CN115263390A - Safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop forming of underground excavation station of subway - Google Patents
Safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop forming of underground excavation station of subway Download PDFInfo
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- CN115263390A CN115263390A CN202210906413.0A CN202210906413A CN115263390A CN 115263390 A CN115263390 A CN 115263390A CN 202210906413 A CN202210906413 A CN 202210906413A CN 115263390 A CN115263390 A CN 115263390A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
Abstract
The invention provides a safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping of a subway underground excavated station, and belongs to the technical field of subway construction. Before the station is excavated, a drilling machine is used for drilling downwards from the ground to a position below the designed excavation contour line of the station, then an anchor rope with a sleeve is placed in the hole, and anchoring mortar is filled in the hole to complete the construction of the anchor rope. Advancing pilot tunnel excavation and advancing a certain distance, exposing the lower end of the anchor rope, connecting the lower end of the anchor rope with the arc-shaped joist and the longitudinal beam, closing the arch top in the tunnel to form a ring, tensioning the anchor rope from the ground to apply prestress, and controlling the potentially unstable surrounding rock mass of the arch part by utilizing a stratum macro-stable structure. The invention greatly improves the stability of surrounding rock at the arch part of the tunnel and the safety of tunnel construction, creates conditions for adopting large blocks, large footage and mechanization, liberates the construction force in the tunnel, solves the problem of conflict between the safety and the efficiency of the underground excavation station, and can be popularized to various stratums.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of subway construction, in particular to a safe and rapid construction method for underground excavation of a subway station by ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping.
Background
The underground excavation station of the subway belongs to a typical 'shallow-buried and large-span' tunnel project, and has higher requirements on project safety because the construction is in a dense urban building area. Such projects tend to have a greater risk, particularly in the presence of buried unstable masses in the tunnel arches. The construction of short anchor cables (anchor rods) is difficult to penetrate potential dangerous blocks in surrounding rocks, and the expected supporting effect cannot be achieved. In order to deal with the risks, long anchor rods or anchor cables are used as an effective method in principle, but the block construction of the long-span tunnel generally does not have the space required by the construction of the long anchor cables, and the construction is time-consuming and less-used.
In current practical engineering, construction methods such as a step method, a CD method and a CRD method are often adopted to improve construction safety. However, the working procedures of the construction method are complex, the block excavation size is small, the support design is dense, the construction organization is complex, and the space in the tunnel does not have the condition of long anchor cable construction. The conflict between engineering safety and efficiency is very prominent, and becomes a bottleneck problem restricting safe and efficient construction of underground excavation stations.
For underground excavation stations of subways, only the harms or the unfavorable surfaces of the characteristics of shallow burying and large span are usually seen at present, and the convenient condition is not utilized. Researches show that in shallow buried conditions, "anchoring bearing arches" around the excavation outline and "stratum arch" double-arch structures on the upper macroscopic structure generally exist in the tunnel surrounding rock, and particularly the "stratum arch" is more remarkable under the action of structural stress. The traditional support cannot well utilize the 'stratum arch'.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a safe and rapid construction method for pre-anchoring the ground of a subway underground excavation station and forming a ring in a tunnel, a double-arch structure of 'anchoring bearing arch + stratum arch' can be strengthened by inventing a novel supporting mode, and the engineering safety is further ensured; meanwhile, shallow burying also provides conditions for drilling and pre-anchoring from the ground, namely forceful measures can be taken from the ground to further reform the construction method technology, so that the liberation of construction force in the hole is promoted, and greater benefit is formed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop formation of the underground excavated station of the subway comprises the following steps:
before the station is excavated, drilling a hole downwards from the ground and completing the construction of the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve in the hole;
excavating a station, and carrying out arc-shaped joist and longitudinal beam excavation;
exposing the lower end of a prestressed anchor cable after the station excavation is advanced for a set distance, connecting the lower end of the anchor cable with an arc joist and a longitudinal beam, closing the lower end of the anchor cable with an arch top in a tunnel to form a ring, tensioning the anchor cable from the ground to apply prestress, controlling a potentially unstable surrounding rock mass of the arch part by utilizing a stratum macro-stable structure, and sealing the arch top in the tunnel to form an annular supporting structure after the station excavation.
As a further technical scheme, the construction of the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve sequentially comprises three steps of drilling, putting the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve and anchoring, wherein the anchoring is to arrange a grouting pipe in the drilling after the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve is put, and fill anchoring mortar in the drilling to prevent water and reinforce the stratum.
As a further technical scheme, the drill holes are drilled below the designed excavation contour line of the station.
As a further technical scheme, the drill holes are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the station.
As a further technical scheme, the outer side of the prestressed anchor cable is wrapped by a sleeve, and the end of the prestressed anchor cable is provided with an axial force meter for monitoring the axial force.
As a further technical scheme, when a station is excavated to the position of a prestressed anchor cable, the lower end sleeve is taken down, the lower end of the prestressed anchor cable is connected with the arc-shaped joist through the anchor beam connecting assembly, the left end and the right end of the arc-shaped joist are fixed on surrounding rocks through lock beam anchor rods, and an annular supporting structure is sealed at the arch top in a tunnel.
As a further technical scheme, when the arc joists are installed, the longitudinal beams are installed longitudinally along the station in the same mode, and the longitudinal beams and the arcs form a three-dimensional combined structure to bear the surrounding rock pressure together.
As a further technical scheme, the shape of the arc-shaped joist is consistent with the contour line of the vault excavation of the station, the lengths of two ends of the arc-shaped joist are as long as the arch waist position of the top of the station, a hole is formed in the top of the arc-shaped joist, and the hole is connected with an anchor cable; the two ends of the lock beam are also provided with holes, and the holes and the lock beam anchor rods are arranged.
As a further technical scheme, the anchor beam connecting assembly comprises a lock and a sleeve, the sleeve penetrates through a hole in the top of the arc-shaped joist, the prestressed anchor cable penetrates through the sleeve, and the lower end of the prestressed anchor cable and the arc-shaped joist are fixedly locked by the lock, are matched and welded and are closed to form an annular supporting structure.
As a further technical scheme, the arc-shaped joists and the longitudinal beams are sprayed inside by adopting sprayed concrete and are used as a part of a supporting structure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The construction is safer. By drilling downwards from the ground before station excavation, the problem that the construction space of the long anchor cable in the tunnel is insufficient and the short anchor cable is difficult to penetrate through danger blocks to cause poor supporting effect is solved.
(2) The construction efficiency is improved. After the anchor cable and the joist are connected and fixed to form an annular supporting structure, the supporting structure and surrounding rocks are stressed together, so that the space in a tunnel is more stable, and the 'ultra-large section' excavation scheme is convenient to realize. The construction of 'large block and large footage' provides enough space for the construction using large mechanical equipment, solves the problem of 'shortage of labor workers' at present, reduces the cost and shortens the construction period at the same time.
(3) And releasing the construction force in the hole. Partial supporting measures applied in the tunnel in the conventional construction method are transferred to ground for pre-construction, so that the supporting density in the tunnel is reduced, and the construction organization is more reasonable and efficient.
(4) The arch geological survey provides a supplement. By surveying the drilling record or extracting the rock core of the underground rock-soil body, the lithology, the hardness degree, the geological structure, the underground water and the like of the stratum from the ground to the vault can be mastered in time, and a basis is provided for corresponding engineering design and construction.
(5) The popularization is high. The method is suitable for building underground structures of various strata such as hard rock, soft rock, soil and the like, and is particularly suitable for underground excavation stations of urban subways which are densely built and have higher safety requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a construction panorama of a construction method proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general process diagram of the construction method proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the anchor cable and joist configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the construction drawing in the hole according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the present invention showing the location of additional boreholes;
in the figure, 1 a pavement green belt, 2 anchoring mortar, 3 anchor cables, 4 advanced pilot tunnel excavation, 5 arc-shaped joists, 6 longitudinal beams, 7 loose dangerous stones, 8 anchor rod supports, 9 lock beam anchor rods, 10 large block excavation, 11 locks, 12 drilling hole channels, 13 left and right additional drilling positions, 14 tensioning, 15 axial force sensors, 16PVC sleeves, 17 spray layer supports, 18 pallets and 19 anchoring foundations are arranged.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As introduced by the background technology, the defects in the prior art are that in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a safe and rapid construction method for pre-anchoring the ground of a subway underground excavation station and forming a ring in a hole.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a subway underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring + in-tunnel looping safe and rapid construction method includes the following steps:
And 3, after the excavation in the step (1), connecting the lower end of the prestressed anchor cable 3 with the arc-shaped joist 5 and the longitudinal beam 6 through the anchor beam connecting assembly, then tensioning the prestressed anchor cable 3 from the ground to apply prestress, and sealing the arch top in the tunnel to form an annular supporting structure.
The construction method is a construction cycle, and the subsequent cycle is implemented by adopting the mode, so that the excavation and the support of the tunnel are realized.
By drilling downwards from the ground before station excavation, the problem that the construction space of a long anchor cable in the existing tunnel is insufficient, and a short anchor cable is difficult to penetrate through dangerous blocks to cause poor supporting effect is solved. After the anchor cable and the joist are connected and fixed to form an annular supporting structure, the supporting structure and surrounding rocks bear force together, so that the space in a hole is more stable, and the excavation scheme of an ultra-large section is convenient to realize. The construction of 'large block and large footage' provides enough space for using large-scale mechanical equipment for construction, solves the problem of 'shortage of labor workers' at present, reduces the cost and shortens the construction period at the same time.
Furthermore, the ground pre-anchoring of the invention mainly means that before the station is excavated, a hole is drilled downwards from the ground, and the first-stage construction of the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve is completed in the hole. The in-tunnel looping mainly means that after a station is excavated, the lower end of an anchor cable is connected with an arc-shaped joist and a longitudinal beam through an anchor beam connecting assembly, then the anchor cable is tensioned from the ground to apply prestress, and an arch top in the tunnel is sealed to form an annular supporting structure, so that the collapse of potentially unstable surrounding rocks of the arch part is prevented, and the safety construction is guaranteed.
Further, the ground pre-anchoring comprises three steps, namely drilling, putting down a sleeve pre-stressed anchor cable, anchoring and the like, the drilling construction can be carried out in a ground green belt 1, ground traffic is not influenced as much as possible, specifically, the drilling mainly refers to that before station excavation, a drilling machine is used for drilling holes from the ground downwards according to tunnel design buried depth, the holes are drilled to about 0.5m below a designed excavation contour line of a station, multiple times of drilling are carried out, multiple drilling holes are arranged along the axial direction of the station, the distance between the holes can be 1-2 m generally, and the aperture can be phi 50-phi 100mm generally. The step of putting the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve refers to the step of putting the anchor cable wrapped by the PVC sleeve 16 into a drilled hole. The outer side of the anchor cable 3 is wrapped by a PVC sleeve 16, the end head of the anchor cable 3 is provided with an axial force sensor 15 for monitoring the axial force, and the middle lower part of the anchor cable 3 is wrapped by a high-strength protective tube so as to reduce the damage of blasting to the anchor cable as much as possible. And the anchoring is to place a grouting pipe in the hole after the anchor cable 3 is put down, and fill anchoring mortar in the hole for preventing water and reinforcing the stratum.
Furthermore, the PVC casing pipe can isolate the anchor cable from anchoring mortar, so that the anchor cable can be tensioned at a later stage to apply prestress.
Further, specifically, the in-hole looping construction method comprises the following steps:
when the station is excavated to the position where the anchor cable 3 is located, the protection tube at the lower end of the anchor cable 3 is taken down, the lower end of the anchor cable is connected with the arc-shaped joist 5 through the anchor beam connecting assembly, the left end and the right end of the arc-shaped joist 5 are fixed on surrounding rocks through the lock beam anchor rods 9, and the arch top in the hole is sealed to form an annular supporting structure.
When the arc-shaped joists 5 are installed, the longitudinal beams 6 are installed longitudinally along the station in the same mode, and form a three-dimensional combined structure with the arc-shaped joists 5, so that the pressure of surrounding rocks is borne jointly, the integral settlement is prevented, and the supporting capacity is improved by utilizing the space constraint effect. Furthermore, the longitudinal beams 6 are of steel structures, and the adjacent two groups of longitudinal beams 6 are fixed in a welding mode and the like.
The concrete method for applying the prestress in the embodiment is as follows:
after the anchor cable 3 is connected with the arc-shaped joist 5 and the longitudinal beam 6, the anchor cable 3 is tensioned on the ground by a jack and locked by an anchorage device 11. At the moment, the arc joists 5 and the longitudinal beams 6 are also prestressed, and the integral structure plays a large role in supporting the arch part.
Preferably, the shape of the arc-shaped joist 6 is consistent with the contour line of the vault excavation of the station, the lengths of two ends of the arc-shaped joist are as long as the arch waist position of the top of the station, the arc-shaped joist is made of a steel structure, a hole is formed in the middle top of the arc-shaped joist, and the hole diameter is slightly larger than that of the anchor cable 3 so as to be conveniently connected and fixed with the anchor cable 3; the two ends of the lock beam are also provided with holes, and the aperture is slightly larger than the lock beam anchor rod 9 so as to be conveniently connected and fixed with the lock beam anchor rod 9.
Preferably, the anchor beam connecting assembly comprises a lock 11 and a tray 18, a PVC sleeve 16 penetrates through a hole at the top of the arc-shaped joist 5, the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the PVC sleeve 16, the lower end of the anchor cable 3 and the arc-shaped joist 5 are fixedly locked by the lock 11 and the tray 18, and are matched and welded to form a ring-shaped supporting structure in a closed mode.
Further, after the whole station is supported, the arc-shaped joists, the longitudinal beams and the like are sprayed inside by adopting sprayed concrete to serve as a part of a supporting structure, specifically referring to a sprayed layer support 17 in fig. 4;
the in-tunnel support is generally the support measures of anchor rods, reinforcing mesh, steel arch frames, concrete spraying and the like; compared with the traditional construction method, the construction method can reduce the consumption of the supporting materials.
According to the method, partial support measures applied in the hole in the conventional construction method are transferred to the ground for pre-construction, so that the support density in the hole is reduced, and the construction organization is more reasonable and efficient. By surveying the drilling record or extracting the rock core of the underground rock-soil body, the lithology, the hardness degree, the geological structure, the underground water and the like of the stratum from the ground to the vault can be mastered in time, and a basis is provided for corresponding engineering design and construction. The method is suitable for building underground structures of various strata such as hard rock, soft rock, soil and the like, and is particularly suitable for underground excavation stations of urban subways which are densely built and have higher requirements on safety.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The safe and rapid construction method for pre-anchoring the ground of the underground excavated station of the subway and forming the ring in the tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
before station excavation, drilling a hole downwards from the ground and completing construction of the pre-stressed anchor cable with the sleeve in the hole;
excavating a station, and carrying out arc-shaped joist and longitudinal beam excavation;
when the station is excavated and pushed to a set distance, the lower end of the prestressed anchor cable is exposed, the lower end of the anchor cable is connected with the arc-shaped joist and the longitudinal beam, the arch top in the tunnel is closed into a ring, the anchor cable is tensioned from the ground to apply prestress, the stratum macro-stable structure is utilized to control the potentially unstable surrounding rock mass of the arch part to be excavated in the station, and the arch top in the tunnel is closed into an annular supporting structure.
2. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping safe and rapid building method of the subway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction of the prestressed anchorage cable with the casing sequentially comprises three steps of drilling, lowering the prestressed anchorage cable with the casing and anchoring, wherein the anchoring is that a grouting pipe is built in the drilling after the prestressed anchorage cable with the casing is lowered, and the drilling is filled with anchoring mortar for waterproofing and strengthening the ground.
3. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping safe and rapid construction method of the subway as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drill hole is drilled below a designed excavation contour line of the station.
4. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping safe and rapid construction method of the subway as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drill holes are sequentially arranged along the station axial direction.
5. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchor and in-tunnel looping safe and rapid construction method of the subway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer side of the pre-stressed anchor cable is wrapped by a sleeve, and the end of the pre-stressed anchor cable is provided with a shaft force meter for monitoring the magnitude of the shaft force.
6. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop safe and rapid construction method of the subway as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the station is excavated to the position of the pre-stressed anchor cable, the lower end casing is removed, the lower end of the pre-stressed anchor cable is connected with the arc joist through the anchor beam connecting assembly, and the left and right ends of the arc joist are fixed on the surrounding rock by the lock beam anchor rods and are closed to form a loop supporting structure at the arch top in the tunnel.
7. The safe and rapid construction method of ground pre-anchorage and in-tunnel looping of the subway underground excavation station as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the arc joists are installed, the longitudinal beams are installed longitudinally along the station in the same manner, and form a three-dimensional combined structure with the arc to bear the surrounding rock pressure together.
8. The safe and rapid construction method of ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel looping of the subway underground excavation station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shape of the arc joist is consistent with the contour line of vault excavation of the station, the lengths of both ends reach the arch waist position of the top of the station, a hole is arranged at the top of the middle of the arc joist, and the hole is connected with an anchor cable; the two ends of the lock beam are also provided with holes which are communicated with the lock beam anchor rod.
9. The safe and rapid construction method of ground pre-anchorage and in-tunnel looping of a subway underground excavation station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anchor beam connection assembly comprises a lock and a sleeve, the sleeve passes through a hole at the top of the arc-shaped joist, the pre-stressed anchor cable passes through the sleeve, and the lower end of the pre-stressed anchor cable and the arc-shaped joist are fixedly locked by the lock, are matched and welded, and are closed to form a loop supporting structure.
10. The underground excavation station ground pre-anchoring and in-hole looping safe and rapid building method of the subway according to claim 1, wherein the arc-shaped joists and the longitudinal beams are sprayed inside by adopting sprayed concrete to be used as a part of a supporting structure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210906413.0A CN115263390A (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | Safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop forming of underground excavation station of subway |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210906413.0A CN115263390A (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | Safe and rapid construction method for ground pre-anchoring and in-tunnel loop forming of underground excavation station of subway |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116220700A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-06 | 山东建筑大学 | Prestressed active support control process for underground excavation underground engineering |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116220700A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-06 | 山东建筑大学 | Prestressed active support control process for underground excavation underground engineering |
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