CN115302865A - 一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN115302865A
CN115302865A CN202210884180.9A CN202210884180A CN115302865A CN 115302865 A CN115302865 A CN 115302865A CN 202210884180 A CN202210884180 A CN 202210884180A CN 115302865 A CN115302865 A CN 115302865A
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energy storage
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雷响
周玉刚
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Anhui Yangzi Flooring Inc Co
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，属于复合地板技术领域，包括以下步骤：S1、将表面活性剂置于去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入石蜡，高速搅拌形成乳液，再将乙醇、热塑性聚烯烃和无机填料溶液，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下匀速搅拌成溶液；S2、将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下高速搅拌，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；S3、将得到的蓄热材料体设置于蓄热材料层中，并配合基底层、平衡层、表层和装饰层，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。本发明通过将蓄热材料体复合入地板中的蓄热材料层以防止相变物质从建材中流失，有效提高传统建材的储能效果。

Description

一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合地板技术领域，具体涉及一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法。
背景技术
为应对一年四季中冬、夏季节的冷、热环境变化，营造适宜舒适办公及居住环境，现有的室内温度调节方式分为：冬季采暖通常使用地暖，夏季采用空调降温，这两套系统都是通过电力或其他能源进行能量的转换来实现的，都存在着使用过程中峰谷不平衡的问题。相变储能材料(PCM)作为一种新兴的功能材料，其工作原理是：利用材料的相变过程，吸收(或释放)相变潜热，来实现对环境中能量的吸收(或释放)，进而可以储热或制冷，从而实现储能的目标。相变储能属于潜热储能的一种，与显热储能相比具有储能密度高、储能(或释能)过程近似等温、过程易控等特点，非常适于解决能量供给与需求失衡及其在空间、时间上不匹配的矛盾，可将室温保持在18℃～26℃左右，使用方便且安全可靠。
经检索，现有申请号为200610035970.0、一种相变调温储能地板的专利文件，公开了：包括相变调温储能地板从碎木材、刨花、木屑中提取木质，加入从废纸中提取的纤维，木材细胞壁由多糖的纤维素和半纤维素以及具有芳香性的木质组成，木质纤维制造是经过温度高达180℃-280℃以上聚合处理经特制挤出设备挤压出调温储能地板。虽然该地板成功将相变储能材料复合进地板中，具有调温储能功效，但是直接加入的相变物质很容易从地板中流失出去，循环使用性差。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，发明人经过实践和总结得出本发明的技术方案，本发明公开了一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将表面活性剂置于去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入石蜡，高速搅拌形成乳液，再将乙醇、热塑性聚烯烃和无机填料溶液，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下匀速搅拌成溶液，然后加入pH值调节剂将体系pH值调节到10.0～12.5；
S2、将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下高速搅拌，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；
S3、将得到的蓄热材料体设置于蓄热材料层中，并配合基底层、平衡层、表层和装饰层，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。
进一步优选地，S1中，所述乳液的组分按重量份数计为：石蜡：30～60份、去离子水：40～60份、表面活性剂：1～10份，所述溶液的组分按重量份数计为：乙醇：30～60份、热塑性聚烯烃：25～40份、无机填料溶液：10～20份。
进一步优选地，S1中，使用的所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇、十八烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、十四烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基硫酸钠中的一种或多种，使用的所述石蜡碳数为18-23。以上各类物质作为表面活性剂的性能优良，如十二烷基硫酸钠，其与阴离子、非离子复配伍性好，具有良好的乳化性、起泡性、发泡、渗透、去污和分散性能。
进一步优选地，S1和S2中所述高速搅拌的转速范围为800～1200转/分。
进一步优选地，S1中，所述无机填料溶液包括无机填料和偶联剂的水溶液，所述偶联剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠中的一种或多种。其中无机填料优选为碳酸钙粉末，起其在受热达到一定温度时分解放出二氧化碳气体，同时吸收大量潜热，从而降低了材料表面的火焰实际温度，使基材受热降解为低分子的速度降低，减少了可燃气体的释放，同时分解生成的氧化钙还是良好的耐火材料，可提高基材抵抗火焰的能力，起到隔绝空气阻止燃烧的目的，由于碳酸钙受热分解能使燃烧的三要素(温度、氧气和可燃物)同时受到了控制，起到了很好的阻燃效果，而且碳酸钙在整个阻燃过程中没有产生任何有害物质，其分解产物氧化钙在阻燃的同时还能够大量吸收橡胶、塑料等高分子燃烧所产生的有害气体和烟雾，因此，碳酸钙粉末作为无机填料具有无毒、抑烟、制备简单、价格低廉等优点，并且燃烧产物单一无有毒物质产生，不会对环境产生二次污染，更加绿色环保；硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠中的一种或多种物质作为偶联剂具有很大的灵活性和多功能性，显示良好的偶联效果。
进一步优选地，S3中所述储能地板由下至上依次设置为基底层、平衡层蓄热材料层、表层和装饰层，所述蓄热材料层呈宫格矩阵式设置，每个所述宫格中填充有蓄热材料体。
进一步优选地，所述基底层为高分子发泡材料弹性层，能够起到良好的减震及隔音的作用，有效降低人在地板行走时产生的噪音，使用感很好。
进一步优选地，所述平衡层为具有三聚氰胺甲醛树脂浸渍层的平衡纸，能够起到很好的平衡作用，在避免地板翘曲的同时形成良好的防潮和阻燃保护。
进一步优选地，所述表层是由木质类、有机树脂类、无机类材料中的一种或多种材料复合，并通过切削、模塑、胶合等方法制成。可有效消除内应力，防止变形，进一步保证地板的稳定性。
进一步优选地，所述装饰层包括表面具有原木纹理并涂刷有三氧化二铝微粉的装饰纸，以及涂覆在装饰纸上的UV漆膜。其中，三氧化二铝使得地板表面的耐磨性能得到进一步提升，UV漆膜则进一步加强地板的耐刮性能，有效延长地板整体的使用期限。
与现有技术相比，本发明可以获得以下技术效果：
本发明的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，通过将蓄热材料体复合入地板中的蓄热材料层以防止相变物质从建材中流失，有效提高传统建材的储能效果，延长使用寿命，稳定性良好，并且工艺简单，利用现有的工业加工技术，进一步提高了生产效果，具有很好的使用及推广价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的剖视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步描述。
如图1-2所示，一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法；
其中，该相变储能地板包括由下至上依次设置的基底层1、平衡层2、蓄热材料层3、表层4和装饰层5；基底层1为高分子发泡材料弹性层，平衡层2为具有三聚氰胺甲醛树脂浸渍层的平衡纸，蓄热材料层3采用由原木屑压制而成的高密度板，并且设置成宫格矩阵式结构，表层4是由木质类、有机树脂类、无机类材料中的一种或多种材料复合，并通过切削、模塑、胶合等方法制成，装饰层5包括表面具有原木纹理并涂刷有三氧化二铝微粉的装饰纸，以及涂覆在装饰纸上的UV漆膜。
实施例1
一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，具体步骤如下：
将3份十二烷基硫酸钠置于40份去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入30份碳数18～23的石蜡，以1000转/分的速度搅拌，制成乳液；然后将碳酸钙加入硬脂酸钠的水溶液中进行分解，得到碳酸钙的无机填料溶液，再将50份无水乙醇、40份热塑性聚烯烃和10份碳酸钙溶液置于容器内，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以800转/分的速度搅拌30分钟，制成溶液，搅拌的同时加入氢氧化钠pH调节剂使得体系pH值保持在10.0。
随后将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以1000转/分的速度搅拌2小时，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；最后，将得到的蓄热材料体填充在蓄热材料层3的矩阵宫格中，并配合基底层1、平衡层2、表层4和装饰层5，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。使用DSC(示差扫描量热仪)测得该储能地板的相变温度为27.6℃，相变潜热为90.5kJ/kg；阻燃性能测定采用氧指数法测得该地板的氧指数为27。自然界空气中的氧气体积浓度为21％(即氧指数为21)，从理论上讲，任何材料的氧指数只要大于21，其在空气中就有自熄性，即达到阻止燃烧的目标。
比较例1
按照200610035970.0所述的方法制造了相变调温储能地板，具体过程如下：从碎木材、刨花、木屑中提取木质，加入从废纸中提取的纤维，经过温度高达180℃-280℃以上聚合处理经特制挤出设备挤压出调温储能地板。经过测试，该相变调温地板稳定性差，循环使用后出现相变物质泄露的现象，过程中相变潜热值也存在波动。
实施例2
将3份十二烷基硫酸钠置于40份去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入50份碳数18～23的石蜡，以1000转/分的速度搅拌，制成乳液；然后将碳酸钙加入硬脂酸钠的水溶液中进行分解，得到碳酸钙的无机填料溶液，再将50份无水乙醇、30份热塑性聚烯烃和10份碳酸钙溶液置于容器内，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以800转/分的速度搅拌30分钟，制成溶液，搅拌的同时加入氢氧化钠pH调节剂使得体系pH值保持在10.0。
随后将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以1000转/分的速度搅拌2小时，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；最后，将得到的蓄热材料体填充在蓄热材料层3的矩阵宫格中，并配合基底层1、平衡层2、表层4和装饰层5，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。使用DSC(示差扫描量热仪)测得该储能地板的相变温度为28.4℃，相变潜热为82.4kJ/kg；阻燃性能测定采用氧指数法测得该地板的氧指数为28。
实施例3
将3份十二烷基硫酸钠置于40份去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入60份碳数18～23的石蜡，以1000转/分的速度搅拌，制成乳液；然后将碳酸钙加入硬脂酸钠的水溶液中进行分解，得到碳酸钙的无机填料溶液，再将50份无水乙醇、30份热塑性聚烯烃和20份碳酸钙溶液置于容器内，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以800转/分的速度搅拌30分钟，制成溶液，搅拌的同时加入氢氧化钠pH调节剂使得体系pH值保持在10.0。
随后将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下，以1000转/分的速度搅拌2小时，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；最后，将得到的蓄热材料体填充在蓄热材料层3的矩阵宫格中，并配合基底层1、平衡层2、表层4和装饰层5，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。使用DSC(示差扫描量热仪)测得该储能地板的相变温度为27.1℃，相变潜热为78.2kJ/kg；阻燃性能测定采用氧指数法测得该地板的氧指数为28。
表1：储能地板的性能对比
Figure BDA0003765347510000061
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

1.一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将表面活性剂置于去离子水中溶解，待水温升至石蜡熔点后，加入石蜡，高速搅拌形成乳液，再将乙醇、热塑性聚烯烃和无机填料溶液，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下匀速搅拌成溶液，然后加入pH值调节剂将体系pH值调节到10.0～12.5；
S2、将得到的溶液逐滴加入到乳液中，在高于石蜡熔点的温度下高速搅拌，得到混合沉淀物，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、模压成型制得蓄热材料体；
S3、将得到的蓄热材料体设置于蓄热材料层(3)中，并配合基底层(1)、平衡层(2)、表层(4)和装饰层(5)，并通过热压胶合成型制得储能地板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：S1中，所述乳液的组分按重量份数计为：石蜡：30～60份、去离子水：40～60份、表面活性剂：1～10份，所述溶液的组分按重量份数计为：乙醇：30～60份、热塑性聚烯烃：25～40份、无机填料溶液：10～20份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：S1中，使用的所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇、十八烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、十四烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基硫酸钠中的一种或多种，使用的所述石蜡碳数为18-23。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：S1和S2中所述高速搅拌的转速范围为800～1200转/分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：S1中，所述无机填料溶液包括无机填料和偶联剂的水溶液，所述偶联剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：S3中所述储能地板由下至上依次设置为基底层(1)、平衡层(2)、蓄热材料层(3)、表层(4)和装饰层(5)，所述蓄热材料层(3)呈宫格矩阵式设置，每个所述宫格中填充有蓄热材料体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述基底层(1)为高分子发泡材料弹性层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述平衡层(2)为具有三聚氰胺甲醛树脂浸渍层的平衡纸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述表层(4)是由木质类、有机树脂类、无机类材料中的一种或多种材料复合，并通过切削、模塑、胶合等方法制成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种保温稳定的相变储能地板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述装饰层(5)包括表面具有原木纹理并涂刷有三氧化二铝微粉的装饰纸，以及涂覆在装饰纸上的UV漆膜。
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CN103102869A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种相变储能材料的制造方法
CN103102109A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种相变储能地板砖及其制造方法
CN206971651U (zh) * 2017-06-22 2018-02-06 揭晓雄 一种地暖型耐磨面多层实木地板
CN209910477U (zh) * 2019-05-15 2020-01-07 北京民利储能技术有限公司 一种供热量可调节的相变蓄热地板

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CN103102869A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种相变储能材料的制造方法
CN103102109A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种相变储能地板砖及其制造方法
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