CN115282202A - 一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药及其应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药及其应用。本发明的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:柴胡、白芍、当归、陈皮、炙甘草、桃仁8‑16份、桂枝10‑20份、茯苓20‑40、大黄3‑9份、海藻20‑40份、昆布20‑40份、海蛤粉20‑40份、海螵蛸20‑40份、陈皮5‑15份。本发明的中药具有疏肝解郁、活血祛瘀、软坚散结、温阳利水的功效,用于治疗腺性膀胱炎导致的尿频、尿急、尿不尽、小腹不适,并且恢复膀胱粘膜,消除病人症状,取得了标本同治的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药及其应用。
背景技术
腺性膀胱炎是一种膀胱粘膜增殖性、化生性病变,其病因及其生物学意义目前尚未完全明确。目前研究主要认为该病与尿路慢性感染、尿路梗阻、雌激素下降、精神因素、变态反应、维生素缺乏、多产、多次流产有关。患有本病的人一般出现尿频、尿急、尿不尽、小腹不适等症状,同时膀胱镜发现膀胱三角区滤泡样增生,病理可见Brunn巢、腺体细胞和炎症细胞浸润。临床上诊断此病,需要膀胱镜活检,并最终病理确诊。在临床上西医对于本病的治疗临床上一般采用电切镜电切加化疗药物灌注,电切的目的是切除病变组织,化疗药物主要是预防复发及癌变,对本病的治疗时机和方式存在很多争议。电切只是切除的病变组织,没有从根本上解决导致本病的原因,单纯电切后也有很高的复发率。化疗药物的灌注同样没有解决本病的病因,且化疗药物本身会导致膀胱其它部位粘膜的化学性炎症,导致化学性膀胱炎,临床观察经过膀胱灌注的病人下尿路刺激症状更加严重。我国最新的腺性膀胱炎诊疗指南对于低危患者已经不推荐电切治疗,高危患者推荐电切但不推荐术后灌注。低危患者不推荐电切,用保守药物一般是M受体阻断剂如酒石酸托特罗定片、琥珀酸索利那新片等药物,这些药物只是临时抑制膀胱收缩,不能消除膀胱病变。
文献孙洪福,王卫东,桃核承气汤治疗腺性膀胱炎模型大鼠的实验研究,山东中医杂志2013年1月第32卷第1期公开了桃核承气汤(处方:桃仁15g,大黄10g,芒硝3g,桂枝6g,炙甘草10g)灌注,腺性膀胱炎模型大鼠膀胱组织病理学变化明显好于生理盐水组和左氧氟沙星组,大鼠膀胱粘膜组织变化各组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。提示桃核承气汤对大鼠腺性膀胱炎膀胱粘膜有一定的修复作用。发明人在临床治疗实践过程中,也发现单纯运用桃核承气汤治疗腺性膀胱炎病人有一定疗效,也能对病人腺性膀胱炎所致的病理损害起到一定修复作用,因此可作为腺性膀胱炎的基础方进行应用。但桃核承气汤主要针对血瘀,对情感不敏感的动物(比如实验动物大鼠)来讲疗效较好,作为情感属性很强的人类来讲,其临床疗效不够理想,具体表现在:单纯用桃核承气汤治疗能够缓解病人的尿频、尿急及小腹部不适等症状,但不能缓解病人的心理抑郁,且疗程比较长。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明提供了一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药及应用。该中药具有疏肝解郁、活血祛瘀、软坚散结、温阳利水的功效,用于治疗腺性膀胱炎导致的尿频、尿急、尿不尽、小腹不适,并且可消除膀胱的滤泡增生,恢复膀胱粘膜,具有见效快、疗程短、安全可靠的优点。
本发明是通过下述的技术方案来实现的:
一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡10-20份、白芍20-40份、当归10-20份,陈皮5-15份,桃仁8-16份、大黄3-9份、芒硝10-20份、昆布20-40份、海蛤粉20-40份、海螵蛸20-40份、桂枝10-20份、茯苓20-40份、炙甘草10-20份。
优选的,上述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡13-17份、白芍25-35份、当归13-17份,陈皮7-11份,桃仁10-14份、大黄5-7份、芒硝13-17份、昆布25-35份、海蛤粉25-35份、海螵蛸25-35份、桂枝13-17份、茯苓25-35份、炙甘草13-17份。
更优选的,上述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡15份、白芍30份、当归15份,陈皮9份,桃仁12份、大黄6份、芒硝15份、昆布30份、海蛤粉30份、海螵蛸30份、桂枝15份、茯苓30份、炙甘草15份。
或者,更优选的,上述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:柴胡10份、白芍40份、当归10份、陈皮15份、桃仁8份、大黄9份、芒硝10份、昆布40份、海蛤粉20份、海螵蛸40份、桂枝20份、茯苓40份、炙甘草10份。
或者,更优选的,上述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:柴胡20份、白芍20份、当归20份、陈皮5份、桃仁6份、大黄3份、芒硝20份、昆布20份、海蛤粉40份、海螵蛸20份、桂枝10份、茯苓20份、炙甘草20份。
上述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药在制备治疗腺性膀胱炎药物中的应用。
本发明的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药原料药中,各味药物均为中国药典2020年版或中华本草记载的中药。
本发明的中药,具有疏肝解郁、活血祛瘀、软坚散结、温阳利水的功效,用于腺性膀胱炎导致的尿频、尿急、尿不尽、小腹不适等症状,不但能消除症状,而且能修复膀胱粘膜。
根据腺性膀胱炎的症状,本病当属于祖国医学“淋证”的范畴。祖国医学将“淋证”细分为气淋、血淋、劳淋、膏淋、石淋,认为其主要病机是肾虚、膀胱热,一般采用清热通淋、补肾的方法来治疗本病,发明人经过多年临床发现,运用清热通淋、补肾的方法治疗本病疗效不佳,不但不能恢复膀胱粘膜的正常形态,其临床症状也不能消除。
发明人曾做过动物实验研究本病的病因,并且通过实验观察中药对腺性膀胱炎大鼠模型的疗效。发现桃核承气汤对大鼠腺性膀胱炎膀胱粘膜有一定的修复作用。核桃承气汤的处方为:桃仁15g,大黄10g,芒硝3g,桂枝6g,炙甘草10g。但是临床中发现,单纯用桃核承气汤治疗能够缓解病人的尿频、尿急及小腹部不适等症状,但不能缓解病人的心理抑郁,且疗程比较长,经过思考得出如下想法:桃核承气汤主要针对血瘀,对情感不敏感的动物来讲,疗效较好,作为情感属性很强的人类来讲,需要考虑到病人的心理属性,本病大部分病人因尿路症状导致抑郁表现或者因抑郁而导致本病,因此加用疏肝解郁药物缓解病人情绪或者针对病因作进一步完善处方。同时,本病一般病程比较长,膀胱粘膜滤泡增生明显,软坚散结的药物和活血化瘀药物协同,增强消除膀胱粘膜滤泡的效力,且软坚散结的药物一般味咸入肾,膀胱与肾相表里,因此软坚散结的药物既具有本身的药力,又具有引经作用。加用温阳利水药物,进一步改善患者尿路症状。经过临床观察,疗效大幅度提高,故本处方是在动物实验的基础上进一步完善,且经得起临床验证。
发明在多年临床中发现,观察到本病患者多为中年女性且病程较长,这一类患者本身情绪抑郁或者由于疾病导致继发情绪抑郁;并且祖国医学认为小腹部位是肝经循行的部位,因此需要采用疏肝解郁的方法来治疗;同时由于本病患者病程一般比较长,祖国医学有“久病多瘀”“久病入络”之说,因此应当用活血祛瘀的办法来治疗;从膀胱镜观察及病理来看,本病会导致膀胱粘膜Brunn巢、腺体细胞和炎症细胞浸润,要消除这些异常的组织恢复正常膀胱粘膜,需要采用软坚散结的药物来治疗;本病的病变部位在膀胱,祖国医学认为“膀胱者,州都之官,津液藏焉,气化则能出矣”,其主要功能在于储藏津液,并且通过气化的功能将津液排出体外,因此需要用促进膀胱气化的药物。因此治疗本病需要采用疏肝解郁、活血化瘀、软坚散结、温阳利水的方法。方中柴胡苦辛微寒,疏肝解郁,使肝气得以条达;白芍酸苦微寒,养血敛阴,柔肝缓急;当归甘辛苦温,养血和血,且气香可理气,为血中之气药;归、芍与柴胡同用,补肝体而和肝用,使血和则肝和,血充则肝柔,共同起到疏肝、柔肝、敛肝的功效;桃仁苦甘平,活血破瘀;大黄苦寒,开气破血,下瘀泄热,两者配伍,桃仁能引大黄之力专入血分以破血,瘀热并治;芒硝咸寒,泻热软坚,助大黄行瘀泄热;昆布咸寒,有软坚散结、消痰、利水之功能;海蛤粉苦咸寒,清热、利水、化痰、软坚;昆布和海蛤粉共同的软坚散结功效消除粘膜增生,并且能清热利尿,消除小便不畅快的症状;海螵蛸咸涩温,具有收敛止血、涩精止带、制酸止痛、收湿敛疮的功效,能够促进膀胱粘膜创面的恢复;桂枝甘淡辛温,通行血脉,既助桃仁活血祛瘀,又能促进膀胱气化功能,又可防止芒硝、大黄寒凉凝血之弊;茯苓甘淡平,健脾利湿,和桂枝相合可以达到温阳利水的功效;桂枝与硝、黄合用,相反相成,桂枝得硝、黄则温通而不助热,硝、黄得桂枝则寒下又不凉遏;陈皮苦辛温,理气健脾,燥湿化痰,健脾消食,促进药物的吸收;炙甘草甘温,护胃安中,缓和芒硝、大黄等药物的峻攻之性。上述药物共同作用,消除患者小腹不适症状,恢复排尿异常,改善膀胱微循环,促进粘膜修复。
本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明提供了一种新的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,满足了临床需要。该中药组方在传统的核桃承气汤的基础上进行了改进,加入了柴胡、白芍、当归、陈皮、昆布、海蛤粉、海螵蛸、茯苓,目的是:修复病变的膀胱粘膜,消除病人症状,根除本病的病因。取得了标本同治的疗效。
(2)通过临床观察治疗前后的主观症状变化、膀胱镜的检查、量化指标(包括:观察治疗前后两组患者的OABSS评分、平均尿流量、最大尿流量、最大尿道压及生活质量评分),这些指标都有明显改善,证明采用疏肝解郁、活血化瘀、软坚散结、温阳利水的治疗原则治疗腺性膀胱炎有较好的临床疗效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明,以便本领域的技术人员更了解本发明,但并不因此限制本发明。
实施例1一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,处方如下:
柴胡15g、白芍30g、当归15g、陈皮9g、桃仁12g、大黄6g、芒硝15g、昆布30g、海蛤粉30g、海螵蛸30g、桂枝15g、茯苓30g、炙甘草15g。
使用方法:按照处方量称取药材,其中芒硝单独包出,其余药物加水250ml,浸泡1小时后,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,倒出药液,再加开水约200ml,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,两次的药液混在一起,最后将芒硝溶入。早晚各一半,饭后1小时服用。7天为一个疗程。8个疗程后观察治疗结果。忌辛辣生冷饮食。
实施例2一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,处方如下:
柴胡13g、白芍25g、当归17g、陈皮11g、桃仁10g、大黄5g、芒硝13g、昆布25g、海蛤粉35g、海螵蛸25g、桂枝17g、茯苓35g、炙甘草17g。
使用方法同实施例1。
实施例3一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,处方如下:
柴胡17g、白芍35g、当归13g、陈皮7g、桃仁14g、大黄7g、芒硝17g、昆布35g、海蛤粉25g、海螵蛸35g、桂枝13g、茯苓25g、炙甘草13g。
使用方法同实施例1。
实施例4一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,处方如下:
柴胡10g、白芍40g、当归10g、陈皮15g、桃仁8g、大黄9g、芒硝10g、昆布40g、海蛤粉20g、海螵蛸40g、桂枝20g、茯苓40g、炙甘草10g。
使用方法同实施例1。
实施例5一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,处方如下:
柴胡20g、白芍20g、当归20g、陈皮5g、桃仁6g、大黄3g、芒硝20g、昆布20g、海蛤粉40g、海螵蛸20g、桂枝10g、茯苓20g、炙甘草20g。
使用方法同实施例1。
对实施例1的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药(临床资料中称之为加味桃核承气汤)进行了临床试验,详情如下:
1.临床资料
1.1一般资料
选取2017年6月-2019年6月收治的腺性膀胱炎患者共62例,按照随机数字表法分为桃核承气汤组和加味桃核承气汤组,男14例,女48例;年龄27~68岁,平均(44.26±6.16)岁;病程5~70个月,平均(24.16±3.85)个月。其中桃核承气汤30例,男6例,女24例,为对照组;年龄27在~68岁,平均(45.03±5.87)岁;病程5~70个月,平均(23.16±3.85)个月。治疗组32例,男8例,女24例;年龄28~66岁,平均(43.94±5.96);病程6~68个月,平均(25.17±3.62)个月。两组病例的性别、年龄、病程等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2诊断标准
所有患者均具有尿频、尿急、尿不尽、小腹不适等下尿路刺激症状,应用抗炎药物无效,且经膀胱镜活检的膀胱粘膜病理标本检查确诊。
2治疗方法
2.1桃核承气汤组按照桃核承气汤原方剂量(桃仁15g,大黄10g,芒硝3g,桂枝6g,炙甘草10g,),芒硝单独包出,其余药物加水250ml,浸泡1小时后,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,倒出药液,再加开水约200ml,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,两次的药液混在一起,最后将芒硝溶入。早晚各一半,饭后1小时服用。7天为一个疗程。8个疗程后观察治疗结果。
2.2加味桃核承气汤组药物组成为:柴胡15g、白芍30g、当归15g,陈皮9g、桃仁15g、大黄10g、芒硝6g、昆布30g、海蛤粉30g、海螵蛸30g、桂枝15g、茯苓30g、炙甘草15g。芒硝单独包出,其余药物加水250ml,浸泡1小时后,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,倒出药液,再加开水约200ml,大火烧开,小火熬制20分钟,两次的药液混在一起,最后将芒硝溶入。早晚各一半,饭后1小时服用。7天为一个疗程。8个疗程后观察治疗结果。
2.3观察指标
治疗完成后3个月,进行各项指标观察。包括治疗前后的主观症状变化、膀胱镜的检查、量化指标(包括:观察治疗前后两组患者的OABSS评分、平均尿流量、最大尿流量、最大尿道压及生活质量评分),并进行比较。
国际尿控协会规定:尿频、尿急、急迫性尿失禁等症候群统称为膀胱过度活动症(OAB)。OABSS是OAB的症状评分,从白天的排尿次数、夜间的排尿次数、尿急、尿失禁四个方面进行评分,是判断下尿路症状的量化指标。OABSS总分为15分,分数越高说明症状越重,按照总分可划分成轻中重3种,3≤分数≤5为轻度;6≤分数≤11为中度;分数≥12为重度。OABSS量表内容包含以下4个症状相关的问题:(1)白天排尿次数评分:晨起床到晚上入睡的时间内,小便次数≤7次记为0分;8~14次记为1分;≥15次记为2分。(2)夜尿次数评分:入睡到早晨起床时间内,小便起床的次数=0记为0分;=1记为1分;≥2记为2分。(3)尿急次数评分:有突然想要小便,同时难以忍受的现象=0记为0分;每周<1次记为1分;每周≥1次记为2分;每日≤1次记为3分;每日2~4次记为4分;每日≥5记为5分。(4)急迫性尿失禁次数评分:有突然想要小便,同时无法忍受并出现尿失禁的现象,0次记为0分;每周<1次为1分;每周≥1次记为2分;每日≤1次记为3分;每日2~4次记为4分;每日≥5次记为5分。我们借助这个评分标准判断腺性膀胱炎患者治疗效果。尿频、尿急症状明显减轻提示为好转,膀胱刺激症状消失、夜尿次数明显减少提示为治愈;治疗后症状无明显变化提示为无效。最大尿流量、平均尿流量、最大尿道压是尿流动力性学指标,可以客观判断患者排尿通畅程度。采用QOL(生活质量评分)SF-36系统,判断患者的生理功能和心理功能。QOL是一个主观概念,包含社会、精神心理、职业和躯体各方面的满足,通过生理功能评分和心理功能评分,判断患者目前的健康状况与期望的健康状况之间的差距。
2.4统计学处理采取SPSS18.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用x±s表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
3疗效评定标准与结果
3.1疗效评定标准
治疗完成后3个月行膀胱镜1次,并询问症状。参照患者情况行膀胱粘膜组织活检。临床治愈:症状完全消失,膀胱镜示膀胱粘膜正常;有效:症状显著改善,膀胱镜示膀胱粘膜基本正常或少许病灶粘膜散布;无效:症状无显著变化甚或加重,膀胱镜示膀胱粘膜仍为病灶样改变,或病理仍为Brunn巢、腺体细胞和炎症细胞浸润。总有效=临床治愈+有效。
治疗组总有效率(81.3%)明显高于对照组(33.4%)(P<0.05)。结果见表1。
表1两组临床疗效比较
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无效 | 总有效 |
桃核承气汤组 | 30 | 2(6.7%) | 8(26.7%) | 20(66.7%) | 33.4% |
加味桃核承气汤组 | 32 | 20(62.5%) | 6(18.8%) | 6(18.8%) | 81.3%△ |
注:与对照组比较,△P<0.05
3.2两组OABSS比较(结果见表2)
表2两组OABSS比较
与同组治疗前比较*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较△P<0.05
3.3两组尿动力学水平比较(结果见表3)
两组治疗后最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大尿道压改善明显优于治疗前(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大尿道压改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。本表说明,采用本制剂患者下尿路症状(尿频、尿急、尿不尽、急迫性尿失禁)改善明显,本实验为疗效判定提供了客观指标。
表3两组患者尿流动力学比较(x±s)
注:与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.01与;对照组比较△P<0.05
3.4治疗后两组生活质量评分比较(结果见表4)
两组治疗后生理功能评分、心理评分明显优于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后生理功能评分、心理评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。
表4治疗后两组生活治疗评分
注:与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组比较△P<0.05
3.5安全性指标观察本临床观察治疗前后两组患者一般体检项目、血尿粪常规检查、心功能检查等均无明显变化。观察期间,两组在本临床观察期间未出现严重不良事件。经t检验,两组治疗前后肝肾功能及血常规相关指标均无显著差异,P>O.05,提示两组用药期间对肝肾功能及血象均无明显影响。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,其特征在于,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡10-20份、白芍20-40份、当归10-20份、陈皮5-15份、桃仁8-16份、大黄3-9份、芒硝10-20份、昆布20-40份、海蛤粉20-40份、海螵蛸20-40份、桂枝10-20份、茯苓20-40份、炙甘草10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,其特征在于,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡13-17份、白芍25-35份、当归13-17份、陈皮7-11份、桃仁10-14份、大黄5-7份、芒硝13-17份、昆布25-35份、海蛤粉25-35份、海螵蛸25-35份、桂枝13-17份、茯苓25-35份、炙甘草13-17份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,其特征在于,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡15份、白芍30份、当归15份、陈皮9份、桃仁12份、大黄6份、芒硝15份、昆布30份、海蛤粉30份、海螵蛸30份、桂枝15份、茯苓30份、炙甘草15份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,其特征在于,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡10份、白芍40份、当归10份、陈皮15份、桃仁8份、大黄9份、芒硝10份、昆布40份、海蛤粉20份、海螵蛸40份、桂枝20份、茯苓40份、炙甘草10份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药,其特征在于,由如下重量份的中药原料药组成:
柴胡20份、白芍20份、当归20份、陈皮5份、桃仁6份、大黄3份、芒硝20份、昆布20份、海蛤粉40份、海螵蛸20份、桂枝10份、茯苓20份、炙甘草20份。
6.根据权利要求1-6任一权利要求所述的治疗腺性膀胱炎的中药在制备治疗腺性膀胱炎药物中的应用。
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孙洪福;王卫东;: "桃核承气汤治疗腺性膀胱炎模型大鼠的实验研究" * |
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