CN115259937A - Special foliar fertilizer for flower and fruit retention of camellia oleifera and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special foliar fertilizer for flower and fruit retention of camellia oleifera and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115259937A CN115259937A CN202210757260.8A CN202210757260A CN115259937A CN 115259937 A CN115259937 A CN 115259937A CN 202210757260 A CN202210757260 A CN 202210757260A CN 115259937 A CN115259937 A CN 115259937A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of fertilizers. Comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid. By adopting the technical scheme, the problems that the existing foliar fertilizer solution is difficult to prepare, complicated to operate, and poor in preparation, flower and fruit drop still occur, the growth of plants is influenced by medicament residues, and the flower and fruit retention effect of camellia oleifera is weakened are solved; the camellia oleifera abel flower-protecting agent is sprayed in the flowering phase and the fruit phase of camellia oleifera abel, the growth of the spring tips and the flower bud differentiation of the camellia oleifera abel are promoted, the flower and fruit protecting rate of the camellia oleifera abel is obviously improved, an important improvement effect is achieved on the quality and the yield of a camellia oleifera abel forest, and the aim of high and stable yield of the camellia oleifera abel forest is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special foliar fertilizer for flower and fruit retention of camellia oleifera and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera) is usually a tree or a small tree. The camellia oleifera is mainly distributed in subtropical mountain areas (more than 600 counties in 15 provinces such as Zhejiang, guangxi and Hunan) in China, and is one of the main woody oil plant species in China. However, the phenomena of flower and fruit dropping, low fruit setting rate, low yield and the like of the camellia oleifera forest commonly exist. As the flowers and fruits of the camellia oleifera do not branch off all the year round and the demand on nutrients is high, the leaves and fruits can quickly absorb the nutrients by spraying the foliar fertilizer with reasonable concentration ratio, the fruit growth is promoted, the fruit drop rate can be reduced, and the yield is improved. The existing leaf fertilizer special for the oil tea is prepared by stewing a plurality of raw materials, is complex to operate, and is easy to remain on leaf surfaces after being sprayed, so that the photosynthesis of the oil tea is influenced. Therefore, the leaf fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera, which can promote the growth of the spring tips of the camellia oleifera, effectively prevent the flower and fruit dropping of the camellia oleifera and is simple and easy to prepare, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of oil-tea camellia and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing foliar fertilizer solution is difficult to prepare, complicated to operate, and poor in preparation, flower and fruit fall still occur, the growth of plants is influenced by medicament residue, and the flower and fruit protecting effect of oil-tea camellia is weakened.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Further, 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid are dissolved in 10 ten thousand parts of water to prepare a solution.
Furthermore, a proper amount of ethanol is added before the 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid and the 1-naphthylacetic acid are mixed and stirred.
Further, the use method of the special foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying 1-2 times in bud period and 3-4 times in fruit period, wherein every 7-10 days, spraying special foliar fertilizer solution with a sprayer until the leaves drip, and uniformly spraying the special foliar fertilizer solution on the front and back sides of the leaves and fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this scheme:
1. the special foliar fertilizer for the oil tea has the advantages of simple raw materials, no need of cooking, simple preparation and direct dissolution and spraying; compared with soil fertilizers, the foliar fertilizer has the characteristic of high absorption speed, can quickly supplement nutrients required by plants in the flowering phase and the fruit phase, and improves the fruit retention rate and the flower retention rate.
2. According to the invention, substances required by plant vegetative growth and related plant growth regulators are mixed in different proportions to prepare the special foliar fertilizer for the camellia oleifera, wherein 2, 4-parachlorophenoxy acetic acid can improve the pollination fertilization rate and reduce the flower and fruit dropping of the camellia oleifera; the boric acid and the borax can promote the elongation of the camellia oleifera pollen tube in the flowering phase so as to improve the pollination success rate, and can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate in the fruit phase so as to improve the oil yield; the monopotassium phosphate can promote the growth of the oil tea, has a remarkable promotion effect on flower bud differentiation, and has a good effect of improving the fruiting rate and the yield of the oil tea; the use of 1-naphthylacetic acid can increase the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar, and simultaneously improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme of plants; the treatment effect varies from scale to scale and from configuration to configuration. The foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering phase and the fruit phase of the camellia oleifera, so that the flower falling rate and the fruit falling rate of the camellia oleifera are obviously reduced, and an important improvement effect is achieved on the improvement of the quality and the yield of a camellia oleifera forest; provides technical guidance for the actual production of the camellia oleifera in future, provides powerful support for the innovative research of the flower and fruit retention technology, and promotes high and stable yield of camellia oleifera forest.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
example 1
A special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of oil tea comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid. The preparation method of the special foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid are dissolved in 10 ten thousand parts of water to prepare a solution. Wherein 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid are added with a proper amount of ethanol for dissolving aid before being mixed and stirred.
Selecting oil tea trees with basically consistent growth conditions, selecting sunny and windless weather, spraying the special foliar fertilizer solution prepared by the method for four times in the oil tea fruit period until the leaves drip, and uniformly spraying the special foliar fertilizer solution on the front and back sides of the leaves and fruits at intervals of 7-10 days.
In order to improve the fruit retention rate, a special foliar fertilizer with a better effect is prepared, and 8 fruit retention tests (including control) on the ash soft common camellia oleifera in 2018 spring in Guangzhou Zengchenning west scientific research base and Qingyuan Meilin lake camellia oleifera base are carried out. Three replicates each were processed, three trees each.
Basic conditions of fertilization: in the oil tea fruit period, the oil tea is sprayed for 4 times in 26 days in 3 months, 2 days in 4 months, 10 days in 4 months and 20 days in 4 months.
Control group (CK): 15L of clear water;
treatment 1 (a): 3 parts of parachlorophenoxyacetic acid (anti-falling element), 10 parts of boric acid, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 2 (B): 3 parts of parachlorophenoxy acetic acid (anti-falling agent), 5 parts of NAA,10 parts of boric acid, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 3 (C): 5 parts of NAA,10 parts of boric acid, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 4 (D): 10 parts of gibberellin, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 5 (E): 1 part of 2,4-D,300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 6 (F): 5 parts of NAA,300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 7 (G): 3 parts of parachlorophenoxy acetic acid (anti-falling agent), 5 parts of NAA,300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water.
The fruit retention rate of the camellia oleifera treated by the treatments 1 to 7 and the control group is shown in the following table 1:
table 1: fruit retention rate of oil-tea trees treated differently
As can be seen from Table 1, the blank control fruit retention rate of the common oil tea in Guangzhou Zengchening Xiji field can reach 59.18%, the fruit retention rate after being treated by the special foliar fertilizer solution is the highest as that of the treatment 2, the fruit retention rate is 70.49%, which is 1.91 times of that of the blank control, and the fruit retention rate of other treatments is obviously higher than that of the blank control.
The blank control fruit retention rate of the common camellia oleifera in the Qingyuan Meilin lake camellia oleifera base is 45.20%, the fruit retention rate after being treated by the special foliar fertilizer solution is as high as 6, the fruit retention rate is 62.10%, which is 1.37 times of the blank control, and the fruit retention rates of other treatments are higher than the blank control.
Since the fruit number survey of the Guangzhou Zengning west base is at the end of 6 months, the fruit preservation rate of each treatment is higher than that of the Qingyuan Meilin lake oil tea base. 3 parts of anticrossing agent, 5 parts of NAA,10 parts of boric acid, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 ten thousand of clear water (treatment 2), 5 parts of NAA,300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand of clear water (treatment 6) can deduce that the NAA and the monopotassium phosphate play an important role in the growth process of the camellia oleifera fruit stage.
Example 2
A special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0-2 parts of 2, 4-p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0-100 parts of borax. The preparation method of the special foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: the raw materials with the mixture ratio are added with 10 ten thousand portions of water and stirred and mixed evenly, wherein 2,4-D and NAA can be dissolved by adding a proper amount of ethanol.
Selecting oil tea trees with basically consistent growth conditions, selecting sunny and calm weather, spraying for 1-2 times in bud period and 3-4 times in fruit period until the leaves drip, and uniformly spraying the liquid medicine on the leaves and fruits at intervals of 7-10 days.
In order to improve the fruit retention rate, a special foliar fertilizer with better effect is prepared, and based on the test result of the previous year, 10 flower retention and fruit retention tests (including a control) are carried out on the common camellia oleifera with ash in Qingyuan Meilin lake camellia base in spring of 2021. Three replicates each were processed, three trees each. At the beginning of the third month and at the end of the fourth month, 3 branches with good growth vigor are randomly selected in three directions of the camellia oleifera tree, and the spring tips on the branches are used as indexes of the spring tips of the camellia oleifera and are measured by a vernier caliper.
And comprehensively evaluating and sequencing the flower retention rate and the fruit retention rate of different leaf fertilizer treatments of the camellia oleifera by using an average membership function method. The membership function is calculated by the formula: u (X)ij)＝(Xij－Xmin)/(Xmax－Xmin) In the formula XijIs a certain index value, X, of a certain processmin、XmaxThe minimum and maximum values in the index for a certain process, respectively.
Basic conditions of fertilization: in the oil tea fruit period, the oil tea is sprayed for 4 times in 24 days in 3 months, 30 days in 3 months, 14 days in 4 months and 29 days in 4 months.
In the bud period of the oil tea, the spray is sprayed for 2 times in 9 months, 30 days and 10 months, 11 days.
Control group (CK): 10 ten thousand portions of clear water;
treatment 1 (T1): 1 part of NAA,400 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 2 (T2): 1 part of NAA,50 parts of borax, 200 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 3 (T3): 1 part of NAA,100 parts of borax, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 4 (T4): 5 parts of NAA,200 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 5 (T5): 5 parts of NAA,50 parts of borax, 300 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 6 (T6): 5 parts of NAA,100 parts of borax, 400 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 7 (T7): 10 parts of NAA,300 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 8 (T8): 10 parts of NAA,50 parts of borax, 400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water;
treatment 9 (T9): 10 parts of NAA,100 parts of borax, 200 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of 2,4-D and 10 ten thousand parts of clear water.
Table 2: l is9(34) Orthogonal experimental design
The flower and fruit retention rate of the camellia oleifera treated by the treatments 1-9 and the control group is shown in the following table 3:
table 3: flower and fruit retention rate of camellia oleifera trees treated differently
The relative ranks of the camellia oleifera trees after the treatments 1-9 and the control group are shown in the following table 4:
table 4: visual analysis and comprehensive sequencing of flower and fruit retention effects of oil-tea trees by different treatments
As can be seen from Table 3, the flower retention rate of the common tea-oil tree CK in Qingyuan Meilin lake tea-oil tree base is 84.10%, the flower retention rate after being treated by the special foliar fertilizer solution is the highest as that of treatment 2, and the flower retention rate is 98.77% and is 1.17 times of CK. From the flower retention rate results, the flower retention effect of each treatment was ranked as T2> T5> T8> T4> T9> T7> T6= T1> T3> CK.
Compared with the treatment 1, the treatment 2 improves the concentration of 2,4-D, increases the borax raw material, reduces the concentrations of borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate compared with the treatment 3, increases the concentration of 2,4-D raw material, and can obviously improve the flower retention rate of the oil tea; treatment 7 improves the concentration of NAA and 2,4-D on the basis of treatment 1, and only slightly improves the flower retention rate; the treatment 8 improves the concentration of NAA on the basis of the treatment 3, reduces the concentrations of borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and greatly improves the flower retention rate; the flower retention rates of the treatment 5, the treatment 6 and the treatment 9 are improved to different degrees compared with CK, and the flower retention rate of each treatment is higher than that of blank control, so that the foliar fertilizer can effectively reduce the flower falling phenomenon of the camellia oleifera in the flowering phase and improve the flower retention rate.
The fruit retention rate of CK of the common oil tea in Qingyuan Meilin lake oil tea base is 41.60%, the fruit retention rate after being treated by the special foliar fertilizer solution is highest as that of treatment 2, the fruit retention rate is 79.78% and is 1.92 times of CK, and the fruit retention rates of other treatments except treatment 9 are higher than that of CK.
From the fruit retention rate results, T2 is 38.18% higher than CK, T8 is 31.83% higher than CK, T9 is 2.51% lower than CK, and the fruit retention effect of the treatments is ranked as T4> T6> T7> T3> T8> T2> T1> T5> CK > T9. The anti-fruit drop effect of the treatment 2 and the treatment 8 is the best, the concentration of NAA is added on the basis of the treatment 2 in the treatment 6, the concentration of borax and monopotassium phosphate is improved, and the fruit retention rate of the oil tea is reduced by 11.22%; the treatment 9 adds 2,4-D raw materials on the basis of the treatment 8, improves the borax concentration and reduces the fruit retention rate of the oil tea by 34.34 percent; the simultaneous mixing and preparation of the NAA and the 2,4-D raw materials are proved to have certain antagonistic action on the growth and development of the camellia oleifera fruit. Except for the treatment 9, the fruit retention rate of other treatments is higher than that of a blank control, so that the foliar fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of the camellia oleifera fruits in a proper proportion, and a better fruit retention effect is achieved.
As can be seen from Table 4, the first of the overall sequences was 1 part NAA,50 parts borax, 200 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts 2,4-D,10 ten thousand parts clear water (treatment 2). Factor B had the greatest range (R), so borax had the strongest effect on this test. The comparative analysis of the R value can show that the influence of the 4 factors on the flower and fruit protecting effect of the camellia oleifera is sequentially B (borax), D (2, 4-D), A (NAA) and C (monopotassium phosphate) from large to small. The optimal combination of the flower and fruit retention of the camellia oleifera can be deduced to be B2D3A1C3 (50 parts of borax, 2 parts of 2,4-D,1 part of NAA and 400 parts of monopotassium phosphate) by a membership function method.
The spring shoot lengths of the camellia oleifera treated by the treatments 1 to 9 and the control group are shown in the following table 5:
table 5: tea tree spring shoot length of different treatments
From the spring tip length, the tip length change sizes of the treatments are ordered as T7> T4> T3> T2> T6> T5> T8> T9> CK > T1. The longest early spring shoot length was 79.19 (treatment 2), and the shortest early spring shoot length was 47.98 (treatment 9); the longest spring shoot length was 195.81 (treatment 7), and the shortest spring shoot length was 126.24 (treatment 9); compared with other treatments, the treatment 2 has the longest average spring shoot length in March, which indicates that the tree body is sufficiently nutritious, more nutrients support the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree body, and the flower retention rate and the fruit retention rate of the treatment 2 are the highest, which indicates that the nutrition, the flower formation rate and the fruit retention rate of the tree body are complementary. The lengths of spring tips of the treated tree 9 in March and April are the shortest, which shows that the treated camellia oleifera of the treated tree 9 has relatively deficient nutrition compared with other treatments, and the fruit retention rate is the lowest, so that the idea is further confirmed. The flower and fruit retention of the plant can be achieved only under the condition of a certain tree body nutrition level, and the tree body nutrition and the flower and fruit retention are closely related. Except for the treatment 1, the change of the tip length of other treatments is larger than that of a blank control, so that the foliar fertilizer can provide nutrient growth and related substance nutrients for reproductive growth for the oil tea in a proper proportion, promote the spring tip growth and flower bud differentiation of the oil tea, and improve the flower retention rate and the fruit retention rate.
The above are merely examples of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and/or characteristics of the schemes has not been described herein in more detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of oil tea is characterized in that: comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid.
2. The preparation method of the special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 1-10 parts of 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0-100 parts of borax, 200-400 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0-2 parts of 2, 4-p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid are dissolved in 10 ten thousand parts of water to prepare a solution.
3. The preparation method of the special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: 2, 4-parachlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid are mixed and stirred, and then a proper amount of ethanol is added for dissolution.
4. The preparation method of the special foliar fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits of camellia oleifera according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the application method of the special foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: spraying 1-2 times in bud period and 3-4 times in fruit period, wherein every 7-10 days, spraying special foliar fertilizer solution with a sprayer until the leaves drip, and uniformly spraying the special foliar fertilizer solution on the front and back sides of the leaves and fruits.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355826A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-18 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Special foliage fertilizer for Jiangxi camellia oleifera |
| CN105036926A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 湖南天华油茶科技股份有限公司 | Foliar nutrient special for tea-oil trees and application thereof |
| CN109265232A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南林之神生物科技有限公司 | A kind of liquid formulations being exclusively used in tea oil tree are fertile and its apply |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355826A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-18 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Special foliage fertilizer for Jiangxi camellia oleifera |
| CN105036926A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 湖南天华油茶科技股份有限公司 | Foliar nutrient special for tea-oil trees and application thereof |
| CN109265232A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南林之神生物科技有限公司 | A kind of liquid formulations being exclusively used in tea oil tree are fertile and its apply |
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