出到环境中后对环境造成污染。在蛋鸡日粮中含有大量的磷存在,但是60％～75％的磷以植酸磷的形式存在，吸收利用率很低。同时，植酸能够螯合蛋白质和金属离子，提高植物性饲料中磷的利用率，能够提高机体对蛋白质及各种矿物元素的利用率,有效缓解植物性饲料中植酸盐的抗营养作用，改善动物生产性能。
在饲料资源日趋紧缺、环境污染日趋严重、食品安全问题日益严峻的今天，研究蛋鸡矿物质高效利用技术，创制生态环保型饲料，实现蛋鸡日粮矿物质、维生素的减量投入，降低粪便矿物质的末端排放，可缓解环境压力对蛋鸡生产的束缚和促进蛋鸡产业健康发展。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料及使用方法，降低蛋鸡日粮中矿物质的添加和养殖的排放，有效降低蛋鸡养殖对环境危害；通过对维生素的保护，降低维生素的添加量和延长饲料保质期。
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，由以下按重量份计的组分组成，棕榈粕200-290份、进口牛肉骨粉180-250份、磷酸一二钙0-30份、粗石粉250-350份、细石粉50-100份、饲料级氯化钠50-80份、碳酸氢钠0-20份、70％赖氨酸30-60份、蛋氨酸15-30份、蛋氨酸钙1-5份、胆碱10-20份、甜菜碱2-5份、复合微量元素15-25份、复合维生素15-25份、复合酶制剂2-6份、短链脂肪酸1-4份、复合微生态2-6份。
所述粗石粉的粒径为2-4mm，所述细石粉的粒径为0-2mm。
所述的复合微量元素选自硫酸铜或羟基蛋氨酸铜或硫酸铁或硫酸锰或羟基蛋氨酸锰或硫酸锌或羟基蛋氨酸锌或亚硒酸钠或碘酸钙或其混合物。
所述的复合维生素选自维生素A或维生素D3或维生素E或维生素K3或维生素B1或维生素B2或维生素B6或维生素B12或烟酸或泛酸或叶酸或生物素或其混合物。
所述的复合酶制剂选自植酸酶或淀粉酶或阿拉伯木聚糖酶或葡萄糖氧化酶或β-葡聚糖酶或蛋白酶或α-半乳糖苷酶或其混合物。
所述的短链脂肪酸选自甲酸钙或乙酸或丙酸或丁酸钠或乳酸或柠檬酸或柠檬酸钙或延胡索酸或苯甲酸或其混合物。
所述的复合微生态选自乳酸菌或枯草芽孢杆菌或双歧杆菌或屎肠球菌或丁酸梭菌或其混合物。
植酸酶：将磷酸残基从植酸上水解下来，将植酸磷变成可以被蛋鸡吸收利用的水溶性磷，促进植酸磷的吸收。
碳酸氢钠：提供蛋鸡日粮钠离子，降低饲料级氯化钠的使用，能够减少氯元素对蛋壳质量的影响，有效改善蛋壳质量。
短链脂肪酸：短链脂肪酸可阻断细菌细胞膜的转运，使细菌和其所处的环境处于一种相对平衡的状态。通过改变细菌细胞内的pH，破坏细菌细胞内的酸碱平衡。它不仅限制了细菌再生产或者合成毒素的能力，而且最终可导致致病菌的死亡。在肠道中短链脂肪酸促进乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的生长，这些细菌通过产生乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和酪氨酸，促进蛋鸡肠道健康，还可以进一步抑制蛋鸡消化道内致病菌的定植和生长。短链脂肪酸可使肠道pH值降低，增强矿物质的溶解，促进矿物元素的吸收。
非淀粉多糖酶：非淀粉多糖是植物原料细胞壁的组成成分，具有阻碍营养物质吸收，降低肠道内酶活性和促进肠道有害菌过度增殖，损害肠道黏膜正常形态等抗营养作用。非淀粉多糖酶可以破坏植物细胞壁，释放植物细胞中的营养物质，使营养物质与肠道内源酶充分接触得以消化吸收，提高营养物质转化率，改善肠道微生物平衡。非淀粉多糖酶制剂产物具有益生元的作用，作用过程中产生的甘露寡糖、低聚木糖等，可促进有益菌增殖，吸附病原菌，改善肠道微生态。
本发明经过多年实践，通过高吸收率有机矿物质的添加，降低日粮矿物质的添加；通过植酸酶的添加，提高蛋鸡日粮中植酸磷的利用率；通过短链脂肪酸的使用，提高矿物质的溶解和吸收效率；通过复合微生态的添加和益生菌在肠道内的增殖，提高蛋鸡肠道内源消化酶的活力；通过非淀粉多糖酶的使用，提高日粮螯合矿物元素的释放和促进肠道有益菌增殖。本发明所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，降低蛋鸡日粮矿物质的添加和养殖排放，有助于蛋鸡产业化发展和环境保护。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的原料均为市购。
实施例1
一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，按重量份计，其原料组成为：棕榈粕249份、进口牛肉骨粉250份、粗石粉300份、细石粉50份、饲料级氯化钠55份、碳酸氢钠15份、70％赖氨酸35份、蛋氨酸24份、蛋氨酸钙5份、胆碱14份、甜菜碱2份、复合微量元素20份、复合维生素20份、复合酶制剂4份、短链脂肪酸3份、复合微生态4份。
其中，复合微量元素中各成分按重量百分比为：五水硫酸铜0.36％、羟基蛋氨酸铜0.41％、一水硫酸亚铁14.81％、一水硫酸锰7.85％、羟基蛋氨酸锰8.81％、一水硫酸锌6.43％、羟基蛋氨酸锌5.14％、亚硒酸钠0.85％、碘酸钙1.17％，其余部分以麦饭石作为载体。
其中，复合维生素中各成分按重量百分比为：维生素A占2.58％、维生素D3占0.96％、维生素E占12.21％、维生素K3占0.32％、维生素B1占0.43％、维生素B2占1.32％、维生素B6占0.49％、维生素B12占0.28％、烟酸占5.37％、泛酸占1.96％、叶酸占1.97％、生物素占1.19％，其余部分以玉米芯粉作为载体。
其中，复合酶制剂包括植酸酶≥12000U/g、纤维素酶≥2000U/g、淀粉酶≥2000U/g、蛋白酶≥3000U/g、α-半乳糖苷酶≥2000U/g。
其中，短链脂肪酸包括柠檬酸钙、苯甲酸、丁酸钠，柠檬酸钙：苯甲酸：丁酸钠按重量比为2：2：1。
其中，复合微生态制剂含有乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌，乳酸杆菌：枯草芽孢杆菌：丁酸梭菌的重量比为2：2：1，每千克所述复合微生态制剂中含有有效活菌250000亿。
对照组使用方法：按玉米61份+豆粕25份+豆油0.5份+石粉8.5份+市售产蛋鸡饲料5份配成全价饲料，每天采食量115克/只/天左右。
试验组使用方法：按玉米61份+豆粕25份+豆油0.5份+石粉8.5份+本饲料5份配成全价饲料，每天采食量115克/只/天左右。
对照组石粉以购入石粉直接使用，未重新配制。试验组中石粉使用，粗糙颗粒(2-4mm)：精细颗粒(0-2mm)比例为3：2。
实施例2
一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，按重量份计，其原料组成为：棕榈粕265份、进口牛肉骨粉230份、磷酸一二钙10份、粗石粉300份、细石粉70份、饲料级氯化钠50份、碳酸氢钠15份、70％赖氨酸38份、蛋氨酸20份、蛋氨酸钙5份、胆碱15份、甜菜碱3份、复合微量元素20份、复合维生素20份、复合酶制剂3份、短链脂肪酸3份、复合微生态3份。
其中，复合微量元素中各成分按重量百分比为：五水硫酸铜0.53％、羟基蛋氨酸铜0.31％、一水硫酸亚铁14.81％、一水硫酸锰11.32％、羟基蛋氨酸锰5.11％、一水硫酸锌9.11％、羟基蛋氨酸锌3.22％、亚硒酸钠0.85％、碘酸钙1.17％，其余部分以麦饭石作为载体。
其中，复合维生素中各成分按重量百分比为：维生素A占2.75％、维生素D3占0.96％、维生素E占12.93％、维生素K3占0.32％、维生素B1占0.43％、维生素B2占1.32％、维生素B6占0.49％、维生素B12占0.28％、烟酸占5.37％、泛酸占1.96％、叶酸占1.97％、生物素占1.19％，其余部分以玉米芯粉作为载体。
其中，复合酶制剂包括植酸酶≥12000U/g、纤维素酶≥2000U/g、淀粉酶≥2000U/g、蛋白酶≥3000U/g、α-半乳糖苷酶≥2000U/g。
其中，短链脂肪酸包括柠檬酸、苯甲酸、丁酸钠，柠檬酸：苯甲酸：丁酸钠按重量比为2：1：2。
其中，复合微生态制剂含有乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌，乳酸杆菌：枯草芽孢杆菌：双歧杆菌菌的重量比为1：2：2，每千克所述复合微生态制剂中含有有效活菌250000亿。
使用方法同实施例1，不再赘述。
实施例3
一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，按重量份计，其原料组成为：棕榈粕288份、进口牛肉骨粉210份、磷酸二氢钙20份、粗石粉295份、细石粉98份、饲料级氯化钠60份、70％赖氨酸36份、蛋氨酸25份、蛋氨酸钙4份、胆碱10份、甜菜碱3份、复合微量元素20份、复合维生素20份、复合酶制剂4份、短链脂肪酸2份、复合微生态3份。
其中，复合微量元素中各成分按重量百分比为：五水硫酸铜0.75％、羟基蛋氨酸铜0.16％、一水硫酸亚铁14.81％、一水硫酸锰16.61％、羟基蛋氨酸锰4.32％、一水硫酸锌12.43％、羟基蛋氨酸锌3.35％、亚硒酸钠0.85％、碘酸钙1.17％，其余部分为通用载体。
其中，复合维生素中各成分按重量百分比为：维生素A占2.83％、维生素D3占0.96％、维生素E占13.32％、维生素K3占0.32％、维生素B1占0.43％、维生素B2占1.32％、维生素B6占0.49％、维生素B12占0.28％、烟酸占5.37％、泛酸占1.96％、叶酸占1.97％、生物素占1.19％，其余部分为通用载体。
其中，复合酶制剂包括植酸酶≥12000U/g、纤维素酶≥2000U/g、淀粉酶≥2000U/g、蛋白酶≥3000U/g、α-半乳糖苷酶≥2000U/g。
其中，短链脂肪酸包括柠檬酸、苯甲酸、丁酸钠，柠檬酸：苯甲酸：丁酸钠按重量比为2：1：1。
其中，复合微生态制剂含有乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌，乳酸杆菌：枯草芽孢杆菌：屎肠球菌的重量比为2：2：1，每千克所述复合微生态制剂中含有有效活菌250000亿以上。
使用方法同实施例1，不再赘述。
试验结果
为了验证本发明对产蛋鸡的饲用效果，公司技术部于2020年8－11月在养殖户蛋鸡场进行了为期120天的饲喂试验。试验采用单因素对比试验设计，9000只360日龄的一栋健康海兰褐蛋鸡被随机分为试验组和对照组，每组包括3个重复。试验组日粮为本项目产蛋鸡饲料(实施例1、2、3)，对照组日粮为市售5％蛋鸡产蛋期复合预混合饲料。
预混料中维生素A、E存留率试验，将对照组和实施例1、2、3放置于蛋鸡场仓库中存放6周，每两周测定一次预混料中维生素A、维生素E存留率，共测定3次。预混料中的维生素A含量，按GB/T17817-2010方法检测；预混料中的维生素E含量，按GB/T17812-2008方法检测。
饲养试验，将对照组和实施例1、2、3配制成配合饲料饲喂试验鸡群。每两周测定一次各处理组蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、哈氏单位、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、料蛋比。
代谢试验，饲养试验结束前，每重复连续3天收集部分新鲜粪样，剔除毛屑杂物，于65～70℃烘干至恒重，回潮，粉碎后制成风干样品。日粮磷含量、粪便磷含量和胫骨磷含量采用钒钼铵比色法测定，粪便铜、锰、锌含量采用原子吸收法测定。
试验结果表明：经过6周存放后，各试验组维生素A、E存留率均高于对照组，其中实施例1最优；蛋鸡生产性能，试验组均优于对照组；蛋品质测定，哈氏单位、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度，各组接近，无显著性差异；胫骨磷含量，各组接近，无显著性差异；粪便中磷、铜、锰、锌含量，试验组显著低于对照组。在降低海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋期日粮矿物质使用量的情况下，各试验组胫骨磷含量和蛋壳质量未受影响，生产性能得到改善，降低了蛋鸡养殖中矿物质的排放。
表1不同预混料中维生素A、E存留率
表2不同日粮蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、粪便和胫骨磷含量
Claims (7)
1.一种蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：以重量份计，其原料组成为：棕榈粕200-290份、进口牛肉骨粉180-250份、磷酸一二钙0-30份、粗石粉250-350份、细石粉50-100份、饲料级氯化钠50-80份、碳酸氢钠0-20份、70％赖氨酸30-60份、蛋氨酸15-30份、蛋氨酸钙1-5份、胆碱10-20份、甜菜碱2-5份、复合微量元素15-25份、复合维生素15-25份、复合酶制剂2-6份、短链脂肪酸1-4份、复合微生态2-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述的复合微量元素选自硫酸铜或羟基蛋氨酸铜或硫酸铁或硫酸锰或羟基蛋氨酸锰或硫酸锌或羟基蛋氨酸锌或亚硒酸钠或碘酸钙或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述的复合维生素选自维生素A或维生素D3或维生素E或维生素K3或维生素B1或维生素B2或维生素B6或维生素B12或烟酸或泛酸或叶酸或生物素或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述的复合酶制剂选自植酸酶或淀粉酶或阿拉伯木聚糖酶或葡萄糖氧化酶或β-葡聚糖酶或蛋白酶或α-半乳糖苷酶或其混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述的短链脂肪酸选自甲酸钙或乙酸或丙酸或丁酸钠或乳酸或柠檬酸或柠檬酸钙或延胡索酸或苯甲酸或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述的复合微生态选自乳酸菌或枯草芽孢杆菌或双歧杆菌或屎肠球菌或丁酸梭菌或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的蛋鸡产蛋期低矿物质预混料，其特征在于：所述粗石粉的粒径为2-4mm，所述细石粉的粒径为0-2mm。
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