CN115260288A - 一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物及应用 - Google Patents
一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物,其特征在于:包含42个分子量<3.0kDa的肽段,其中占比最高的三个肽段分别为占比23.56%的生物活性肽1,占比13.64%的生物活性肽2,占比12.98%的生物活性肽3,所述的生物活性肽1的氨基酸序列为:LGEHNIDVLEGNEQFINAAK,所述的生物活性肽2的氨基酸序列为:GHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVR,所述的生物活性肽3的氨基酸序列为:DLVILLYETALLSSGFSLEDPQTHANR。该抗氧化肽复合物能够耐受胃肠道消化酶的消化,可有效清除ABTS·+和氧自由基(ORAC),并具有良好的Fe2+螯合能力,可有效修复过氧化氢诱导的细胞氧化损伤,该生物活性肽复合物对开发具有抗氧化功能的食品、保健品和药物具有十分重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性食品领域,具体涉及一种干腌火腿来源具有抗氧化功能的生物活性肽复合物及应用。
背景技术
生物活性肽具有来源广泛,易消化吸收和生物安全性高的特点,是近些年功能性食品研发的热点领域,目前的研究主要集中在抗高血压肽、抗氧化肽、抗菌肽、抗炎肽、降血糖肽等。很多疾病如糖尿病、帕金森、阿尔兹海默症、肝病以及癌症等与人体中活性氧(ROS)诱发的氧化应激相关。能够被机体消化吸收的抗氧化物质可以延迟或抑制体内氧化作用的进程。而化学合成的抗氧化组分对人体健康存在潜在的危害,可能会导致肝损伤和癌症等相关疾病的发生,因此,天然食物来源的抗氧化肽的研究具有重要意义。
目前,关于抗氧化肽的研究大部分集中在采用单一肽段或者类似于肽的药物进行的实验,然而,从肽组学角度来看,混合肽的吸收及生物利用度更符合机体作用方式。因此,深入研究多种生物活性肽组成的复合物的生物活性具有重要意义。
宣威火腿经长时间的腌制加工和发酵成熟过程使肌肉蛋白质和脂肪发生了复杂的生物化学变化,生成了各种不同的代谢产物,这些产物不仅对风味有所贡献,同时也产生了大量的肽类物质,主要是一些小肽类物质。目前宣威火腿抗氧化肽的相关研究主要集中在直接从宣威火腿中分离提取抗氧化肽。抗氧化肽经口服在机体发挥抗氧化功能之前,要克服胃酸、小肠碱性环境及胃蛋白酶、胰酶、肽酶等一系列酶的作用,是发挥其生理功能的重要前提条件。但是关于肉制品来源的天然的、耐消化的抗氧化肽国内外还鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明提供一种传统干腌火腿来源,天然的、耐消化、具有良好抗氧化性能的生物活性肽复合物。
本发明所采用的技术方案是一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物,包含42个分子量<3.0kDa的肽段,其中占比最高的三个肽段分别为占比23.56%的生物活性肽1,占比13.64%的生物活性肽2,占比12.98%的生物活性肽3,所述的生物活性肽1的氨基酸序列为:LGEHNIDVLEGNEQFINAAK,所述的生物活性肽2的氨基酸序列为:GHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVR,所述的生物活性肽3的氨基酸序列为:DLVILLYETALLSSGFSLEDPQTHANR。
一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物在制备抗氧化食品或抗氧化保健品或抗氧化药物的用途。
进一步的,所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物清除ABTS·+自由基和氧自由基(ORAC)中的任一种或更多种。
进一步的,所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物具有Fe2+螯合能力。
进一步的,所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物修复过氧化氢诱导的细胞氧化损伤。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)以宣威火腿为原料,经过模拟体外消化获得天然的、耐消化的由42个肽段组成生物活性肽复合物。(2)该生物活性肽复合物可有效清除ABTS·+和氧自由基(ORAC),并具有良好的Fe2+螯合能力。(3)该生物活性肽复合物可有效修复过氧化氢诱导的细胞氧化损伤。
附图说明
图1为宣威火腿消化产物经Smartdex G-15层析柱分离图谱。
图2为活性肽复合物F3对H2O2诱导氧化损伤Caco-2细胞内CAT水平影响。
图3为活性肽复合物F3对H2O2诱导氧化损伤Caco-2细胞内SOD水平影响。
图4为活性肽复合物F3的RP-HPLC-MS/MS总离子流图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件能够以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
实施示例1:活性肽的制备、分离纯化及鉴定。
(1)样品的选择与制备
选取五个来自不同火腿的肱二头肌部分的肉块作为全部实验的五个平行样品。宣威火腿需剔除瘦肉中的大块脂肪和骨骼等,仅选用肌肉部分。用刀具切成小块,然后将分装好的宣威火腿置于4℃冰箱中。
(2)模拟口腔咀嚼
分别取5g宣威火腿肱二头肌部分于100mL离心管中,分别加入15mL模拟唾液电解质(配方见附表1)与75μL二水氯化钙溶液,将离心管置于烧杯中冰浴,使用匀浆机均质以模拟人体口腔咀嚼。(3)模拟胃部消化
分别在匀质好的肉糜样品中加入10mL模拟胃液电解质(SGF,配方见表1),将样品的pH值调节至2.5,按照酶:样品=1:20(w/w)加入0.24g胃蛋白酶粉末,将恒温摇床培养箱设置参数为温度37℃,转速为100rpm,反应时间为2h,匀速振荡以模拟人体胃部消化。
(4)模拟小肠消化
取上述胃食糜样品,加入24mL模拟肠液电解质(SIF,配方见附表1),将样品的pH值调节至7.0,加入0.25g牛胆盐及按照酶:样品=1:50(w/w)加入0.1g胰蛋白酶粉末,置于37℃恒温摇床中以100rpm转速匀速振荡反应2h,得到模拟消化液。
(5)收集粗肽粉
将体外模拟消化的消化液样品于95℃水浴锅中水浴加热10min。当温度冷却至室温后,使用冷冻离心机,于4℃、12000×g条件下离心20min。离心结束后,收集离心管中的上层清液,使用0.45μm醋酸纤维膜滤纸抽滤。抽滤完成后,再使用真空冷冻干燥机对滤液进行真空冷冻干燥,即得到体外模拟消化液粗肽粉。
(6)凝胶过滤层析
用4mL超滤离心管(超滤膜孔径为3kDa)对粗肽粉进行超滤,取冻干后小于3kDa的肽粉复溶,用层析柱(固定相:葡聚糖凝胶G-15,流动相:去离子水,流速:1mL/min)对肽粉进行分离纯化;检测器的检测波长为280nm。待样品峰出现后,选用蛋白收集器每管收集5mL洗脱液,将属于同一峰段的洗脱液混合成同一样品,将属于同一峰段的洗脱液混合成同一样品,再用冷冻干燥法将洗脱样品冻干得到多肽粉末。
(7)结果分析
宣威火腿体外模拟消化产物经3kDa超滤膜超滤后,通过Smartdex G-15层析柱进行凝胶过滤层析,得到4个组分:F1(36-73min)、F2(73-130min)、F3(130-195min)和F4(220-295min)(见附图1)。葡聚糖凝胶过滤层析根据分子量大小对物质进行分离,Smartdex G-15层析柱的分子量截留范围<1500Da,分子量较大的被优先洗脱,分子量较小的肽由于进入填料孔隙内部,洗脱时间较长。结果表明,所分离得到的4个组分的分子量由大到小依次为:F1>F2>F3>F4。
实施示例2:活性肽复合物体外抗氧化活性测定
(1)ABTS·+自由基清除能力的测定
配置ABTS·+自由基工作液后,取0.5mL样品与3mL ABTS·+自由基工作液进行充分振荡、摇匀,30℃反应5分钟。使用紫外分光光度计,测定其在734nm波长处的吸光度。对照组选用0.5mL去离子水与3mL ABTS·+自由基工作液的混合,通过计算获得ABTS·+自由基清除能力。
(2)Fe2+螯合能力的测定
使用去离子水溶解宣威火腿消化液粗肽,配制成质量浓度为1.0mg/mL的粗肽液,以GSH为对照,取1mL粗肽液,加入0.05mL的2mmol/L的FeCl2溶液,混匀,加入0.2mL菲洛嗪(5mmol/L),通过计算得到Fe2+鳌合率。
(3)氧自由基吸收能力测定(ORAC)
用75mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液将荧光素钠、自由基产生剂AAPH()溶解并稀释到70mmol/L和12mmol/L。将20μL的待测样和120μL稀释后的荧光素钠溶液置于96孔黑色酶标板中,在37℃下反应15min后,快速加入60μL稀释后的AAPH(2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐)溶液,使用多功能酶标板检测器测定荧光值。ORAC值以标准抗氧化物质Trolox清除氧自由基的当量(TEAC)给出。
(4)结果分析
对宣威火腿消化液粗肽经超滤后的组分和凝胶过滤层析后各组分的抗氧化活性进行了测定。由附表2可以看出,组分F3的抗氧化能力较强。凝胶过滤层析后浓度为1mg/mL的组分F3的ABTS·+自由基清除率已达到98.2%,高于GSH的92.4%。1mg/mL的组分F3的Fe2+螯合能力已达到89.4%,显著高于GSH(0.36%)。组分F3的ORAC值较高,为30.2μM TE/mg。
实施示例3:活性肽复合物F3对氧化损伤细胞的保护作用及肽段组成分析
(1)氧化损伤细胞造模条件考察
H2O2浓度分别为100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800μmol/L,分别培养2h、4h、6h后采用MTT法检测细胞活力,并计算细胞存活率。空白组加入100μL的培养基。将存活率在50%左右的H2O2浓度作为细胞的造模浓度。
(2)细胞中各抗氧化酶水平的检测
将1×105个/mL的Caco-2细胞悬液接种到6孔板中,每孔2.5mL,当细胞铺满6孔板的80%时,活性肽处理组分别加入0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5mg/mL的F3组分,模型组和空白组加入等体积的培养基,培养24h后,模型组和活性肽处理组弃去培养基,加入浓度为400μmol/L的H2O2溶液。4h后用IP细胞裂解液裂解细胞获取蛋白,BCA(牛血清白蛋白)试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。用超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(CAT)试剂盒对细胞中抗氧化酶活力进行测定。
(3)液质联用测定多肽序列
液相条件:流动相A 0.1%甲酸水溶液;流动相B 0.1%甲酸溶于80%的乙腈。洗脱程序:0~95min,流动相B 3%;95~105min,流动相B 32%;105~120min,流动相B 100%。流速:200nL/min;进样量:3μL。
质谱条件:MS扫描范围(m/z):355-1700,分辨率:70000,最大离子注入时间:100ms;MS/MS扫描范围(m/z):200-2000,离子注入时间:75ms,分辨率:35000;碎裂模式:高能碰撞;碎裂能量:27。
(4)数据分析
质谱产生的原始数据文件通过ProteinDiscovery 2.4.0(Thermo)进行定量分析,ProteinDiscovery参数如下:数据库为UniProtKB(2015_04,42 121),其他参数设置如下:母离子质量容差10ppm;碎片离子质量容差:0.5Da;蛋白质酶:非特异性酶切;最多允许2个漏切位点;固定修饰:carbamidomethyl(C);可变修饰:oxidation(M)和acetyl(protein N-term)。
(5)结果分析
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(CAT)是两种在生物体中至关重要的抗氧化酶,也是清除自由基的首要物质。因自由基造成的细胞损伤能够通过这两种酶修复,因此,我们可以根据这两种酶的表达水平来判断细胞衰老和遭受氧化应激后的损伤情况。本实验进一步考察宣威火腿消化液中氧化活性肽复合物F3对H2O2诱导的氧化损伤Caco-2细胞中SOD和CAT的水平的影响,以探究宣威火腿中抗氧化肽复合物对氧化损伤Caco-2细胞的保护作用。
F3对氧化损伤Caco-2细胞中CAT活性影响见附图2。模型组细胞中CAT水平(9.86U/mg prot)显著低于空白细胞组(12.47U/mg prot,P<0.05),说明Caco-2氧化损伤模型诱导成功。0.25mg/mL和0.50mg/mL浓度的F3组分处理Caco-2细胞后,Caco-2细胞中CAT水平分别为14.69U/mg prot和15.66U/mg prot,显著高于空白组细胞中的CAT水平(12.47U/mgprot,P<0.05)。0.75mg/mL和1.00mg/mL浓度的F3组分处理Caco-2细胞后,Caco-2细胞中CAT水平分别为17.84U/mg prot和17.91U/mg prot,显著高于空白组(12.47U/mg prot)和GSH阳性对照组(15.30U/mg prot)细胞中的CAT水平(P<0.01)。说明活性肽复合物F3组分可通过调节细胞内过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平保护H2O2诱导氧化损伤的Caco-2细胞,其对细胞的保护效果好于GSH。
F3组分对氧化损伤Caco-2细胞中SOD活性影响见附图3。模型组细胞中SOD水平为12.94U/mg prot显著低于空白细胞组(16.92U/mg prot,P<0.01),说明Caco-2氧化损伤模型诱导成功。0.25mg/mL、0.50mg/mL、0.75mg/mL和1.00mg/mL浓度的活性肽复合物F3组分处理Caco-2细胞后,Caco-2细胞中SOD水平分别为14.64U/mg prot、15.32U/mg prot、15.13U/mg prot和15.09U/mg prot,作用效果与GSH相当。
采用反相液相-质谱串联法鉴定肽段组成,根据高分辨质谱图,利用ProteinDiscovery2.4.0软件进行数据处理,UniProt蛋白质数据库进行氨基酸序列比对,数据准确度设置可信度>90%。结果如附图4和附表3所示,活性肽复合物F3组分中共有42个肽段,其中最小的肽段为VEADVAGH,由8个氨基酸组成,最长的肽段为LADQCTGLQGFLVFHSFGGGTGSGFTSLLMER,由32个氨基酸组成。在F3复合物中,10个及以下氨基酸组成的肽段有3个,占比8.08%;11-20个氨基酸组成的肽段有22个,占比57.16%;21-30个氨基酸组成的肽段有15个,占比33.81%。在活性肽复合物F3中,占比超过10%的肽段有3个,分别为LGEHNIDVLEGNEQFINAAK(23.56%)、GHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVR(13.64%)和DLVILLYETALLSSGFSLEDPQTHANR(12.98%)。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
表1,模拟胃肠消化的电解质浓度。
表2,层析后4个组分的体外抗氧化能力。
表3,活性肽复合物F3的肽段组成及占比。
序列表
<110> 东莞理工学院
<120> 一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物及应用
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<141> 2022-06-14
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Claims (5)
1.一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物,其特征在于:包含42个分子量<3.0kDa的肽段,其中占比最高的三个肽段分别为占比23.56%的生物活性肽1,占比13.64%的生物活性肽2,占比12.98%的生物活性肽3,所述的生物活性肽1的氨基酸序列为:LGEHNIDVLEGNEQFINAAK,所述的生物活性肽2的氨基酸序列为:GHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVR,所述的生物活性肽3的氨基酸序列为:DLVILLYETALLSSGFSLEDPQTHANR。
2.权利要求1所述的一种干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物在制备抗氧化食品或抗氧化保健品或抗氧化药物的用途。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物清除ABTS·+自由基和氧自由基(ORAC)中的任一种或更多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物具有Fe2+螯合能力。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述的干腌火腿来源抗氧化肽复合物修复过氧化氢诱导的细胞氧化损伤。
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