CN115288236A - Water-saving equipment for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil and quick vegetation recovery method - Google Patents
Water-saving equipment for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil and quick vegetation recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115288236A CN115288236A CN202210999295.2A CN202210999295A CN115288236A CN 115288236 A CN115288236 A CN 115288236A CN 202210999295 A CN202210999295 A CN 202210999295A CN 115288236 A CN115288236 A CN 115288236A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses water-saving equipment for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil and a quick vegetation recovery method, wherein in the water-saving equipment, a rainwater collecting device is arranged between vegetation recovery strips in the saline-alkali soil, a water collecting bucket is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices and is used for storing rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting device, and the water collecting bucket is fixed on a movable fixed vehicle so as to move the position; the rainwater collecting device comprises a water collecting sector, a horizontal guide pipe and a vertical fixing frame, the water collecting sector is fixed on the vertical fixing frame according to a preset angle, the extended water collecting sector is used for collecting rainwater, the horizontal guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of an inclined plane of the water collecting sector and the top of the vertical fixing frame, and the horizontal guide pipe conveys the received rainwater to the water collecting barrel through a hose. By adopting the technical scheme, the rainwater balance between rainy season and dry season is realized, the problem of fresh water resource shortage is solved, the stable germination and growth of the vegetation for repairing are ensured, and the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil is quickly recovered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to water-saving equipment for quickly restoring vegetation in saline-alkali soil and a method for quickly restoring vegetation in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The vegetation restoration and ecological restoration in the yellow river delta area are important components of ecological protection and high-quality development of the yellow river downstream watershed. However, the evaporation capacity of the saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta is larger than the rainfall capacity, the soil salinization is serious, the soil water holding capacity is weak, and the saline-alkali soil is easy to dry due to serious water leakage of developed soil of a canal system, so that the germination, growth and development of plants are not facilitated. Moreover because the vegetation on the ground of the saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta is rare, the soil is bare, and the salt can be contained and gathered to the surface soil under the action of evaporation, so that the salinization of the saline-alkali soil of the area is aggravated, the degradation of the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil is further aggravated, and the vegetation type of the area is single, and the biological diversity is fragile.
The vegetation restoration of the saline-alkali soil is one of the important technologies for the ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta and is limited by fresh water resources. However, the fresh water resource of the yellow river delta is lack, and the vegetation recovery effect of the saline-alkali soil is seriously restricted, so that the water resource conservation and utilization become one of important tasks of the saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta.
In addition, because the yellow river delta saline-alkali soil is rare and single in vegetation and bare in soil, the surface soil layer of the yellow river delta saline-alkali soil lacks vegetation seed resources, so that the natural vegetation recovery of the yellow river delta is greatly limited, but the yellow river delta has native vegetation of the resources such as reed, limonium, suaeda glauca, apocynum venetum and fructus cnidii, and provides the seed resources for vegetation recovery for saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides water-saving equipment for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil and a method for quickly recovering vegetation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a water saving apparatus for rapid restoration of vegetation in saline and alkaline land, comprising: the rainwater collecting device, the water collecting barrel and the movable fixed vehicle;
the rainwater collecting device is arranged between vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, the water collecting bucket is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices and used for storing rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices, and the water collecting bucket is fixed on the movable fixed vehicle so as to move the position;
the rainwater collecting device comprises a water collecting sector, a horizontal flow guide pipe and a vertical fixing frame, the water collecting sector is fixed on the vertical fixing frame according to a preset angle, the extending water collecting sector is used for collecting rainwater, the horizontal flow guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of an inclined plane of the water collecting sector and at the top of the vertical fixing frame, and the horizontal flow guide pipe conveys the received rainwater into the water collecting barrel through a hose.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the rainwater collecting device further includes a sector adjusting bracket, the vertical fixing frame is provided with a multi-gear adjusting chute, and a sliding block which can be fixed at multiple positions in the multi-gear adjusting chute is arranged in the multi-gear adjusting chute;
the bottom end of the water collecting sector is hinged and fixed on the vertical fixing frame, the upper end of the sector adjusting support is fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the water collecting sector, and the lower end of the sector adjusting support is fixed on the sliding block.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove is a stepless adjusting sliding groove, and the sliding block can be fixed at any position in the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove to adjust an included angle of the water collecting sector relative to the vertical fixing frame.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the water collecting sector is a light solar panel, a light PVC panel, or a light stainless steel plate, and the maximum included angle between the water collecting sector and the vertical fixing frame is 135 °.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the horizontal flow guide tube is an arc-shaped or semicircular PVC pipe, a PCR pipe or a stainless steel pipe, the horizontal flow guide tube is arranged obliquely, and the gradient of the horizontal flow guide tube is set to 2% to 5%.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the bottom of the vertical fixing frame is provided with a movable wheel, a movable fixed leg is arranged at a side portion of the vertical fixing frame, the movable fixed leg is used for supporting the vertical fixing frame in an upright state, and the movable wheel is used for supporting the rainwater collection device to integrally move.
In the above technical solution, preferably, one water collecting bucket is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices every 30 meters to 50 meters, the height of the vertical fixing frame is not more than 1.5 meters, and the height of the water collecting bucket is lower than the horizontal flow guide pipe.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which utilizes the water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil disclosed by any one of the technical schemes and comprises the following steps:
laying vegetation recovery strips in the saline-alkali soil;
arranging rainwater collecting devices between the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, arranging water collecting buckets fixed on a movable fixed vehicle between the rainwater collecting devices, and conveying rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices to the water collecting buckets for storage;
the surface soil layer of the saline-alkali land vegetation recovery strip area is cleared up, and seeds of the preset types of the vegetation for repairing are sown according to the soil salinity content and the preset amount;
and covering a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material on a sowing area after the sowing is finished until the seeds germinate, recovering, utilizing the water collecting barrel to store rainwater in rainy season, and utilizing the stored rainwater to irrigate the repairing vegetation in dry season to realize the normal recovery of the repairing vegetation.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the specific process of sowing the seeds of the preset variety of the restoration vegetation according to the soil salinity content according to the preset amount includes:
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 2-3 per mill, 8-10 g/m 2 The sowing amount of the sowing seeds is one or more of perennial alfalfa, fructus cnidii, limonium bicolor, ryegrass and pennisetum alopecuroides;
if the soil salinity content of the saline-alkali soil is more than 3 per thousand and less than 5 per thousand, the content is 8-10 g/m 2 The seeding amount of the seed is one or more of cnidium fruit, bicolor limonium, pennisetum alopecuroides, ryegrass and suaeda glauca;
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 per thousand, 8-10 g/m 2 The seeding amount of the seed is one or more of fructus cnidii, limonium bicolor and suaeda glauca.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil further comprises:
determining the main wind direction of the saline-alkali soil, and laying a vegetation recovery strip of the saline-alkali soil in a direction perpendicular to the main wind direction on the saline-alkali soil;
soaking for a preset time according to the type of the seeds of the repairing vegetation before sowing, and covering a sowing area by using a felt as the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material after sowing;
paving water-saving sprinkling irrigation zones among the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the water-saving sprinkling irrigation zones are communicated with the water collecting barrel and are used for sprinkling irrigation on the seeding area in dry seasons;
after the repairing vegetation dies in the current year, the straw and the litter are used as nutrient substances of the saline-alkali soil, and the seeds of the repairing vegetation fall to the original position or realize the natural growth of the next year under the condition of keeping the roots and stems of the plants.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: realize the rainwater equilibrium in rainy season and dry season through water saving equipment, the rainy season catchments and prevents that the rainfall is too big to erode soil, and the dry season utilizes the rainy season catchments to irrigate, solves the problem that fresh water resources lacks, and in addition, utilizes native restoration vegetation to sow and forms saline and alkaline land vegetation and resume the strip, has ensured the stable germination and the growth of restoration vegetation, has realized the vegetation of saline and alkaline land and has resumeed fast.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rainwater collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water collecting tank and a movable fixed vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the drawings, the correspondence between each component and the reference numeral is:
11. a water collecting sector; 12. a horizontal draft tube; 13. a vertical fixing frame; 14. a sector adjusting bracket; 15. a multi-gear adjusting chute; 16. a slider; 17. a moving wheel; 18. a movable fixed leg; 19. a water collection barrel; 20. the fixed car can move.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water saving device for rapidly restoring vegetation in saline-alkali soil provided by the invention comprises: a rainwater collection device, a water collection barrel 19 and a movable fixed vehicle 20;
the rainwater collecting device is arranged between vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, the water collecting barrel 19 is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices and used for storing rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices, and the water collecting barrel 19 is fixed on the movable fixed vehicle 20 so as to move the position;
the rainwater collecting device comprises a water collecting sector 11, a horizontal flow guide pipe 12 and a vertical fixing frame 13, the water collecting sector 11 is fixed on the vertical fixing frame 13 according to a preset angle, the extended water collecting sector 11 is used for collecting rainwater, the horizontal flow guide pipe 12 is arranged at the bottom of an inclined plane of the water collecting sector 11 and the top of the vertical fixing frame 13, and the horizontal flow guide pipe 12 conveys the received rainwater to a water collecting barrel 19 through a hose.
In this embodiment, through the rainwater of water saving fixtures realization rainy season and dry season balanced, the rainy season catchments and prevents that the rainfall from excessively washout soil, and the dry season utilizes the rainy season to catchment and irrigate, solves the fresh water resource and lacks the problem, in addition, utilizes native restoration vegetation to sow and forms saline and alkaline land vegetation and resumes the strip, has ensured the stable germination and the growth of restoration vegetation, has realized the vegetation of saline and alkaline land and has resumeed fast.
Specifically, in rainy season, the water collecting sector 11 on the vertical fixing frame 13 is fixed according to a certain angle, the extended sector is used for receiving rainwater, the rainwater is guided to the water collecting barrel 19 through the horizontal flow guide pipe 12 at the bottom of the inclined plane of the water collecting sector 11, and the saline-alkali land vegetation recovery strip is irrigated when the rainwater is left in dry season. Meanwhile, due to the water collecting effect of the water collecting fan surfaces 11 in rainy seasons, the saline-alkali soil with weak water holding capacity can be prevented from being seriously washed by overlarge rainfall to further deteriorate the soil, meanwhile, the recovered vegetation can be irrigated through the water collecting barrel 19 in time when the saline-alkali soil with weak water holding capacity is in dry seasons, and the influence of fresh water resource shortage on vegetation recovery is reduced.
Preferably, the width of the vegetation recovery strips in the saline-alkali soil is 2.2-3.8 m, and the interval width of the vegetation recovery strips is 3-5 m. 3-4 rainwater collecting devices are arranged in parallel between vegetation recovery strips of each saline-alkali soil, the width of a water collecting sector 11 is 50-80 cm or is properly adjusted according to the distance, the height of a vertical fixing frame 13 is 1.5m at most, and a water collecting bucket 19 is arranged every 30-50 m.
The water collecting bucket 19 adopts a plastic thickened horizontal water storage tank or bucket and is placed on a movable fixed trolley 20, the movable fixed trolley 20 can be used for placing the water collecting bucket 19 and the like, but the water collecting bucket is not fixed, and the water collecting bucket 19 can be replaced when being aged. The movable fixed vehicle 20 can be fixed at a preset place when collecting water, and can be pushed and pulled manually or pulled by agricultural implements when moving, so that the movable fixed vehicle can be moved freely. The volume of the water collecting barrel 19 is 2 to 3 tons, the length is 2 to 2.3m, the width is 1.40 to 1.60m, and the height is 1.0 to 1.1m, so that the water collecting barrel is convenient to move and recycle.
The size of the movable fixed vehicle 20 is larger than that of the horizontal water storage tank or the horizontal water storage barrel, and 4 wheels of 20 cm-30 cm are arranged, so that the movable fixed vehicle is convenient to move. The long edge of the fixing groove of the movable fixing vehicle 20 is hollowed, only triangular iron or thick steel bars are arranged for fixing, two ends of the fixing groove are provided with openable doors, and the height of each openable door is half of the height of the horizontal water storage tank or the bucket.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the rainwater collecting device further includes a sector adjusting bracket 14, a multi-gear adjusting chute 15 is disposed on the vertical fixing frame 13, and a sliding block 16 capable of being fixed at multiple positions in the multi-gear adjusting chute 15 is disposed in the multi-gear adjusting chute 15;
the bottom end of the water collection sector 11 is hinged and fixed on the vertical fixing frame 13, the upper end of the sector adjusting support 14 is fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the water collection sector 11, and the lower end of the sector adjusting support 14 is fixed on the sliding block 16.
The extension angle of the water collection fan face 11 can be adjusted through the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove 15, the hinged position of the bottom end of the water collection fan face 11 and the vertical fixing frame 13, the hinged position of the upper end of the fan face adjusting support 14 and the water collection fan face 11 and the hinged position of the lower end of the fan face adjusting support 14 and the sliding block 16 serve as three vertexes of the triangular connecting structure, the length of one side of the triangular connecting structure is changed equivalently through adjustment of different gears of the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove 15, and the angle of the water collection fan face 11 relative to the vertical fixing frame 13 is adjusted through the mode. The water collecting sector 11 is extended in rainy season and put down in dry season or winter to prevent aging or damage.
In the above embodiment, the water collecting sector 11 may be made of light solar panel, light PVC plate, light stainless steel plate, or the like, and the maximum angle between the water collecting sector 11 and the vertical holder 13 is 135 °.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the multi-stage adjusting sliding groove 15 is an infinite adjusting sliding groove, and the sliding block 16 can be fixed at any position in the multi-stage adjusting sliding groove 15 to adjust the included angle of the water collecting fan 11 relative to the vertical fixing frame 13.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the horizontal guide pipe 12 is made of circular arc or semicircular PVC pipe, PCR pipe or stainless steel pipe, etc., the horizontal guide pipe 12 is disposed obliquely, the slope of the horizontal guide pipe 12 is set to be 2% to 5%, and the height of the water collection barrel 19 is lower than the horizontal guide pipe 12, so that the collected rainwater can flow into the water collection barrel 19 conveniently. The rainwater collected by the horizontal diversion pipe 12 is input into the water collection barrel 19 through a hose with the same caliber or a large caliber.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the bottom of the vertical fixing frame 13 is provided with a movable wheel 17 such as a universal wheel, a brake wheel and the like, wherein the universal wheel is of a type of polyurethane or the like, the size of which is larger than 5 inches, the side of the vertical fixing frame 13 is provided with a movable fixed leg 18, the movable fixed leg 18 is used for supporting the vertical fixing frame 13 in an upright state, and the movable wheel 17 is used for supporting the whole rainwater collection device to move.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which uses the water saving apparatus for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil disclosed in any one of the above embodiments, and comprises:
laying vegetation recovery strips in saline-alkali soil on the saline-alkali soil;
arranging rainwater collecting devices between the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, arranging a water collecting barrel 19 fixed on a movable fixed vehicle 20 between the rainwater collecting devices, and conveying rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices to the water collecting barrel 19 for storage;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) tidying surface soil layers of vegetation recovery strip areas of the saline-alkali soil, and sowing seeds of the restoration vegetation of preset types according to the salt content of the soil and preset amount;
after the sowing is finished, covering the sowing area with the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material until the seeds germinate and then recovering the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material, storing rainwater in rainy season by using the water collecting barrel 19, irrigating the restored vegetation by using the stored rainwater in dry season, and realizing the normal restoration of the restored vegetation.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the specific process of sowing the preset kinds of seeds of the vegetation restoration according to the soil salinity content in the preset amount comprises:
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 2-3 per mill, 8-10 g/m 2 The sowing quantity of the method is to sow one or more of perennial alfalfa, common cnidium fruit, limonium bicolor, ryegrass and pennisetum alopecuroides;
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is more than 3 per thousand and less than 5 per thousand, 8-10 g/m is adopted 2 The seeding amount of the seed is one or more of cnidium fruit, bicolor limonium, pennisetum alopecuroides, ryegrass and suaeda glauca;
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 per thousand, the soil salt content is 8-10 g/m 2 The seeding amount of the seed is one or more of fructus cnidii, limonium bicolor and suaeda glauca.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the method for rapidly restoring vegetation in saline-alkali soil further includes:
determining the main wind direction of the saline-alkali soil, and laying a saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery strip on the saline-alkali soil along the direction vertical to the main wind direction;
soaking for a preset time before sowing according to the type of the seeds of the repairing vegetation, and covering a sowing area by using a felt as a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material after sowing;
paving water-saving sprinkling irrigation zones among the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the water-saving sprinkling irrigation zones are communicated with a water collecting barrel 19 and carry out sprinkling irrigation on a seeding area through the water-saving sprinkling irrigation zones in dry seasons;
after the repairing vegetation dies in the current year, the straw and the litter are used as nutrient substances of the saline-alkali soil, and the seeds of the repairing vegetation drop to the original position or realize the natural growth of the next year under the condition of keeping the roots and stems of the plants.
Specifically, according to the method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil disclosed by the embodiment, the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
(1) The main wind direction of the saline-alkali soil is determined, the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil are arranged in the direction vertical to the main wind direction, seeds can be spread by effectively utilizing media such as wind, rain and the like, and resources such as manpower, material resources, financial resources and the like are saved by adopting a technology combining nature and semi-nature;
(2) In the middle and late ten days of 5 months to 6 months when the local temperature is relatively proper, the ground is required to be leveled preferentially, the saline-alkali soil is divided into a vegetation recovery strip area and a vegetation strip interval area, the bandwidth of the vegetation recovery strip is 2.2-3.8 m, and the interval of the vegetation recovery strip is 3-5 m;
(3) Arranging a rainwater collecting device between the vegetation recovery strips, wherein the included angle between a water collecting sector 11 and a vertical fixing frame 13 is maximally 135 degrees, the sector is 50-80 cm wide or the width is adjusted according to the distance, a horizontal guide pipe 12 is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting sector 11, the vertical fixing frame 13 is arranged below the horizontal guide pipe 12, the upper end of the vertical fixing frame 13 is fixed with the horizontal guide pipe 12, the lower end of the vertical fixing frame is provided with a moving wheel 17, two movable fixing support legs 18 capable of rotating up and down are arranged at two sides of the rainwater collecting device and each vertical fixing frame 13, the rainwater collecting device is used for fixing the rainwater, and the movable fixing support legs 18 are screwed up during movement, so that the device can move conveniently;
(4) The setting gradient of the horizontal guide pipe 12 is 2% -5%, the collected rainwater can flow horizontally, the maximum of the vertical fixing support is 1.5m, and a water collecting barrel 19 is arranged at every 30m or 50 m. Rainwater collecting devices are arranged on two sides of the water collecting barrel 19, a same-caliber or large-caliber hose is adopted to connect the horizontal flow guide pipe 12 and the water collecting barrel 19, and 3-4 rainwater collecting devices are arranged in parallel between each vegetation recovery strip;
(5) The water collecting fan surface 11 can move up and down, and is provided with a multi-gear adjusting sliding chute 15 which can adjust different angles of the water collecting fan surface 11;
(6) The water collecting barrel 19 adopts a plastic thickened horizontal water storage tank or barrel and is placed on the movable fixed vehicle 20;
(7) The size of the movable fixed vehicle 20 is larger than that of the horizontal water storage tank or barrel, and 4 wheels of 20 cm-30 cm are arranged, so that the movable fixed vehicle is convenient to move;
(8) Aiming at vegetation recovery strip zones, a surface soil layer with the surface of 5-10 cm is subjected to scarification, crushing and raking, soil oxygen content, moisture and the like are changed, soil permeability is improved, a microenvironment of the surface of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and operations such as scarification and the like on the surface soil are not required in the vegetation strip interval zones;
(9) In the vegetation recovery strip area, in order to ensure that saline-alkali soil plants can germinate and grow and ensure that the total plant coverage of the soil ground reaches more than 50 percent, the sowing amount of the recovered vegetation seeds is about 8 to 10g/m 2 Or the seeding amount is properly adjusted according to the seed weight and germination percentage experiment, vegetation seeds suitable for the growth of saline-alkali soil, such as one or more of common cnidium fruit, limonium bicolor, apocynum venetum, suaeda glauca, ryegrass, pennisetum alopecuroides, perennial alfalfa and other plant seeds suitable for the planting of saline-alkali soil, the germination percentage experiment is carried out before the sowing precondition, and the germination percentage of the used seeds is ensured to reach more than 90%;
(10) Some seeds for repairing vegetation need to be soaked and then sown, for example, the seeds are soaked for 8 to 12 hours before the seeds are sown, the seeds are soaked for 4 to 6 hours in suaeda glauca, and the like, after slight airing, the seeds are sown by doping fine soil, and vegetation strips are sown in vegetation strip areas, wherein the width of the vegetation strips is 2.2 to 3.8m;
(11) After the seeds are broadcast in the vegetation recovery strip area, the seeds are raked by the fine teeth for shallow raking, so that the seeds fall into surface soil, and then are slightly compacted, the capability of retaining the vegetation seeds by the soil is improved, and the vegetation recovery strip area is covered with a black-core cotton felt with the width of 2.5-4 m and the weight of 150-200 g/m or a material with the same performance as the black-core cotton felt, so that the in-situ cultivation condition of the plant seeds in the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved;
(12) When materials such as felts and the like are covered, a little soil is attached to the materials or wood, plastic or metal ground swabs which can be recycled are inserted at the periphery of the materials, the materials are prevented from being lifted up by wind or washed away by torrential rain, a water-saving sprinkling irrigation belt (micro-sprinkling belt) is laid in the middle of a vegetation recovery strip, water is saved for irrigation and covering material pressing, water is supplemented in time, the soil microenvironment of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively changed, soil hardening after drought and torrential rain can be effectively prevented and controlled, seeds are stabilized, excessive migration of the seeds is prevented, and germination and cultivation of the seeds are facilitated; the materials such as the felt and the like have good toughness, tearing resistance, good water permeability, excellent water retention and good moisture retention effect, can effectively prevent soil moisture from excessively evaporating, can also play roles in heat preservation, cold resistance and drought resistance in extreme weather, can effectively improve the soil microenvironment of the saline-alkali soil, and effectively protect the germination of vegetation seeds in the saline-alkali soil; the materials with good fixability and toughness, such as light felts and the like, can be recycled, and the defects of easy withering, poor heat preservation, poor water retention, easy decay, difficult clearing in the later covering period, influence on the germination of vegetation seeds and the like existing in the covering modes of grass straws or crop straws and the like can be effectively avoided;
(13) Properly adjusting the covering time according to the germination condition of the seeds in the saline-alkali soil, covering materials such as felts and the like for the seeds such as common cnidium fruit and the like with longer soaking time for about 25 to 30 days, and performing sprinkler irrigation once by using a water-saving sprinkler irrigation belt every 7 to 10 days during the covering period and non-rainfall days for 1 to 2 hours; in rainy days, the sprinkling irrigation time interval is properly prolonged;
(14) After the covering period, the covering material such as felt is recovered for the next use. Plant seeds are naturally germinated and grown, water is properly supplemented by using the water-saving sprinkling irrigation belt in a drought season, and fresh water resources are not supplemented any more when the plant seeds enter a rainy season after the plant seeds grow, so that the germination and growth of the seeds in the natural evolution process are accelerated by the mode;
(15) The method comprises the following steps of collecting partial seeds in the mature season of some plant seeds such as fructus cnidii and the like for restoring vegetation in saline-alkali soil in other places, and leaving most of the seeds or all roots and stems on plants, wherein the seeds are allowed to fall off in situ naturally or are scattered to a vegetation interval zone by means of wind, rain and other media, so that precious vegetation seed resources are provided for the saline-alkali soil in the next year, the seeds or the roots and the like of the vegetation in the next year are allowed to grow according to the natural law, and the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil is restored in a natural state;
(16) The straws, litter and the like of the vegetation in the current year follow the natural law, and the straws, the litter and the like are naturally transformed to supplement nutrient substances for the saline-alkali soil and provide nutrition for the growth of the vegetation in the next year. The alfalfa planted can also be used as green manure of saline-alkali soil, and provides nutrient substances for the saline-alkali soil.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water-saving device for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising: the rainwater collecting device, the water collecting barrel and the movable fixed vehicle;
the rainwater collecting device is arranged between vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, the water collecting bucket is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices and used for storing rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices, and the water collecting bucket is fixed on the movable fixed vehicle so as to move the position;
the rainwater collecting device comprises a water collecting sector, a horizontal guide pipe and a vertical fixing frame, wherein the water collecting sector is fixed on the vertical fixing frame according to a preset angle, the water collecting sector extends out and is used for collecting rainwater, the horizontal guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of an inclined plane of the water collecting sector and the top of the vertical fixing frame, and the horizontal guide pipe conveys the received rainwater into the water collecting barrel through a hose.
2. The water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater collecting device further comprises a sector adjusting bracket, the vertical fixing frame is provided with a multi-gear adjusting chute, and a sliding block which can be fixed at multiple positions in the multi-gear adjusting chute is arranged in the multi-gear adjusting chute;
the bottom end of the water collecting sector is hinged and fixed on the vertical fixing frame, the upper end of the sector adjusting support is fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the water collecting sector, and the lower end of the sector adjusting support is fixed on the sliding block.
3. The water saving equipment for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove adopts a stepless adjusting type sliding groove, and the sliding block can be fixed at any position in the multi-gear adjusting sliding groove to adjust an included angle of the water collecting sector relative to the vertical fixing frame.
4. The water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the water collecting sector is made of a light solar plate, a light PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plate or a light stainless steel plate, and the maximum included angle between the water collecting sector and the vertical fixing frame is 135 degrees.
5. The water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal flow guide pipe is a circular arc or semicircular PVC pipe, a PCR pipe or a stainless steel pipe, the horizontal flow guide pipe is arranged in an inclined manner, and the gradient of the horizontal flow guide pipe is set to be 2-5%.
6. The water saving equipment for saline-alkali soil vegetation rapid recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein a moving wheel is arranged at the bottom of the vertical fixing frame, a movable fixed supporting leg is arranged at the side part of the vertical fixing frame, the movable fixed supporting leg is used for supporting the vertical fixing frame to be in an upright state, and the moving wheel is used for supporting the whole rainwater collecting device to realize movement.
7. The water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the water collecting barrel is arranged between the rainwater collecting devices every 30-50 meters, the height of the vertical fixing frame is not more than 1.5 meters, and the height of the water collecting barrel is lower than that of the horizontal flow guide pipe.
8. A method for rapidly recovering vegetation on saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the water-saving equipment for rapidly recovering the vegetation on the saline-alkali soil, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is utilized, and comprises the following steps:
laying vegetation recovery strips in the saline-alkali land;
arranging rainwater collecting devices between the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, arranging water collecting buckets fixed on a movable fixed vehicle between the rainwater collecting devices, and conveying rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting devices to the water collecting buckets for storage;
the surface soil layer of the saline-alkali land vegetation recovery strip area is cleared up, and seeds of the preset types of the vegetation for repairing are sown according to the soil salinity content and the preset amount;
after the seeding is finished, covering a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material on the seeding area until seeds germinate and then recovering the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation material, utilizing the water collecting barrel to store rainwater in rainy seasons, utilizing the stored rainwater in dry seasons to irrigate the repairing vegetation and realizing the normal recovery of the repairing vegetation.
9. The method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 8, wherein the specific process of sowing the seeds of the vegetation for repairing in a preset amount according to the salt content of the soil comprises the following steps:
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 2-3 per mill, 8-10 g/m 2 The sowing quantity of the method is to sow one or more of perennial alfalfa, common cnidium fruit, limonium bicolor, ryegrass and pennisetum alopecuroides;
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is more than 3 per thousand and less than 5 per thousand, 8-10 g/m is adopted 2 The seeding amount of the seed is one or more of cnidium fruit, limonium bicolor, pennisetum alopecuroides, ryegrass and suaeda glauca;
if the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 per thousand, 8-10 g/m 2 The seeding rate of the seed is one or more of fructus cnidii, limonium bicolor and suaeda glaucaAnd (4) seed selection.
10. The method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising:
determining the main wind direction of the saline-alkali soil, and arranging vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil on the saline-alkali soil along the direction vertical to the main wind direction;
soaking for a preset time according to the seed type of the repairing vegetation before sowing, and covering a sowing area by using felts as the heat-insulating and moisture-preserving materials after sowing;
paving water-saving sprinkling irrigation belts among the vegetation recovery strips of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the water-saving sprinkling irrigation belts are communicated with the water collecting barrel and irrigate the seeding area through the water-saving sprinkling irrigation belts in dry seasons;
after the repairing vegetation is dead in the current year, straws and litter are used as nutrient substances of the saline-alkali soil, and seeds of the repairing vegetation drop to the original position or realize the natural growth in the next year under the condition of keeping the roots and stems of the plants.
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| CN111528061A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江果岚农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation device for saline-alkali soil |
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| CN217232045U (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-08-19 | 董思来 | Landscape garden rainwater collection device |
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- 2022-08-19 CN CN202210999295.2A patent/CN115288236A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101233647B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-02-15 | 정길수 | Ecology retaining wall structure with water suppling apparatus |
| CN107318447A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The tall shrub implantation methods of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation |
| CN111528061A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江果岚农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation device for saline-alkali soil |
| CN113875484A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Halophyte planting method for high-water-level heavy saline-alkali soil in arid region |
| CN217232045U (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-08-19 | 董思来 | Landscape garden rainwater collection device |
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