CN115259559B - Comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural aggregation area - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural aggregation area Download PDFInfo
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
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- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/15—N03-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage in rural areas and farmland drainage, which comprises a sewage collecting tank, a reinforced purifying pond and a water quality guaranteeing pond, wherein the sewage collecting tank is used for collecting the domestic sewage; the sewage collecting tank, the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality guaranteeing pond are connected in sequence; collecting sewage to a sewage collecting tank by using an original rural domestic sewage pipeline for aeration and stirring; simultaneously, reconstructing part of farmland drainage ditches; the domestic sewage and farmland drainage are introduced into the enhanced purification pond together for treatment through the sewage collecting tank and the farmland drainage ditch, and the treated water is discharged into the water quality assurance pond for further treatment; after being treated by the water quality guaranteeing pond, 30% -60% of effluent flows back to the enhanced purifying pond, and the rest is discharged into the adjacent river. The invention fully utilizes the existing rural sewage collection pipe network and farmland drainage ditch, is matched with an ecological purification method and tail water handling measures, has low energy consumption, effectively and stably degrades pollutants, and provides an effective method for comprehensively treating domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural gathering areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas.
Background
Compared with a relatively perfect urban sewage treatment system and facility, the rural domestic sewage treatment facility has a relatively small scale and lacks professional operation management personnel, and the phenomenon that the rural domestic sewage treatment facility cannot normally operate after a period of operation often occurs. Meanwhile, farmland cultivation is an indispensable link in rural production and life. During farmland cultivation, especially in paddy field fertilization, a large amount of farmland drainage is produced. Such untreated sewage is discharged into the water body of the adjacent river channel, and the quality of the surface water is reduced. How to effectively treat rural domestic sewage and farmland drainage is an important problem for improving rural living environment.
At present, a large number of related patents and papers for rural domestic sewage and farmland drainage exist, such as an integrated sewage treatment device, a farmland drainage ditch and the like. The rural domestic sewage discharge has obvious time interval, and the integrated treatment device or equipment always presents the problems of good short-term operation effect and poor long-term operation effect in the use process, and needs professional personnel to carry out maintenance in the use process. The conventional farmland drainage ditch does not consider the purification effect on pollution. The ecological drainage ditch can remove a part of pollutants, but the removal effect of the ecological drainage ditch fluctuates greatly, for example, in the use process, the attenuation of vegetation can obviously influence the purification effect.
The Chinese published invention patent CN113800641A refers to an agricultural river basin non-point source pollutant reduction and reuse ecological management design method for blending domestic sewage. By respectively collecting and treating domestic sewage and farmland drainage, a multi-process purification and multi-stage accumulation non-point source pollution ecological treatment system for an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, a water storage pond and the like is established, and multi-process and multi-stage purification and resource recycling of non-point source pollution sources are realized. In practice, the discharge frequency of domestic sewage is significantly higher than that of agricultural watershed non-point source pollution, so that the constructed ecological ditch system is in an unoperated state for most of the time. In addition, in the using process, the method also needs to arrange a water storage tank at intervals of 5-10 m in the center of the ecological ditch, so that the operation is complicated, and meanwhile, the problem of sedimentation of the pond needs to be noted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system capable of simultaneously treating domestic sewage in rural areas and farmland drainage and removing pollutants greatly.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas comprises a sewage collecting tank for collecting domestic sewage, a reinforced purifying pond and a water quality guaranteeing pond; the sewage collecting tank, the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality guaranteeing pond are connected in sequence;
collecting sewage to a sewage collecting tank by using an original rural domestic sewage pipeline for aeration and stirring; simultaneously, reconstructing part of farmland drainage ditches; the domestic sewage and farmland drainage are introduced into the enhanced purification pond together for treatment through the sewage collecting tank and the farmland drainage ditch, and the treated water is discharged into the water quality assurance pond for further treatment; after being treated by the water quality guaranteeing pond, 30% -60% of the effluent flows back to the enhanced purifying pond, and the rest of the effluent is discharged into the adjacent river.
Specifically, the enhanced purifying pond consists of a diversion purifying area, an aquatic vegetation purifying area and a reflux purifying area; the three areas are separated by a soil ridge with the width of 50-80 cm; the aquatic vegetation purifying area is positioned in the middle area of the enhanced purifying pond, the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area are arranged on the side surface of the aquatic vegetation purifying area and flow oppositely along the outer side of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, and the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area flow together into the aquatic vegetation purifying area after being collected;
the diversion purification area is sequentially provided with a domestic sewage inlet and a farmland drainage inlet along the water flow direction;
and the reflux purification area is communicated with the water quality guarantee pond in a reflux way.
Preferably, reed is planted in the diversion purification area and used for primarily degrading pollutants in the sewage; the cane shoots and typha are planted in the range of 1 meter at the inner periphery of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, the growth range of the cane shoots and typha is controlled by using a purse net, and floating plants duckweed are planted in the rest aquatic vegetation purifying area, so that a large amount of pollutants in sewage are purified.
Specifically, the reflux purification zone consists of a plant decomposition zone, a mineral purification zone and an activated carbon adsorption zone, which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; the water quality guaranteeing pond backwater water sequentially enters a plant decomposition area, a mineral purification area and an activated carbon adsorption area; cobbles are placed at the bottom of the reflux purification zone, and plant residues, minerals and activated carbon at the upper part of the reflux purification zone are supported; the three functional areas are separated by a water baffle, in order to enable the backflow water to fully contact with plant residues, minerals and active carbon in the backflow purification area, short flow is reduced, holes are formed in the upper third parts of the water baffle of the plant decomposition area and the mining area purification area along the water flow direction, holes are formed in the lower third parts of the water baffle of the mineral purification area and the active carbon adsorption area, and holes are formed in the upper third parts of the baffle plates of the active carbon adsorption area.
Specifically, plants in the plant decomposition area are reed harvested in the diversion purification area, the plant decomposition area is placed as carbon after harvesting, dissolved oxygen in the water flowing back in the water quality guarantee pond is consumed, and nitrate is removed through denitrification.
Specifically, mineral fillers such as siderite, iron shavings and zeolite are placed in the mineral purification zone, so that nitrate can be effectively removed when the content of organic matters released by the plant decomposition zone is low, and phosphorus in the backwater water of the water quality guarantee pond is removed; in the filler, the volume ratio of siderite, iron shavings and zeolite is in the range of 5:4:1-8:1:1.
Specifically, the activated carbon adsorption area is filled with granular activated carbon filler, and pollutants which are continuously adsorbed and released by utilizing the adsorption performance of the activated carbon effectively buffer the water quality fluctuation entering the aquatic vegetation purification area.
Further, the ducks are bred in the enhanced purification pond to control the growth of duckweed; when the duckweed coverage area exceeds 2/3, the duckweed is bred to control the biomass of the duckweed, and the duckweed coverage area is ensured to be not lower than 1/5 of the area of the aquatic vegetation area.
Specifically, the shallow water area around the water quality guarantee pond is 50-80 cm, and the deep water area in the middle is more than 2 m; the periphery of the water quality guarantee pond is connected with a slope of 15-30 degrees, so that the problem of siltation can be effectively relieved, and a certain volume is amplified for the water quality guarantee pond.
Specifically, an aerobic biomembrane device and an ecological floating bed are placed in the water quality guarantee pond to further purify pollutants and guarantee that the effluent reaches the standard;
the aerobic biomembrane device is assembled by a plurality of detachable biomembrane chamber monomers, the biomembrane chamber monomers are connected through press riveting screws, a suspension carrier is filled in the biomembrane chamber, the filling amount is 40-80%, and the openings at the two ends are fixed by adopting a wire mesh; the top of the aerobic biomembrane device is arranged on the floating body and is suspended in the water body under the action of the floating body; an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic biomembrane device and is connected with an external air source through an air inlet pipe;
the ecological floating bed comprises a floating bed bracket at the middle part and suspension parts at the periphery; the hanging component is a small-hole fishing net, and a phosphorus adsorption material is placed in the hanging component; the middle part of the floating bed support is used for growing floating plants.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The system of the invention fully utilizes the original rural sewage discharge pipe and farmland drainage ditch to collect sewage. Part of farmland drainage ditches are transformed, so that farmland drainage can be connected into a purification system. When no farmland is drained, the system treats domestic sewage, the micro-power collecting tank collects the domestic sewage, and then the domestic sewage is discharged into the enhanced purifying pond, and various aquatic plants and domestic ducks in the enhanced purifying pond are greatly removed from pollutants in the sewage; when farmland drainage exists, the farmland drainage enters the enhanced purification pond to be purified together with domestic sewage. The sewage treated by the enhanced purifying pond enters a water quality guarantee pond and is further treated by an aerobic biomembrane device and an ecological floating bed in the water quality guarantee pond so as to achieve stable and effective treatment effect. And (3) partially refluxing the treated wastewater into a reinforced purifying pond for treatment, and reinforcing the treatment effect under the combined action of adsorption and denitrification of plant residues and minerals, wherein the rest water quality ensures that the pond effluent is directly discharged into a nearby river channel.
(2) The system can treat rural domestic sewage independently and simultaneously treat farmland drainage without constructing various treatment facilities independently; fully utilizing the original sewage pipeline and farmland drainage ditches, and only modifying part of the drainage ditches to enable farmland drainage to be connected into the treatment system; the water quality is purified by various aquatic plants and minerals, so that the energy consumption in the pollution purification process is reduced; the duckweed in the oxidation pond is controlled by utilizing the grazing of the domestic ducks, so that the duckweed is more natural and ecological; the assembled detachable aerobic biomembrane device and the ecological floating bed are utilized, so that the operation is convenient, flexible and changeable; a deepwater area is distributed in the middle of the water quality guarantee pond, so that the problem of pool fouling can be effectively relieved.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced purification pond.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reflux purification zone in an enhanced purification pond.
Fig. 4-1 through 4-3 are schematic views of various baffles of the reflux purification zone.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a water quality assurance pond.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a biofilm chamber cell.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an aerobic biofilm apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an ecological floating bed.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the integrated treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas according to the present invention comprises a sewage collection tank for collecting domestic sewage, a reinforced purification pond and a water quality assurance pond; the sewage collecting tank, the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality guaranteeing pond are sequentially connected.
Collecting sewage to a sewage collecting tank by using an original rural domestic sewage pipeline for aeration and stirring; simultaneously, reconstructing part of farmland drainage ditches; the domestic sewage and farmland drainage are introduced into the enhanced purification pond together for treatment through the sewage collecting tank and the farmland drainage ditch, and the treated water is discharged into the water quality assurance pond for further treatment; after being treated by the water quality guaranteeing pond, 30% -60% of the effluent flows back to the enhanced purifying pond, and the rest of the effluent is discharged into the adjacent river.
The aeration and stirring in the sewage collecting tank can be continuously operated or intermittently operated.
As shown in figure 2, the enhanced purifying pond consists of a diversion purifying area, an aquatic vegetation purifying area and a reflux purifying area, which are separated by a ridge with the width of 50-80 cm; the aquatic vegetation purifying area is located in the middle area of the enhanced purifying pond, the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area are arranged on the side face of the aquatic vegetation purifying area and flow oppositely along the outer side of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, and the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area flow together into the aquatic vegetation purifying area after being collected.
The diversion purification area is sequentially provided with a domestic sewage inlet and a farmland drainage inlet along the water flow direction;
and the reflux purification area is communicated with the water quality guarantee pond in a reflux way.
Reed is planted in the diversion purification area and used for primarily degrading pollutants in sewage; the cane shoots and typha are planted in the range of 1 meter at the inner periphery of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, the growth range of the cane shoots and typha is controlled by using a purse net, and floating plants duckweed are planted in the rest aquatic vegetation purifying area, so that a large amount of pollutants in sewage are purified.
As shown in fig. 3, the reflux purification zone consists of a plant decomposition zone, a mineral purification zone and an activated carbon adsorption zone, which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; the water quality guaranteeing pond backwater water sequentially enters a plant decomposition area, a mineral purification area and an activated carbon adsorption area; cobbles are placed at the bottom of the reflux purification zone, and plant residues, minerals and activated carbon at the upper part of the reflux purification zone are supported.
The plants in the plant decomposition area are reed harvested in the diversion purification area, the plant decomposition area is placed as a carbon source after harvesting, dissolved oxygen in the backwater water of the water quality guarantee pond is consumed, and nitrate is removed by denitrification.
Mineral fillers such as siderite, iron shavings and zeolite are placed in the mineral purification area, so that when the content of organic matters released by the plant decomposition area is low, nitrate can be effectively removed, and meanwhile, phosphorus in the backwater water of the water quality guarantee pond is removed; in the filler, the volume ratio of siderite, iron shavings and zeolite is in the range of 5:4:1-8:1:1.
The activated carbon adsorption area is filled with granular activated carbon filler, and pollutants are continuously adsorbed and released by utilizing the adsorption performance of the activated carbon, so that water quality fluctuation entering the aquatic vegetation purification area is effectively buffered.
Further, the ducks in the purifying pond are bred in an intensified manner to control the growth of duckweed; when the duckweed coverage area exceeds 2/3, the duckweed is bred to control the biomass of the duckweed, and the duckweed coverage area is ensured to be not lower than 1/5 of the area of the aquatic vegetation area.
As shown in fig. 4-1 to 4-3, several water baffles exhibit different designs and installations. Wherein, FIG. 4-1 is a schematic view of the water baffle between the plant decomposition area and the mineral purification area, only the upper third part near the end part of the plant decomposition area is provided with holes, and FIG. 4-2 is the water baffle between the mineral purification area and the activated carbon adsorption area, and the bottom third part is provided with holes; fig. 4-3 show the water baffle at the water outlet of the activated carbon adsorption zone, with a hole in the upper third. The size and density of the pores are appropriately selected, preferably pore diameters of 2 mm to 5 mm. The water baffle is provided with holes so that the backflow water can fully contact with plant residues, minerals and active carbon in the backflow purification area, and short flow is reduced.
As shown in figure 5, the shallow water area around the water quality guarantee pond is 50-80 cm, and the deep water area in the middle is more than 2 m; the periphery of the water quality guarantee pond is connected with a slope of 15-30 degrees, so that the problem of siltation can be effectively relieved, and a certain volume is amplified for the water quality guarantee pond. An aerobic biomembrane device and an ecological floating bed are arranged in the water quality guarantee pond to further purify pollutants and guarantee that the yielding water reaches the standard.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the aerobic biomembrane device is assembled by a plurality of detachable biomembrane chamber monomers, the biomembrane chamber is connected by press riveting screws, suspension carriers such as polyurethane foam, K3, K5 and other fluidization fillers are filled in the biomembrane chamber, the filling amount is 40-80%, and the two end openings are fixed by adopting wire meshes; the top of the aerobic biomembrane device is arranged on the floating body and is suspended in the water body under the action of the floating body; an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic biomembrane device and is connected with an external air source through an air inlet pipe.
As shown in fig. 8, the ecological floating bed comprises a floating bed bracket at the middle part and surrounding hanging parts; the floating bed support is formed by assembling PVC pipes and matched elbows, a fishing net is matched in the middle of the floating bed support to connect the floating bed support, and floating plants are placed on the fishing net to grow and propagate freely, so that water quality is purified. When the floating plants grow in large quantity and occupy the whole floating bed, removing part of the floating plants on the floating bed. The hanging parts are small-hole fishing nets, and iron-rich phosphorus adsorption materials, preferably spherical or blocky, are placed in the hanging parts and are replaced periodically; the middle part of the floating bed support is used for growing floating plants and harvesting the floating plants timely.
The system fully utilizes the original rural sewage discharge pipe and farmland drainage ditch to collect sewage. Under the combined purification effect of adsorption and denitrification of various aquatic plants, ducks and minerals in the enhanced purification pond, pollutants are removed greatly, and the water quality purification effect is further stabilized under the combined effect of an aerobic biomembrane device and an ecological floating bed in the water quality guarantee pond. The method has small engineering quantity in the application process and is simple and feasible to operate.
Example 1
More than 40 households in a village, about 200 people. And after the domestic sewage is connected into the micro-power collecting tank, discharging the domestic sewage into the oxidation pond. The micro-power collecting tank works by 8 to 20 points of aeration every day. The reinforced purifying pond is 10m long, 8m wide and 0.8 m deep, and reed, cane shoot, typha and duckweed are planted. The reflux purification area in the reinforced purification pond is 1m wide, and the volume ratio of the packing siderite to the iron shavings to the zeolite is 5:4:1. The water quality guarantee pond is 30 m long, 12m wide, 0.8 m surrounding water depth and 2.20 m surrounding water depth, no ecological floating bed is installed, and the filling ratio of the filling in the aerobic biomembrane device in the water quality guarantee pond is 40 percent and the continuous operation is carried out for 24 hours. And 40% of effluent from the water quality guarantee pond flows back to the reinforced purification pond. And the continuous operation of farmland-free drainage is carried out for 2 months, and ducks are not bred in the period. The purification effect was examined randomly for 3 days.
The result shows that the water quality of 3 times of water inflow is NH 4 + The concentration of-N is 35.41 +/-5.91 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 1.14+ -0.12 mg/L, PO 4 3- P concentration 5.55+ -0.19 mg/L, TN concentration 57.93 + -1.51 mg/L, TP concentration 3.45+ -0.26 mg/L; NH after being treated by the enhanced purifying pond 4 + N concentration is 5.81+ -5.51 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 3.28.+ -. 0.34mg/L, PO 4 3- P concentration of 0.77+ -0.53 mg/L, TN concentration of 11.80+ -6.17 mg/L, TP concentration of 0.89+ -0.48 mg/L; finally, after the water quality guarantee pond treatment, NH in the effluent 4 + N concentration of 0.60+ -0.10 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 4.81.+ -. 0.45mg/L, PO 4 3- P concentration 0.18.+ -. 0.05mg/L and TN concentration of7.50+ -1.03 mg/L and TP concentration of 0.20+ -0.08 mg/L.
Example 2
And 30 or about 120 villages. And after the domestic sewage is connected into the micro-power collecting tank, the domestic sewage is discharged into the reinforced purifying pond. The micro-power collecting tank works by aerating 7 to 9, 11 to 13 and 17 to 20 points in the morning. The reinforced purifying pond is 10m long, 8m wide and 0.5 m deep, reed, cane shoot, typha and duckweed are planted, and duckweed is controlled by stocking. The reflux purification area in the reinforced purification pond is 1.2 meters wide, and the volume ratio of the packing siderite to the iron shavings to the zeolite is 8:1:1. The water quality guaranteeing pond is 30 m long, 15m wide, 0.8 m surrounding water depth, 2.60 m middle water depth, 2 groups of ecological floating beds are arranged, and floating plant-bearing vegetables are planted in the floating beds. The filling ratio of the filling materials in the aerobic biomembrane device in the water quality guarantee pond is 60 percent, and the continuous operation is carried out for 24 hours. And 40% of water in the water discharged from the water quality guarantee pond flows back to the reinforced purifying pond. During the period of draining farmland into the system, the purification effect of the system is randomly detected for 1 day. The result shows that the water quality of the inlet water is NH 4 + -N concentration of 15.44mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 0.54mg/L, PO 4 3- -P concentration 1.57mg/L, TN concentration 21.99mg/L, TP concentration 1.94mg/L; after the treatment of the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality stabilizing pond, NH in the effluent water 4 + -N concentration of 0.56mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 0.53mg/L, PO 4 3- The P concentration was 0.37mg/L, the TN concentration was 2.72mg/L, and the TP concentration was 0.48mg/L.
Example 3
More than 40 households in a village, about 200 people. And after the domestic sewage is connected into the micro-power collecting tank, the domestic sewage is discharged into the reinforced purifying pond. The micro-power collecting tank works by 8 to 12 points, 17 to 20 points of aeration every morning. The reinforced purifying pond is 25m long, 8m wide and 0.5 m deep, reed, cane shoot, typha and duckweed are planted, and duckweed is removed by stocking. The reflux purification area in the reinforced purification pond is 1.5 m wide, and the volume ratio of the packing siderite to the iron shavings to the zeolite is 7:2:1. The water quality guaranteeing pond is 40 m long, 12m wide, 0.7 m surrounding water depth, 3.20 m middle water depth, 2 groups of ecological floating beds are installed, floating plant-bearing vegetables and part of foxtail algae are planted in the floating beds, and a phosphorus adsorption material is placed below the floating beds. Aerobic growth in water quality guarantee pondThe filling ratio of the filling materials in the material film device is 80%, the aerobic biological film device operates intermittently, and the aerobic biological film device operates from 8 am to 8 pm every day. And 30% of water in the water discharged from the water quality guarantee pond flows back to the enhanced purification pond. Continuously running for 1 month, no farmland drainage enters the treatment system during the period, and randomly detecting the purifying effect for 2 days. The result shows that the water quality of the inlet water is NH 4 + -N concentration of 32.65+ -3.25 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 1.24+ -0.15 mg/L, PO 4 3- -P concentration 4.95+ -0.06 mg/L, TN concentration 54.23+ -1.21 mg/L, TP concentration 4.05+ -0.16 mg/L; after the treatment of the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality stabilizing pond, NH in the effluent water 4 + N concentration is 0.48+ -0.10 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 3.95.+ -. 0.24mg/L, PO 4 3- P concentration of 0.19+ -0.05 mg/L, TN concentration of 7.50+ -0.63 mg/L and TP concentration of 0.28+ -0.08 mg/L.
Example 4
More than 50 households in a village, about 200 people. And after the domestic sewage is connected into the micro-power collecting tank, the domestic sewage is discharged into the reinforced purifying pond. The micro-power collecting tank works by 8 to 21 points of aeration in the morning every day. The reinforced purifying pond is 20 m long, 10m wide and 1m deep, reed, cane shoot, typha and duckweed are planted, and duckweed is removed by stocking. The reflux purification area in the reinforced purification pond is 1.5 m wide, and the volume ratio of the packing siderite to the iron shavings to the zeolite is 8:1:1. The water quality guaranteeing pond is 50 m long, 15m wide, 0.8 m surrounding water depth, 2.50 m middle water depth, 4 groups of ecological floating beds are installed, floating plant-bearing vegetables and part of foxtail algae are planted in the floating beds, and a phosphorus adsorption material is placed below the floating beds. The filling ratio of the filling materials in the aerobic biomembrane device in the water quality guarantee pond is 80 percent, and the aerobic biomembrane device continuously operates for 24 hours. And (5) refluxing 60% of water discharged from the water quality guarantee pond to the enhanced purification pond. After 4 months of continuous operation to autumn, the purifying effect of 3 days is randomly detected. The result shows that the water quality of the inlet water is NH 4 + The concentration of the-N is 37.45+/-3.56 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 0.84+ -0.22 mg/L, PO 4 3- -P concentration 4.95+ -0.06 mg/L, TN concentration 54.64 + -0.98 mg/L, TP concentration 3.52+ -0.18 mg/L; after the treatment of the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality stabilizing pond, NH in the effluent water 4 + N concentration of 0.40+ -0.08 mg/L, NO 3 - -N concentration 4.61.+ -. 0.25mg/L, PO 4 3- P concentration is 0.18+ -0.03 mg/L, TN concentration is 4.58+ -0.63 mg/L, TP concentration is 0.25+ -0.10 mg/L.
The invention provides a thought and a method of a comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas, and the method and the way for realizing the technical scheme are numerous, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be pointed out that a plurality of improvements and modifications can be made to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the improvements and modifications are also considered as the protection scope of the invention. The components not explicitly described in this embodiment can be implemented by using the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. The comprehensive treatment system for domestic sewage and farmland drainage in rural areas is characterized by comprising a sewage collecting tank, a reinforced purifying pond and a water quality guaranteeing pond, wherein the sewage collecting tank is used for collecting the domestic sewage; the sewage collecting tank, the enhanced purifying pond and the water quality guaranteeing pond are connected in sequence;
collecting sewage to a sewage collecting tank by using an original rural domestic sewage pipeline for aeration and stirring; simultaneously, reconstructing part of farmland drainage ditches; the domestic sewage and farmland drainage are introduced into the enhanced purification pond together for treatment through the sewage collecting tank and the farmland drainage ditch, and the treated water is discharged into the water quality assurance pond for further treatment; after being treated by the water quality guaranteeing pond, 30% -60% of the effluent flows back to the enhanced purifying pond, and the rest of the effluent is discharged into an adjacent river;
the reinforced purifying pond consists of a diversion purifying area, an aquatic vegetation purifying area and a reflux purifying area which are separated by a ridge; the aquatic vegetation purifying area is positioned in the middle area of the enhanced purifying pond, the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area are arranged on the side surface of the aquatic vegetation purifying area and flow oppositely along the outer side of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, and the diversion purifying area and the backflow purifying area flow together into the aquatic vegetation purifying area after being collected;
the diversion purification area is sequentially provided with a domestic sewage inlet and a farmland drainage inlet along the water flow direction;
the reflux purification area is communicated with the water quality guarantee pond in a reflux way;
reed is planted in the diversion purification area and used for primarily degrading pollutants in sewage; planting cane shoots and typha in the range of 1 meter at the inner periphery of the aquatic vegetation purifying area, controlling the growing range by using a purse net, and planting duckweed which is a floating plant in the rest aquatic vegetation purifying area so as to purify a large amount of pollutants in sewage;
the reflux purification zone consists of a plant decomposition zone, a mineral purification zone and an active carbon adsorption zone, which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction and are separated by a water baffle; the water quality guaranteeing pond backwater water sequentially enters a plant decomposition area, a mineral purification area and an activated carbon adsorption area; cobbles are placed at the bottom of the reflux purification zone, and plant residues, minerals and activated carbon at the upper part of the reflux purification zone are supported; punching one third part of the upper part of the water baffle between the plant decomposition area and the mining area purification area; punching a third part of the lower part of the water baffle between the mineral purification area and the activated carbon adsorption area; the water baffle plate of the activated carbon adsorption area is perforated at the upper third part;
the plants in the plant decomposition area are reed harvested in the diversion purification area, the plant decomposition area is placed as a carbon source after harvesting, dissolved oxygen in backwater water of the water quality guarantee pond is consumed, and nitrate is removed by denitrification;
mineral fillers such as siderite, iron shavings and zeolite are placed in the mineral purification zone, so that nitrate can be effectively removed when the content of organic matters released by the plant decomposition zone is low, and phosphorus in backwater water of the water quality guarantee pond is removed; in the filler, the volume ratio of siderite, iron shavings and zeolite is in the range of 5:4:1-8:1:1;
the activated carbon adsorption area is filled with granular activated carbon filler, and pollutants which are continuously adsorbed and released by utilizing the adsorption performance of the activated carbon effectively buffer the water quality fluctuation entering the aquatic vegetation purification area;
the duckweed is bred in the enhanced purifying pond to control the growth of duckweed; when the duckweed coverage area exceeds 2/3, the duckweed is bred to control the biomass of the duckweed, and the duckweed coverage area is ensured to be not lower than 1/5 of the area of the aquatic vegetation area.
2. The comprehensive treatment system for rural area aggregation area domestic sewage and farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral shallow water area of the water quality guarantee pond is 50-80 cm, and the middle deep water area is more than 2 meters; the periphery of the water quality guarantee pond is connected with a slope of 15-30 degrees, so that the problem of siltation can be effectively relieved, and a certain volume is amplified for the water quality guarantee pond.
3. The comprehensive treatment system for rural area gathering area domestic sewage and farmland drainage according to claim 2, wherein an aerobic biomembrane device and an ecological floating bed are placed in the water quality guarantee pond to further purify pollutants and guarantee that the effluent reaches the standard;
the aerobic biomembrane device is assembled by a plurality of detachable biomembrane chamber monomers, the biomembrane chamber monomers are connected through press riveting screws, a suspension carrier is filled in the biomembrane chamber, the filling amount is 40-80%, and the openings at the two ends are fixed by adopting a wire mesh; the top of the aerobic biomembrane device is arranged on the floating body and is suspended in the water body under the action of the floating body; an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic biomembrane device and is connected with an external air source through an air inlet pipe;
the ecological floating bed comprises a floating bed bracket at the middle part and suspension parts at the periphery; the hanging component is a small-hole fishing net, and a phosphorus adsorption material is placed in the hanging component; the middle part of the floating bed support is used for growing floating plants.
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