CN115260107B - 一种抗肿瘤药物前药、药物组合物及在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用 - Google Patents
一种抗肿瘤药物前药、药物组合物及在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗肿瘤药物前药、药物组合物及在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用。为了提供一种具有肿瘤靶向特异性识别和聚集作用的抗肿瘤前药,本发明提供了如下式I或式II所示的抗肿瘤前药: 经验证,上述抗肿瘤药物修饰方式能够有效提高抗肿瘤药物的抗肿瘤活性,还提供了一种协同抗肿瘤给药方式,具有良好的临床应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗肿瘤靶向药物技术领域,具体涉及一种抗肿瘤药物前药、包含所述前药的药物组合物及其在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
癌症是由多种复杂性因素引起的疾病,以恶性细胞的无限增殖为主要特征,也被称为恶性肿瘤。据WHO统计,每年全世界因癌症导致的死亡数就高达数百万,严重威胁了人类的健康,目前临床仍以化疗药物为主要治疗手段。然而,化疗药物对正常细胞的毒副作用、生物利用度低、耐药性是化疗药物的主要瓶颈。
利用肿瘤组织对某种内源性载体的特异性识别和聚集作用,在体外将该载体与抗肿瘤药物进行共价或非共价连接,可使连接载体的抗肿瘤药物有效到达肿瘤部位,提高肿瘤靶向作用。在体内各种水解酶的作用下释放出原型药物,达到杀死肿瘤细胞、提高化疗药物有效浓度,降低对正常细胞毒副作用的目的。
前药是指对原药进行化学结构修饰后得到的无活性或活性较小的一类化合物。当抗肿瘤前药进入肿瘤组织后,可在体内经酶或非酶的转化释放出有活性的原药,从而提高了活性成分在肿瘤组织中的有效浓度,减少了对正常组织的毒副作用,达到靶向治疗的目的。在众多内源性小分子载体中,长链脂肪是一类构建抗肿瘤前药的理想载体。
发明内容
基于上述技术背景,本发明目的在于提供一种具有肿瘤靶向特异性识别和聚集作用的抗肿瘤前药,该类前药不仅能降低抗肿瘤原药的毒性,还具有提高药物有效治疗浓度作用,起到肿瘤靶向治疗的效果,具有较好的临床应用前景。
针对上述目的,本发明选择了将人体内源性的长链脂肪作为这种靶向性载体,与各类抗肿瘤药物进行非共价连接做成前药,这是基于以下事实而进行的设计:
1)长链脂肪是脂肪、激素和蛋白质的重要组成部分,可提供细胞生长所需的能量,对维持细胞的正常生理功能具有非常重要的作用,是一类对人体无害的内源性物质。
2)快速增殖的肿瘤细胞需要吸收大量长链脂肪类物质作为其能量和代谢的来源,同时也给细胞膜的形成提供脂质,这使得肿瘤细胞中长链脂肪的含量比正常细胞高很多。因此,基于长链脂肪构建的前药可以提高对肿瘤的靶向性及到达靶器官的转释作用。
3)脂肪酸特别是长链脂肪酸易与人血清蛋白相结合,可作为偶联体载体。因此,长链脂肪可以借助与体内白蛋白的结合更高效地把所携载的药物靶向至肿瘤部位。众所周知,人血清蛋白也是肿瘤组织需要的营养来源,需求量远高于正常细胞,而与脂肪酸偶联的药物与血清蛋白结合后,一方面能够减小药物在循环系统中运输的氧化,另一方面引入脂肪链后亲脂性增加,能够延长药物在体内的作用时间。由此可见,引入含有长链脂肪的基团可以模拟脂肪酸与人血清蛋白非共价结合形成肿瘤靶向给药体系。
4)长脂肪链的引入还可以调整药物的脂水分配系数,很好地提高抗癌药物的生物利用度,减少毒副作用,提高药物的成药性。
具体的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面,提供一种抗肿瘤药物前药,所述前药中,抗肿瘤药物与靶向修饰基团通过连接链(linker)连接,所述前药结构如式I或式II所示:
其中,药物表示抗肿瘤药物;
R为靶向修饰基团,为包括但不限于甲基、羧基、氨基、酯基、异羟肟酸、肼基、含取代基的酰胺基中的一种;
A为连接链(linker),为包括但不限于二硫键、酰胺键、酯键、多胺或者脂肪基团(如杂环、芳杂环、芳环、脂肪链)中的一种或几种的组合。
优选的,所述抗肿瘤药物包括但不限于细胞毒类药物、激素类药物、生物反应调节剂类、单克隆抗体类药物,只要能够采用上述方式进行修饰均满足第一方面所提供的前药;在式II所示的结构中,两种药物为相同药物或不同药物,优选的实施方式中,两种药物为基于协同增强目的的两种不同的抗肿瘤药物。
优选的,所述抗肿瘤药物为5-氟尿嘧啶,所述前药结构如下式III或式IV所示:
其中,n=4~20之间的自然数。
具体的实施方式中,式III所示的前药,选自以下化合物中的任意一种:
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)己酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-6C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)辛酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-8C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)癸酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-10C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)十二酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-12C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)十四酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-14C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)棕榈酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-16C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)硬脂酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-18C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)二十碳三酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-20C);
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)二十二碳酰胺(代号FA-5FU-B-22C)。
上述式Ⅲ所示化合物的合成路线如下:
具体的合成方式如下:
向5-Fu的DMSO溶液中加入Et3N和K2CO3反应一段时间后,逐滴加入1-氟-4-硝基苯的DMSO溶液;将上述反应体系在55~65℃、N2氛围中反应4~6小时后冷却,收集黄色沉淀并采用Pd-C催化氢化得到黄色油状物;将所述黄色油状物溶于二氯甲烷,冰浴条件下加入不同碳链长度的正烷酸、HOBt和EDCI反应10~20min,加入N,N-二异丙基乙二胺室温下继续反应4~5h后,洗涤并干燥粗品,粗品通过乙酸乙酯/石油醚过柱纯化后得到式Ⅲ所示目标化合物。
具体的实施方式中,式Ⅳ所示的前药,选自以下化合物中的任意一种:
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)4-(十二烷氧基)苯甲酸甲酯(代号LFC12-Ben-5FU);
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)甲基4-(十四烷氧基)苯甲酸酯(代号LFC14-Ben-5FU);
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)甲基4-(十六烷氧基)苯甲酸酯(代号LFC16-Ben-5FU)。
上述式Ⅳ所示化合物的合成路线如下:
具体的合成方式如下:
将5-Fu与30~40%的甲醛水溶液混合,加入乙腈升温至55~65℃搅拌至固体溶解后继续反应40~50min,除去反应体系中的甲醛、水和乙腈,得到无色透明的粘稠液体产物1,3-二羟甲基-5-氟尿嘧啶;将1,3-二羟甲基-5-氟尿嘧啶、不同碳链的对烷氧基苯甲酸、DCC和DMAP溶于无水乙腈中,冰浴条件下反应0.5~1.5h,升温至室温继续反应22~26h,将滤液部分浓缩,对残渣进行洗涤、干燥、乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:1,v:v)过柱纯化得到白色固体,即为式Ⅳ所示化合物。
优选的,所述抗肿瘤药物为紫杉醇,所述前药结构如下式Ⅴ所示:
(2aR,4S,4aS,6R,9S,11S,12S,12aR,12bS)-9-((2R,3S)-3-苯甲酰胺基-2-(4-(十二胺基)-4-氧代丁酰基)氧基)-3-苯丙酰基)氧基)-12-(苯甲酰氧基)-4,11-二羟基-4a,8,13,13-四甲基-5-氧基-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-十二氢-1H-7,11-甲基环癸[3,4]苯并[1,2-b]氧基-6,12b-二乙酸酯(代号FA-Taxol);
上述式Ⅴ所示化合物的合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤如下:
将紫杉醇溶于无水吡啶中,搅拌后加入丁二酸酐,室温反应3~5h后去除溶剂,加水并调节反应体系pH为2~3,采用乙酸乙酯萃取,获取有机相部分洗涤并干燥,除去溶剂后得到丁二酰紫杉醇;将丁二酰紫杉醇溶于无水THF中,加入氯甲酸异丁酯和TEA,搅拌4~6min后加入不同碳链的长链烷胺,继续反应0.8~1.2h至反应完全;去除溶剂后加入乙酸乙酯萃取,分别用水和饱和食盐水洗涤有机相后,收集浓缩有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,粗品通过石油醚/丙酮过柱纯化得到式Ⅴ所示化合物。
优选的,所述抗肿瘤药物为甲氨蝶呤,所述前药结构如下式Ⅵ-1~Ⅵ-4所示:
式Ⅵ-1~Ⅵ-4所示化合物的合成方式如下:
将甲氨蝶呤溶于无水THF中,加入氯甲酸异丁酯和三乙胺搅拌均匀后加入不同碳链长度的烷基胺继续反应0.8~12h,取出后溶剂后,加入乙酸乙酯对产物进行萃取及柱色谱纯化即得。
优选的,所述抗肿瘤药物为替莫唑胺,所述前药结构如下式Ⅶ所示:
其中,n为11,13或15;
具体的实施方式中,式Ⅶ所示的前药,选自以下化合物中的任意一种:
十二烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐;
十四烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐;
十六烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐。
式Ⅶ所示化合物的合成方式如下:
将替莫唑胺溶于浓硫酸中,冰浴下滴加NaNO2水溶液并反应0.8~1.2h,室温条件下继续反应0.8~1.2h,升温至45~55℃后继续反应1~2h,冷却反应体系得到沉淀部分,即为中间体;将所述中间体、DCC和DMAP溶于DMF中,反应一段时间后加入不同碳链长度的烷基醇,室温下继续反应45~50h至反应完全;向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯进行萃取,分别用水和饱和食盐水洗涤有机相后,收集浓缩有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,粗品通过乙酸乙酯/石油醚=3:1(v:v)过柱纯化得到式Ⅶ所示化合物。
本发明第二方面,提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括第一方面所述抗肿瘤药物前药。
优选的,所述药物组合物中,所述抗肿瘤药物前药应当是治疗有效剂量的,或能够释放出治疗有效剂量的抗肿瘤药物,所述“治疗有效剂量”指在必需的剂量和时间段上有效实现期望的治疗或预防结果的量,包括实现对疾病的消除、降低、延迟、最小化或预防疾病的不良效果;所述有效剂量对应的活性成分含量可依据治疗的对象和特定给药方式通过常规手段进行确定。例如,以药物组合物的总质量计,所述抗肿瘤药物前药含量范围可以是大约0.01~99%、0.1~70%、1~30%、0.01~0.05%、0.05~0.1%、0.1~0.3%、0.3~0.5%、0.5~1%、1~3%、3~5%、5~10%、10~20%、20~30%、30~50%、50~70%、或70~99%。
优选的,所述药物组合物中,还包括本领域药学上可接受的载体,所述药学上可接受的载体剂量应当对受试者是无害的,具体为包括但不限于缓冲剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、杀菌剂、亲水性聚合物、氨基酸单糖、二糖和其它碳水化合物、螯合剂、张力调节剂、表面活性剂、成盐抗衡离子、金属复合物和/或非离子表面活性剂。
优选的,所述药物组合物中,所述抗肿瘤药物前药作为单一有效成分施用,也可以与其他活性成分联合施用;具体的实施方式中,所述药物组合物中,式Ⅲ所示化合物与抑癌蛋白p53进行联合施用。
另外,上述药物组合物应用于制备体内施用的药物制剂时,所述药物制剂应当是无菌的,实现药物制剂无菌可采用本领域常规方式,如,通过无菌滤膜过滤等方法实现。
本发明第三方面,提供第一方面所述抗肿瘤药物前药、第二方面所述药物组合物在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用。
优选的,在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的应用,其应用方式包括但不限于以下任意一种:
(1)用于抗肿瘤制剂的制备及开发;
(2)用于肿瘤耐药患者或联合用药患者的治疗。
上述(1)方面中,所述抗肿瘤制剂包括但不限于抗肿瘤药物或抗肿瘤模型药剂;进一步的,所述抗肿瘤药物为口服制剂和肠胃外给药制剂,比如可以为片剂、丸剂、胶囊或注射剂。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为实施列1FA-5FU-B系列化合物的体外抗肿瘤增殖结果;
图1中(A)为LFC-B-5FU系列化合物对SJSA-1细胞的作用效果;
图1中(B)为FA-B-5-FU系列化合物对MDA-MB-231细胞的作用效果;
图1中(C)为FA-B-5-FU系列化合物对MCF-7细胞的作用效果;
图2为实施列2化合物FA-Taxol的体内抑制肿瘤结果图;
图3为实施列5化合物LFC12-Ben-5FU和LFC14-Ben-5FU的体内抑制肿瘤结果;
图4为LFC12-MTX、FA-MTX-C、FA-MTX-A、LFC12-MTZ以及FA-B-12C与抑癌蛋白p53的协同抗肿瘤活性。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例与对比例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1 5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)前药(3)的制备
本发明所述的式I化合物可通过如下反应路线制备得到:
上述制备流程中所用的试剂分别为:a)Et3N,K2CO3,DMSO;then 10%Pd/C,H2;b)EDCI,HOBt,DIPEA,CH2Cl2.
具体地,本发明在实施例中给出了部分示意化合物的制备过程以及效果验证数据。
中间体1-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氟嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮(2)的制备
5-Fu(3g,23mmol)溶于10mL无水DMSO中,加热至60℃下反应至5-Fu全部溶解,依次加入Et3N(2.3g,23mmol)和K2CO3(1.59g,11.5mmol)。继续反应10min后,逐滴加入1-氟-4-硝基苯(3.2g,23mmol)溶于5mL无水DMSO的溶液。该反应液在60℃下N2氛围中反应约5小时TLC监测至反应完毕。加入冰水,收集黄色的沉淀,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:1,v:v)重结晶后干燥。固体溶解在无水甲醇中,用10%Pd-C催化氢化,至反应完毕后所得的粗产品用无水甲醇重结晶得到黄色油状物,两步产率62%,可直接用于下一步反应。
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)十二酰胺(3d,代号FA-5FU-B-12C)的制备
化合物2(250mg,1.13mmol)溶在二氯甲烷(15mL)中,置于0℃的冰浴中,依次加入正十二烷酸(230mg,1.13mmol)、HOBt(370mg,2.26mmol)和EDCI(430mg,2.26mmol),所得的反应混合物在0℃下反应15分钟后,加入N,N-diisopropylethylamine(530mg,3.39mmol)。撤掉冰浴,反应在室温下继续反应4–5h后,分别用5%KHSO4(3×5mL),饱和NaHCO3(3×5mL)和饱和食盐水(25mL)洗涤.合并后的有机相用无水MgSO4干燥,蒸除有机溶剂,所得的粗品用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:1,v:v)过柱,得白色固体目标化合物,产率45%,熔点150~152℃。ESI-MS(m/z):404.2[M+H]+;426.2[M+Na]+;442.2[M+K]+;C22H30FN3O3(403.23).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)己酰胺(3a,代号FA-5FU-B-6C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,区别点在于,将正十二烷酸替换为正己烷酸,产物为白色固体,产率55.2%,熔点149~151℃.ESI-MS m/z:318.3[M-H]-;C16H18FN3O3(319.13).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)辛酰胺(3b,代号FA-5FU-B-8C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率57.1%,熔点153~155℃.ESI-MS m/z:348.2[M+H]+;C18H22FN3O3(347.16).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)癸酰胺(3c,代号FA-5FU-B-10C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率34.5%,熔点153~155℃.ESI-MS m/z:376.2[M+H]+;C20H26FN3O3(375.20).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)十四酰胺(3e,代号FA-5FU-B-14C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率44.7%,熔点158~160℃.ESI-MS m/z:437.3[M+H]+;C24H34FN3O3(431.26).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)棕榈酰胺(3f,代号FA-5FU-B-16C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率23.7%,熔点157~158℃.ESI-MS m/z:460.3[M+H]+;C26H38FN3O3(459.29).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)硬脂酰胺(3g,代号FA-5FU-B-18C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率40.2%.熔点163~164℃.ESI-MS m/z:488.4[M+H]+;C28H42FN3O3(487.32).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)二十碳三酰胺(3h,代号FA-5FU-B-20C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率39.2%.熔点164~166℃.ESI-MS m/z:514.6[M-H]-;C30H46FN3O3(515.35).
N-(4-(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯基)二十二碳酰胺(3i,代号FA-5FU-B-22C)的制备
采用与化合物3d类似的方法制得,并将上述制备方法中的正十二烷酸替换为相应碳原子数目的反应物,产物为白色固体,产率25.3%.熔点161~162℃.ESI-MS m/z:542.6[M-H]-;C32H50FN3O3(543.38).
实施例2紫杉醇(paclitaxel,Taxol)前药(化合物6,代号FA-Taxol)的制备
上述制备流程中所用的试剂分别为:a)丁二酸酐,无水吡啶;b)十二胺;氯甲酸异丁酯;三乙胺;无水THF
4-((1S,2R)-1-苯甲酰胺-3-((2aR,4S,4aS,6R,9S,11S,12S,12aR,12bS)-6,12b-二乙酰氧基-12-(苯甲酰氧基)-4,11-二羟基-4a,8,13,13-四甲基-5-氧基-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,11,12,12a,12b-十二氢-1H-7,11-甲基环癸[3,4]苯并[1,2-b]氧基-9-基)氧基)-3-氧基-1-苯丙烷-2-基)氧基)-4-氧代丁酸(中间体5)的合成
称取紫杉醇(4,500mg,0.585mmol)溶于无水吡啶(5mL)中,搅拌五分钟后加入丁二酸酐(730mg,7.295mmol),室温搅拌4小时后,TLC检测反应完全。减压除去溶剂,加入10mL水,搅拌两小时后,用1mol/L HCl调pH至2-3,乙酸乙酯萃取三次(3×50mL),合并有机相,用0.2mol/L NaHCO3(3×50mL)洗涤三次,饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤一次,无水MgSO4干燥过滤,减压除去溶剂,出现白色固体,直接投入下一步反应。
(2aR,4S,4aS,6R,9S,11S,12S,12aR,12bS)-9-((2R,3S)-3-苯甲酰胺基-2-(4-(十二胺基)-4-氧代丁酰基)氧基)-3-苯丙酰基)氧基)-12--(苯甲酰氧基)-4,11-二羟基-4a,8,13,13-四甲基-5-氧基-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-十二氢-1H-7,11-甲基环癸[3,4]苯并[1,2-b]氧基-6,12b-二乙酸酯(化合物6,代号FA-Taxol)的合成
称取丁二酰紫杉醇(5,78mg,0.08mmol)溶于4mL无水THF中,加入氯甲酸异丁酯(16μL,0.12mmol)和TEA(22μL,0.16mmol),此时反应体系变浑浊。搅拌五分钟后加入十二胺(22mg,0.12mmol),继续反应1小时后至TLC检测反应完全。将THF蒸干后,加入乙酸乙酯(10mL)稀释,水洗三次(3×15mL),饱和NaCl(15mL)洗涤一次,水相用乙酸乙酯提取两次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸干后柱层析。洗脱剂用石油醚:丙酮=2:1(v:v)过柱,得产物6(43mg),收率为46.32%。ESI-MS m/z:1121.6[M+H]+;C63H80N2O16(1120.55).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.19–8.08(m,2H,ArH),7.87–7.76(m,2H,ArH),7.65–7.28(m,11H,ArH),7.16(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,NH),6.29(s,1H,H10),6.21(t,J=8.0Hz,1H,H13),5.93(dd,J=8.7,3.7Hz,1H,NH),5.68(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H3’),5.50–5.44(m,2H,H2 and H2’),4.97(d,J=7.8Hz,1H,H5),4.40–4.47(m,1H,H7),4.30(dd,J=8.4Hz,1H,H20),4.20(d,J=8.4Hz,1H,H20),3.80(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H3),3.19–3.09(m,2H,H6”),2.76(t,J=6.9Hz,2H,H3”),2.58–2.52(m,1H,7-OH),2.46(m,2H,H2”),2.43(s,3H,CH3),2.27–2.35(m,1H,H6a),2.22(s,3H,CH3),2.04–2.14(m,1H,H14a),1.92(s,3H,H19),1.83–1.90(m,1H,H14b),1.71–1.76(m,1H,H6b),1.68(s,3H,H18),1.48–1.39(m,2H,H7”),1.27(m,18H,H8”–H16”),1.23(s,3H,H17),1.13(s,3H,H16),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,3H,H17”).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ203.82,171.86,171.18,170.70,169.85,168.12,167.22,167.01,142.77,137.17,133.70,133.60,132.82,131.89,130.23,129.27,129.04,128.72,128.60,128.47,127.31,126.73,84.46,81.06,79.13,76.43,75.62,75.16,74.36,72.10,71.82,58.53,53.17,45.62,43.19,39.77,35.56,31.90,30.96,29.59,29.32,29.26,26.88,26.81,22.66,22.12,20.79,14.77,14.09,9.61.
实施例3甲氨蝶呤(MTX)前药的制备
上述制备流程中所用的试剂分别为:a)十二胺;氯甲酸异丁酯,三乙胺,无水THF;b)EDCI,HOAt,DIPEA,THF
(R)-2-(4-((5,7-二氨基吡啶[3,4-b]吡嗪-3-基)甲基)(甲基)氨基)苯甲酰胺基)-5-(十二烷基氨基)-5-过氧戊二酸(化合物7,代号LFC12-MTX)的制备
采用与化合物6相似的酰胺缩合方法,化合物7收率为55.1%。ESI-MS m/z:621.55[M+H]+;C33H48N8O4(620.38).
2-(4-((2,4-二氨基喋呤-6-基)甲基)(甲基)氨基)苯甲酰)-5,14,17-三氧基-23-十四烷基-9,10-二硫基-6,13,18-三氮基四氯化碳-1,24-二甲酸(化合物8,代号FA-MTX-AC)的制备
采用与化合物6相似的酰胺缩合方法,化合物8收率为35.1%。ESI-MS m/z:1027.6[M+H]+;C48H74N12O9S2(1026.51).
(R)-5-((S)-1-氨基-1-氧代-6-棕榈酰六烷-2-基)氨基)-2-(4-((2,4-二氨基喋呤-6-基)甲基)(甲基)氨基)苯甲酰)-5-氧代戊酸(化合物9,代号FA-MTX-A)的制备
采用与化合物6相似的酰胺缩合方法,化合物9收率为31.6%。ESI-MS m/z:820.7[M+H]+;C42H65N11O6(819.51).
(3R,8S)-8-氨甲酰-3-羧基-1-(4-((2,4-二氨基喋呤-6-基)甲基)(甲基)氨基)苯基)-1,6,14-三氧基-15-噻-2,7,13-三氮杂三氮杂氮-31-甲酸(化合物10,代号FA-MTX-C)的制备
采用与化合物6相似的酰胺缩合方法,化合物10收率为27.6%。ESI-MS m/z:896.5[M+H]+;C43H65N11O8S(895.47).
实施例4替莫唑胺(MTZ)前药的制备
上述制备流程中所用的试剂分别为:a)NaNO2;H2SO4;H2O;b)十二醇;DCC,DMAP,DMF
3-甲基-4-氧代-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸(中间体11)的制备
替莫唑胺(0.99g,5mmol)溶于5mL浓硫酸中,冰浴下滴加NaNO2(0.69g,10mmol)的水溶液(4mL),滴加完毕后继续在0℃下反应1小时,而后在室温下反应1小时,再在50℃下反应1.5小时直至TLC显示反应完毕。将反应液趁热倒入冰水中,搅拌下出现沉淀,过滤,水洗,烘干得中间体11(0.9g,92%)ESI-MS m/z:196.1[M+H]+;C6H5N5O3(195.04).
十二烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐(化合物12a,代号LFC12-MTZ)的制备
室温下,将中间体11(100mg,0.51mmol)、DCC(310mg,1.5mmol)和DMAP(10mg,0.08mmol)溶解在15mLDMF中,反应30分钟后加入十二醇(190mg,1mmol),而后继续在室温下反应48小时至TLC显示反应完毕。过滤后,在反应液中加入50mL乙酸乙酯,分别用1N HCl(3×30mL)、5%NaHCO3溶液(30mL)、饱和食盐水(30mL)萃取,无水MgSO4干燥,减压蒸干后柱层析。洗脱剂用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1(v:v)过柱,得产物12a(170mg),收率为91.8%。ESI-MSm/z:364.4[M+H]+;C18H29N5O3(363.23).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(s,1H,CH),4.47(t,J=6.8Hz,2H,O-CH2),4.06(s,3H,N-CH3)1.86–1.80(m,2H,CH2),1.45(dd,J=12.9,6.8Hz,2H,CH2),1.29(s,2H,CH2),1.26(s,14H,CH2),0.89–0.86(m,3H,CH3).
十四烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐(化合物12b,代号LFC14-MTZ)的制备
采用与化合物12a相似的方法,化合物12b收率为89.1%。ESI-MS m/z:392.4[M+H]+;C20H33N5O3(391.26).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(s,1H,CH),4.46(t,J=6.8Hz,2H,O-CH2),4.05(s,3H,N-CH3),1.86–1.80(m,2H,CH2),1.45(t,J=8.6Hz,2H,CH2),1.28(s,2H,CH2),1.24(s,18H,CH2),0.86(d,J=7.0Hz,3H,CH3).
十六烷基-3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸盐(化合物12c,代号LFC16-MTZ)的制备
采用与化合物12a相似的方法,化合物12c收率为86.7%。ESI-MS m/z:420.6[M+H]+;C22H37N5O3(419.29).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.45(s,1H,CH),4.46(t,J=6.8Hz,2H,O-CH2),4.05(s,3H,N-CH3),1.84–1.79(m,2H,CH2),1.56(s,2H,CH2),1.24(s,24H,CH2),0.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H,CH3).
实施例5 5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)前药(化合物14)的制备
N,N’-1,3-二羟甲基-5-氟尿嘧啶(中间体13)的制备
将5-Fu(4mmol,0.52g)与37%的甲醛水溶液(0.712g,0.648ml,8.8mmol)投入50ml的烧杯中,加入5ml的无水干燥乙腈,加入搅拌子,加热搅拌并且升温至60℃,直到固体完全溶解后,继续反应50min,而后用旋转蒸发仪减压除去过量的甲醛、水和乙腈,得到无色透明的粘稠液体产物1,3-二羟甲基-5-氟尿嘧啶0.78g,产率为95.1%。该产物不用分离直接用于下一步的反应中。ESI-MS m/z:189.2[M-H]-;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.17~6.53(2×OH,2H,m),5.06~5.34(2H,NCH 2OH,m),4.77~4.84(2H,NCH 2OH,m),3.22~3.28(CH,s,1H)ppm.
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)4-(十二烷氧基)苯甲酸甲酯(化合物14a,代号LFC12-Ben-5FU)的制备
在冰浴条件下,向50ml的烧杯中加入干燥的无水乙腈15ml,依次加入化合物1,3-二羟甲基-5-氟尿嘧啶(2,0.38g,2.0mmol)、对十二烷氧基苯甲酸(736mg,2.4mmol)、DCC(2.8mmol,0.55g)和DMAP(0.13mmol,16mg)。保持在0℃下搅拌反应1小时后,自然升温至室温,继续搅拌反应24小时,过滤除去沉淀后,减压浓缩滤液,将残渣溶于50ml乙酸乙酯中,依次用稀盐酸、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和食盐水分别洗涤,合并得到的有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥4小时,减压除去溶剂。乙酸乙酯和石油醚(1:1,v:v)进行重结晶,得到白色固体14a,产率为87%。ESI-MS m/z:449.3[M+H]+;C24H33FN2O5(448.24).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.38~8.37(d,1H,NH),8.01~7.99(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),7.81~7.80(d,J=4Hz,1H,CH),6.93~6.91(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),5.86(s,2H,CH2),4.03~4.00(t,J=8Hz,2H,CH2),1.83~1.76(m,2H,CH2),1.47~1.42(m,2H,CH2),1.32~1.26(m,16H,C8H16),0.90~0.86(t,J=8Hz,3H,CH3).
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)甲基4-(十四烷氧基)苯甲酸酯(化合物14b,代号LFC14-Ben-5FU)的制备
采用与化合物14a相似的方法,化合物14b收率为66.7%。ESI-MS m/z:477.5[M+H]+;C26H37N2O5(476.27).1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.53~8.52(d,1H,NH),8.01~7.99(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),7.81~7.79(d,J=4Hz,1H,CH),6.93~6.91(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),5.86(s,2H,CH2),4.03~4.00(t,J=8Hz,2H,CH2),1.83~1.76(m,2H,CH2),1.49~1.42(m,2H,CH2),1.37~1.23(m,20H,C10H20),0.90~0.86(t,J=8Hz,3H,CH3).
(5-氟-2,4-二氧基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)甲基4-(十六烷氧基)苯甲酸酯(化合物14c,代号LFC16-Ben-5FU)的制备
采用与化合物14a相似的方法,化合物14c收率为55.8%。ESI-MS m/z:505.5[M+H]+;C28H41FN2O5(504.30).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.47~8.4(d,1H,NH),8.01~7.99(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),7.80~7.79(d,J=4Hz,1H,CH),6.93~6.91(d,J=8Hz,2H,2CH),5.86(s,2H,CH2),4.03~4.00(t,J=8Hz,2H,CH2),1.82~1.76(m,2H,CH),1.47~1.26(m,24H,C12H24),0.90~0.86(t,J=8Hz,3H,CH3).
实施例6:实施例1化合物体外抑制肿瘤细胞增殖实验
(1)实验方法:取对数生长期的肿瘤细胞,用胰酶消化制成单细胞悬液,细胞计数,按每孔5000个细胞稀释,均匀接种于96孔板上,每孔100μL。另设空白对照:仅有相同体积培养基;阴性对照:只加细胞悬液、不加药。72小时后,吸掉96孔板中的培养基,向实验孔中加入100μL不同浓度的待测化合物,每个浓度设定4个复孔,阴性对照孔和空白对照孔分别加入100μL培养基。在37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中孵育24h后,每孔弃去100μL后,加入含有10%CCK8的培养基100μL,再在37℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育1.5h后,用多功能酶标仪(BioTek)测定在450nm时的OD值,然后再进行数据处理。
(2)计算抑制率:抑制率=(阴性对照组OD值-实验组OD值)/(阴性对照组OD值-空白组OD值),用Graphpadprism 8软件计算IC50值。
(3)实验结果:本发明实施例所列化合物对SJSA-1,MDA-MB-231和MCF-7三株肿瘤细胞的抗增殖作用如图1所示。所有的实施例1化合物均表现出显著的抗肿瘤增殖效果,尤其以12碳、14碳、16碳修饰的化合物抗肿瘤增殖效果最优。
实施例7:实施例2化合物(代号FA-Taxol)体内抗肿瘤活性
(1)实验方法:原位接种SKOV-3(卵巢癌细胞)的无胸腺移植瘤裸鼠分成三组,每组3只。当肿瘤生长至100mm3时,分别给予腹腔注射给药紫杉醇和实施例2化合物(FA-Taxol),给药天数如图2中箭头所示。37℃恒温条件下,每只裸鼠一周腹腔注射两次药物,按照分子量同等重量下计算出注射剂量为FA-Taxol(7.3μg/kg),Taxol(0.146μg/kg),每次在30分钟内完成注射。每周测量两次肿瘤的体积,用肿瘤体积±SEM(mm3)来记录结果。
(2)实验结果:由图2可知,经LFC修饰后的药物FA-Taxol的体内抗肿瘤效果远高于原药紫杉醇Taxol。
实施例8:实施例5化合物(代号LFC12-Ben-5FU和LFC14-Ben-5FU)体内抗肿瘤活性
采用MDA-MB-231(乳腺癌细胞)裸鼠移植瘤模型,实验方法同实施例7,结果如图3所示。可见经LFC修饰的5FU衍生物LFC12-Ben-5FU和LFC14-Ben-5FU的体内抑制肿瘤活性显著高于原药5FU。
实施例9:化合物LFC12-MTX、FA-MTX-C、FA-MTX-A、LFC12-MTZ以及FA-B-12C与抑癌蛋白p53的协同体内抗肿瘤活性
采用SJSA-1(人骨肉瘤细胞)裸鼠移植瘤模型,实验方法同实施例7,结果如图4所示。可见经LFC修饰的MTX衍生物LFC12-MTX、FA-MTX-C和FA-MTX-A;经LFC修饰的MTZ衍生物LFC12-MTZ的体内抑制肿瘤活性显著高于各自的原药MTX和MTZ。此外,我们还考察了体外活性优良的LFC修饰的5FU衍生物FA-5FU-B-12C与抑癌蛋白p53的协同抗肿瘤效果。图4中可见,FA-5FU-B-12C与p53有良好的协同抗肿瘤效果,且优于抑癌蛋白p53。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.十二烷基3-甲基-4-氧基-3,4-二氢咪唑[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸酯在制备抗骨肉瘤药物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗骨肉瘤药物的剂型为口服制剂或肠胃外给药制剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述口服制剂或肠胃外给药制剂选自片剂、丸剂、胶囊或注射剂。
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WO2006032190A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-30 | Tian Jin Tasly Group Co., Ltd. | Composition pharmaceutique comprenant un ester de temozolomide |
CN114014862A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-02-08 | 烟台大学 | 一种治疗脑胶质瘤的新化合物及其制备和应用 |
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WO2006032190A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-30 | Tian Jin Tasly Group Co., Ltd. | Composition pharmaceutique comprenant un ester de temozolomide |
CN114014862A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-02-08 | 烟台大学 | 一种治疗脑胶质瘤的新化合物及其制备和应用 |
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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Antitumor Lipophilic Prodrugs Aimed to Glioblastoma Treatment: Preliminary Studies on Cultured Cells;Laura Annovazzi,等;《J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.》;第17卷(第5期);第3606-3614页 * |
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