CN115251243A - 包含基于树脂酸组合物的饲料补充剂和饲料组合物 - Google Patents
包含基于树脂酸组合物的饲料补充剂和饲料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115251243A CN115251243A CN202210876929.5A CN202210876929A CN115251243A CN 115251243 A CN115251243 A CN 115251243A CN 202210876929 A CN202210876929 A CN 202210876929A CN 115251243 A CN115251243 A CN 115251243A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种饲料补充剂,其包含基于树脂酸的组合物,该基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%(w/w)的树脂酸,所述饲料补充剂用于预防动物消化道中有害细菌生长,预防肠道紊乱,调节动物消化道的微生物种群,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素。本发明还涉及饲料补充剂的用途和包含该饲料补充剂的饲料组合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2014年11月5日、申请号为2014800618534、发明名称为“包含基于树脂酸组合物的饲料补充剂和饲料组合物”的申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂和饲料组合物,以及该饲料补充剂的用途。
发明背景
动物消化道中微生物种群的不平衡和有害细菌的生长可导致动物生长和生产的显著损失。这些不平衡本身表现为肠道紊乱,例如腹泻。虽然使用例如防止微生物生长的抗生素和其它试剂可防止动物的微生物感染,但预期对它们的使用会有更加严格的规定。反刍动物可以利用对于像人类的单胃动物具有很少或没有营养价值的富含纤维的原料。然而,反刍动物的饲料转化效率相对较低,其甲烷产量占世界温室气体排放的显著份额。随着对于食物需求的增加,有必要改善反刍动物的饲料转化效率并降低其甲烷产量。总的来讲,越来越需要在动物喂养中使用既可以调节动物消化道中的微生物种群,同时又容易获得、具有良好耐受性和环境友好的成分。
作为克拉夫特(Kraft)木浆制造法的副产物而得到的粗妥尔油(CTO)的分馏产生脱沥青的(depitched)妥尔油,其通常包括大于10%的树脂酸和小于 90%的脂肪酸。脱沥青的妥尔油的进一步精制产生妥尔油脂肪酸(TOFA)、蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)和妥尔油松香(TOR),其可用在具有不同的树脂酸和脂肪酸含量的多种组合物中。因为TOFA是脂肪酸的廉价来源,它先前已用于动物营养品中作为能量来源。例如,GB955316公开了妥尔油脂肪酸的碱金属盐在改善反刍动物的体重增加和氮贮留中的用途。
毒素是活细胞或有机体中产生的有毒物质。毒素如霉菌毒素是一组化学可变的真菌的次生代谢物,其可以在谷物和其它饲料中找到(即使不存在任何可见的真菌生长)。在储存过程中的高温和空气湿度增加了真菌生长的可能性,但是在该区域中也可能已经出现霉菌毒素污染。谷物或青贮饲料的可见外观或气味表示不出霉菌毒素污染的存在或不存在。毒素如霉菌毒素对于农场动物的影响是非常多变的,从增加死亡率到降低生育率和状态不等。霉菌毒素还可能扰乱动物的免疫系统,使其更易患疾病。
由于霉菌毒素的化学变化,所有饲养场即使对最普通的霉菌毒素的分析也是过于昂贵的。因此常常使用霉菌毒素吸附剂以提供对于对饲料中的霉菌毒素污染的额外保护。霉菌毒素吸附剂是那些本身不被动物消化或吸收的物质。它们被假定在通过消化道的过程中结合毒素。因此,与由动物吸收相反,毒素通过粪便最终排出。
毒素结合剂也可以吸附其它类型的毒素,如细菌毒素或来自消化道的植物的次生代谢产物。活性炭(木炭)是一种有效的毒素结合剂。它是在各种中毒中被推荐的一般毒素结合剂。然而,木炭还结合维生素和矿物质,这使得它不适合在饲料中连续使用。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种新型饲料补充剂,其包含基于树脂酸的组合物,所述饲料补充剂用于预防动物消化道中的有害细菌生长,预防肠道紊乱,调节动物消化道的微生物种群,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素。
概述
根据本发明的饲料补充剂的特征在于权利要求1所述的内容。
根据本发明的饲料补充剂的用途的特征在于权利要求3所述的内容。
根据本发明的饲料补充剂的用途的特征在于权利要求6所述的内容。
根据本发明的饲料补充剂的用途的特征在于权利要求7所述的内容。
根据本发明的饲料组合物的特征在于权利要求39所述的内容。
根据本发明的饲料补充剂的用途的特征在于权利要求41所述的内容。
附图说明
图1:8小时的过程中,产气荚膜梭菌(Cl.perfringens)生长响应于妥尔油松香(TOR)和蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)的浊度变化。
图2:8小时的过程中,产气荚膜梭菌生长响应于妥尔油松香(TOR)和蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)的产气量。
发明详述
本发明是基于这样的认识:包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以用于预防动物消化道中的有害细菌生长,调节动物消化道的微生物种群,预防肠道紊乱,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素。
树脂酸存在于针叶树中,并且主要有三种树脂酸产物,即妥尔油松香 (TOR),木松香和脂松香。TOR是从粗妥尔油(CTO)(其通过纸浆的制备产生)通过真空蒸馏分离出的树脂酸馏分。CTO通过粗妥尔油皂或粗硫酸盐皂(TOS)的酸化获得。TOS是从蒸煮制浆过程中的纸浆厂液体(通常被称为黑液)分离的。木松香是通过从枯树、树桩、树枝等进行蒸汽蒸馏或其他手段分离的馏分,脂松香是从活树收获的树脂(其通常称为采脂)进行蒸汽蒸馏或其他手段分离的树脂馏分。
脂松香广泛产于中国、印度尼西亚和巴西。木松香主要来自美国。TOR 产自美国和斯堪的纳维亚,以及一小部分产自中欧、新西兰和俄罗斯。含树脂酸并且由粗妥尔油真空蒸馏得到的物质包括蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)、妥尔油脂肪酸(TOFA)和妥尔油沥青(TOP)。DTO含有10至40%的树脂酸。 CTO通常含有15至70%的树脂酸,并且最低的树脂酸含量一般是通过蒸煮混合的木浆提供。
术语“妥尔油松香”或“TOR”应被理解为是指通过粗妥尔油的蒸馏和蒸馏的妥尔油的进一步精制而得到的组合物。TOR通常包含60至99%(w/w) 的树脂酸。
术语“木松香”应被理解为是指从枯树、树桩、树枝等进行蒸馏或以其他手段得到的组合物。木松香通常包含50至99%(w/w)的树脂酸。
术语“脂松香”应被理解为是指从活树收获的树脂进行蒸馏获得的或以其他手段分离的组合物。脂松香通常包含50至99%(w/w)的树脂酸。
术语“蒸馏的妥尔油”或“DTO”应被理解为是指由粗妥尔油蒸馏并且对蒸馏的妥尔油进行进一步精制而获得的组合物。DTO通常包含10至60%(w/w) 的树脂酸。
基于树脂酸的组合物TOR、木松香、脂松香、CTO、TOS和DTO也可以通过使一种或多种树脂酸组合物与一种或多种油或脂肪形式的脂肪酸组合物混合而制备。制备的树脂酸衍生物是例如酯、醚或碱金属盐。
树脂酸已知具有抗微生物性质,包括抗菌性质。
本发明的饲料补充剂包含基于树脂酸的组合物,其包含大于10%(w/w) 的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含基于树脂酸的组合物,其包含大于12%(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂有效预防有害细菌生长,预防肠道紊乱,调节动物消化道的微生物种群,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂是用于预防有害细菌生长和/或预防肠道紊乱。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂是用于调节动物消化道的微生物种群。
在一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂用于改善饲料利用。在一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂用于改善饲料转化率。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂用于提高瘤胃发酵和/或降低瘤胃甲烷产生。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂用于结合毒素。
在一个实施方案中,包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂用于结合霉菌毒素。
在本文中,术语“饲料补充剂”应被理解为是指可以添加至饲料或在动物饲养中如此使用的组合物。
在本文中,术语“树脂酸”应被理解为是指源自木材(特别是松木)的多种酸性化合物的复杂混合物。它们也可以是改性的树脂酸,如二聚体和脱羧树脂酸。基于树脂酸的组合物中存在的树脂酸的确切组成随着例如获得该组合物的树的种类以及生产该组合物的加工条件而变化。树脂酸通常包括如松香酸、脱氢松香酸、左旋海松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸的化合物,上述仅提及几种。
在饲料添加剂的情况下,基于树脂酸的组合物可以是本说明书中描述的任何组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂的基于树脂酸的组合物包含以下树脂酸的至少一种:松香酸、去氢松香酸、长叶松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸,和/或其衍生物。衍生物是通过以化学、生物学上或其他方式改性树脂酸而获得。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物包含以下树脂酸的至少一种:松香酸、去氢松香酸、长叶松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物包含以下的至少一种化学改性树脂酸:松香酸、去氢松香酸、长叶松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸。基于树脂酸的组合物也可以是未改性的和改性的树脂酸的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物是妥尔油松香(TOR)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或TOR包含大于 60%(w/w)的树脂酸。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或TOR包含大于85%(w/w)的树脂酸。
TOR可包含32至44.5%的松香酸,18至25%的去氢松香酸,0至3%的二氢松香酸,3.0至11.5%的异海松酸,0至1.5%的8,5-异海松酸,0至 2.5%的左旋海松酸,3.3至4%的新松香酸,7.5至10%的长叶松酸,3至4.5%的海松酸和0至4.0%的sandaropimaric酸(sandaropimaric acid)。TOR可包含<0.1%的二聚体和0至7%的其它组分。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物是木松香。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或木松香包含大于 10并且至多99%(w/w)的树脂酸。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或木松香包含50至99%(w/w)的树脂酸。
该木松香可以包含45至51%的松香酸,7.9至8.5%的去氢松香酸,0 至1%的二氢松香酸,11至15.5%的异海松酸,0至4.2%的8,5-异海松酸,0至0.2%的左旋海松酸,4.7至7%的新松香酸,8.2至10%的长叶松酸,3 至7.1%的海松酸和0至2.0%的sandaropimaric酸。木松香可包含0至4.2%的二聚体和0至1%的其它组分。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物是脂松香。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或脂松香包含大于 10并且至多99%(w/w)的树脂酸。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或脂松香包含50至99%(w/w)的树脂酸。
脂松香可以包含15至45%的松香酸,3至15%的去氢松香酸,0至0.6%的二氢松香酸,3.6至28%的异海松酸,0至0.3%的8,5-异海松酸,0至1.8%的左旋海松酸,10至19%的新松香酸,5至25%的长叶松酸,2至7.4%的海松酸和0至1.5%的sandaropimaric酸。脂松香可包含0至1.0%的二聚体和0至3.5%的其它组分。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物为蒸馏的妥尔油 (DTO)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物为妥尔油的蒸馏馏分。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物为DTO和妥尔油的蒸馏馏分的混合物。
妥尔油的蒸馏馏分是含有在CTO精炼过程中可得的CTO馏分的任何树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或DTO包含大于 10并且至多60%(w/w)的树脂酸。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和/或DTO包含大于10并且至多40%(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物是从制浆过程中的黑液或TOS或CTO分离。
基于树脂酸的组合物的树脂酸不溶于水。基于树脂酸的组合物的树脂酸可以是未改性或改性的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物和饲料补充剂的树脂酸是未改性的。术语“未改性的”应被理解为是指该基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%(w/w)的未改性(即未进行化学或生物学处理)的树脂酸。包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以如此使用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物的树脂酸是化学、生物学或以其它方式改性的树脂酸组合物。基于树脂酸的组合物的树脂酸的化学和/或生物学改性改善了其组分和树脂酸在动物消化道中的溶解度。基于树脂酸的组合物可以是化学改性的,例如部分或全部氢化的,歧化的 (disportinated)、异构化的、氧化的、聚合的、醚化的、皂化的和/或用适合的化合物(例如,脂肪醇、二醇、甘油或脂肪酸甘油酯化合物如基于单-、二-和三甘油酯和聚甘油酯或糖或基于多元醇的酯)酯化的。它们也可以用作 Diels-Alder反应中的反应物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含通过皂化改性的基于树脂酸的组合物。
使用例如NaOH或CaOH的基于树脂酸的组合物的皂化的各种方法是本领域技术人员已知的。在本发明的一个实施方案中,根据本发明使用的基于树脂酸的组合物是通过醚化改性。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂的基于树脂酸的组合物包含1 至90(w/w)的脂肪酸和/或其衍生物。脂肪酸可以是油或脂肪的形式或是如游离脂肪酸或酯、醚或碱金属盐或脂肪醇的其它形式。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物包括没有酸基团的不皂化物,例如来自木材的亲脂中性物质和酯。在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物包含小于15%的不皂化物。不皂化物的量在DTO产品中通常为小于5%,并且在TOR、木松香和脂松香中为小于6%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含干燥的基于树脂酸的组合物。基于树脂酸的组合物可以通过喷雾干燥、滚筒干燥或通过任何其它已知的合适的干燥方法进行干燥。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含不同的活性成分。
饲料补充剂可以以0.0001至10kg/吨饲料干重总量的浓度添加至饲料中。包含根据本发明的基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以原样添加至饲料或饲料补充剂中,或其通常可以根据需要做进一步处理。
包含根据本发明的基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以被改性为在饲料中是有功能且有效的形式。可以将载体如油,脂肪酸添加到组合物中以改善功能。另外的乳化剂如甘油,卵磷脂等可添加到基于树脂酸的组合物以改善溶解度。
在一个实施方案中,包含根据本发明的基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以包含化学改性的树脂酸衍生物。树脂酸衍生物可以也包含基于松香的酸的酸酐、二聚物、胺、马来酰亚胺、烯(alkenyls)、环氧组合物和/或其混合物或其与本领域技术人员已知的其它合适的化学改性树脂酸的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含基于树脂酸的组合物,其被吸附到适合于饲料组合物的载体材料中,如甜菜浆。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料补充剂包含基于树脂酸的组合物,其与适合于饲料组合物的液体载体材料如植物油或脂肪酸混合。
进一步地,包含根据本发明的基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以添加至饲料或其可以单独地给予动物(即不作为任何饲料组合物的一部分)。
在本文中,术语“饲料组合物”或“饲料”应被理解为是指动物膳食的总饲料组合物或其一部分,包括例如补充的饲料、预混合料以及其它饲料组合物。饲料可包括不同的活性成分。
本发明还涉及包含根据本发明的饲料补充剂的饲料组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,饲料组合物包含以饲料总干重量计0.00001至1%(w/w)的量的饲料补充剂。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的饲料补充剂在饲料组合物中的用途。
本发明还涉及预防动物消化道中有害细菌的生长的方法,该方法包括给动物施用包含根据本发明的基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂。
本发明还涉及包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂用于调节动物消化道的微生物种群,预防肠道紊乱,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素的用途,该基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%(w/w)的树脂酸。
在本文中,术语“有害细菌”应被理解为是指能够以包括与宿主动物竞争营养物的不利方式来影响动物的消化道或健康的任何细菌。在本文中,术语“微生物种群”应理解为是指栖居于消化道中的微生物,包括细菌域,古域和真核域的微小成员,以及还有肠道寄生虫。取决于例如动物的健康和环境因素,微生物种群将因动物种类不同而不同。
在本文中,术语“肠道紊乱”应理解为是指动物消化道的各种紊乱,包括例如腹泻和其它肠道健康问题。
在本文中,术语“动物”应理解为是指所有不同种类的动物,例如单胃动物、反刍动物、毛皮动物、宠物和水产养殖动物。不同动物(包括幼崽)的非限制性实例是奶牛、肉牛、猪、家禽、绵羊、山羊、马、狐狸、狗、猫和鱼。
在本文中,术语“毒素”应被理解为是指在活细胞或生物体中产生的任何有毒物质。毒素是植物、动物、微生物(例如细菌、病毒、真菌、立克次体、原生动物等)的产物。在本文中,术语“毒素”应被理解为是指由真菌如酵母和霉菌产生的有毒的次生代谢物。在谷物或青贮饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素是例如黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马菌素和T-2毒素。毒素会根据环境因素而变化。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,基于树脂酸的组合物以有效量施用给动物。
包含基于树脂酸的组合物(其包含大于10%(w/w)的树脂酸)的饲料补充剂在预防动物消化道中的有害细菌生长,预防肠道紊乱,调节动物消化道的微生物种群,提高瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃甲烷产生和/或结合毒素方面是有效的。它们具有毒素结合的潜力。
本发明具有许多优点。包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂是容易获得的、天然的、低成本和环境友好的材料。进一步地,它是无毒和良好耐受的。包含基于树脂酸的组合物的饲料补充剂可以原样使用。本发明有效调节动物消化道中的微生物群的组成至有益于动物表现的方向。随之,本发明的其它益处是例如改善的动物健康和生产力,更高的产品质量、均一性、营养价值和食品和产品安全性、每产量单位降低的成本和降低的环境负荷。本发明使得能够以低成本生产饲料组合物和饲料补充剂。
本发明的上述实施方式可以彼此任意组合的方式使用。若干实施方式可以组合在一起而形成本发明进一步的实施方式。本发明涉及的产品、方法或用途可包括至少一个上述本发明的实施方式。
实施例
下面将对本发明进行更详细的描述。
实施例1
病原体抑制试验
产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)是一种引起肉仔鸡和其它种类的家禽坏死性肠炎的病原性细菌。进行这个试验以研究基于树脂酸的组合物对产气荚膜梭菌的抑制。
测试了两种基于树脂酸的组合物(从粗妥尔油蒸馏得到的妥尔油松香 (TOR)和蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO))对于产气荚膜梭菌生长的效力。TOR组合物含有88%(w/w)的树脂酸,并且DTO组合物含有27.5%(w/w)的树脂酸。
测试化合物
在产气荚膜梭菌生长抑制试验中测试了测试组合物的效力,其中测定了在模拟过程中作为单位体积培养基中细菌细胞数量增加的结果的梭菌培养基的浊度以及累积产气量。
在0.01%的浓度测试了TOR和DTO对产气荚膜梭菌生长的效力。具有 88%的树脂酸的TOR在+105℃融化并与萝卜籽油以1:1混合以实现与其它两个油性产品相同的流动形式。此稀释产物在模拟中以双倍量给药。
模拟程序:模拟在含有15ml无菌厌氧TSGY-培养基(具有葡萄糖的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤-酵母提取培养基)的25ml玻璃瓶中进行,并且用气密性塞子密封上述瓶以确保整个实验过程中的厌氧条件。在模拟开始时,将0.1%的过夜生长的产气荚膜梭菌培养物的接种体注入到TSGY-瓶中。根据处理从各储备液中将测试化合物或作为对照处理的无菌去离子水以150μl的最终体积加入。随机分配各模拟瓶以避免处理之间的人为偏差。将瓶子保持在均匀温度 37℃下,并且在每个时间点测量浊度之前混合1分钟。总模拟时间是8小时。
在时间点0.5小时、4小时和8小时测量了光密度。生长培养基的浊度(光密度,OD)的增加与产气荚膜梭菌细胞数目和细胞密度的增加成比例。
在8小时模拟结束时测量了作为生长效力指标的总产气量,因为产气荚膜梭菌由于指数增长过程中的活性代谢而产生气体。
结果
结果示于图1和图2中。TOR和DTO处理非常有效地抑制了产气荚膜梭菌的生长,其通过缺少浊度变化(图1)和产生可忽略量的气体(图2)来检测。无论松香酸浓度如何,TOR和DTO组合物非常有效地抑制了产气荚膜梭菌的生长。
实施例2
甲烷抑制测试
在甲烷抑制测试中测试了两种基于树脂酸的组合物妥尔油松香(TOR) 和蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)。TOR组合物含有88%(w/w)的树脂酸,且DTO 组合物含有27.5%(w/w)的树脂酸。含88%(w/w)的树脂酸的TOR组合物以1:1与萝卜籽油混合。
通过用瘤胃瘘管喂食的奶牛进行甲烷抑制测试以研究TOR和DTO降低瘤胃中甲烷生产速率的潜力。测量了瘤胃流体样品的产甲烷细菌的数量,因为其是产甲烷生物。测量了样品的短链脂肪酸特征,包括支链脂肪酸的浓度,因为它们表明了基于树脂酸的组合物对于瘤胃发酵是否有效果。
分四份给予三个瘤胃瘘管喂食的泌乳奶牛3.0克干测试组合物/头/天并持续21天。TOR和DTO组合物首先在甜菜浆上干燥,然后混入复合饲料中。在饮食干预之前,在喂食测试组合物期间每周一次并且在两周的清除期后提取瘤胃样品。通过气相色谱分析实验样品的短链脂肪酸(SCFA)并且通过 qPCR分析产甲烷菌的数目、原生动物的数目和细菌总数。
结果
结果表明,甲烷生成菌的数目在TOR和DTO喂食期间数量下降,而原生动物和细菌总数并没有受到产物影响。瘤胃流体中的乳酸、丙酸、戊酸和总的短链脂肪酸的水平在TOR和DTO喂食期间趋于降低。响应于TOR和 DTO,支链脂肪酸的浓度和相对比例趋于降低。
实验表明,TOR和DTO降低了产甲烷菌的量,从而降低了瘤胃甲烷的产生。该实验还表明,TOR和DTO增强了瘤胃发酵。
实施例3
进行该试验以研究具有35%(w/w)的树脂酸(有或没有甜菜浆(SBP) 载体)的皂化DTO体外对于微生物的微生物种群和肉仔鸡回肠发酵的影响。
皂化DTO通过以下制备:向DTO添加NaOH(氢氧化钠),加入足够的水以调节混合物的总干物质(DTO)的百分比至18至20%,加热该混合物制到+90℃,使温度保持在+90℃下120分钟,在此期间使混合物以15分钟的间隔缓慢搅拌。
实验
40天龄的肉仔鸡回肠内容物用于模拟培养基并且作为模拟模型中的接种物。从一批皂化DTO制备试验的处理品。
如下制备具有35%的树脂酸的DTO制品:
1.具有20%的干物质含量的皂化DTO
DTO皂的等分试样被加热至90℃,与磨细的SBP粉末混合,并干燥。
2.皂化DTO
皂化DTO的胃肠消化:稀释系列的部分液体DTO皂和载体吸附的DTO 皂通过胃蛋白酶-HCl-处理(pH值2.25),随后用胰酶胆汁酸-NaOH处理(pH 值6.2)进行消化。进行消化是为了评估产品在进入具有更高微生物活性的远端小肠之前是否能耐受上胃肠道的条件。
该模拟是在总共160个2毫升塑料微量离心瓶中以1.5毫升的体积用10 小时模拟时间进行。在四个DTO干物质浓度下测试样品:0%,0.005%, 0.01%,0.01%和1%。
分析了所有模拟样品的短链脂肪酸和微生物的总数。此外,通过定量实时PCR(qPCR)分析了选择样品的微生物物种或群组的数量。分析了回肠模拟样品的乳酸杆菌和链球菌。
结果
在回肠模拟模型中,0.5kg/吨的水平的DTO皂提高了乙酸和丙酸的浓度并且降低了乳酸浓度。这表明使微生物代谢从同型发酵调节至朝向异型发酵代谢途径,这可以看作是使饲料转化率改善的一个非常积极的变化。甜菜浆载体对发酵的影响不大。
实施例4
试验A:体外固相的毒素吸附
在本试验中测定了所测试产品从含水介质除去毒素的能力。有效的毒素吸附剂应能够在消化道的所有隔室中结合毒素,抑制毒素被动物吸收。为了评价结合剂在酸性的胃中的效力,试验是在pH值2.5(50mM甘氨酸-HCl 缓冲液)下运行。
测试产品是皂化DTO产品,其含有20%的树脂酸。皂化DTO如实施例 3来制造。测试产品是有或无硅酸盐载体的皂化DTO(20%)。
测试A如下进行:使用两种毒素赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)和玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEA),pH值为2.5,三种测试物质水平0.2、0.5和1千克/吨,并且每次处理4个重复样品。对照处理重复8次。
霉菌毒素OTA和ZEA以3H标记的纯化合物使用,通过液体闪烁计数测定的放射性用于它们在样品中的定量。
实验于硅烷化玻璃小瓶中在1毫升体积的缓冲液中进行。在测试系统中,结合的放射性毒素通过与潜在结合剂的不溶性组分共同粒化而从液相中除去。使用以下程序:1.将试验产品称入小瓶;2.使3H标记的和未处理的霉菌毒素与缓冲液混合以获得10微克/升的最终毒素浓度;3.将1毫升缓冲液 -霉菌毒素溶液加入到小瓶中;4.将小瓶密封,并在恒定缓慢摇动下于37℃下保持2小时;5.将小瓶在3000x g下离心10分钟;6.使50微升上清液与150微升液体闪烁混合液(liquid scintillation cocktail,Optiphase)在96孔微量滴定板中混合;和7.用液体闪烁计数器测量样品的放射性五分钟。
结果
皂化DTO能够从含水介质中统计学显著地结合OTA,并且结合依赖于测试产品的浓度。皂化DTO从介质吸附了25至60%的游离OTA。
即使在最低剂量下,皂化DTO显著降低了游离ZEA的量。皂化DTO 除去了约30至60%的游离毒素。
对于本领域技术人员来讲显而易见的是,随着技术的进步,本发明的基本思想可以以多种方式实施。因此,本发明及其实施方案不限于上述实施例,而是它们可以在权利要求书的范围内变化。
Claims (16)
1.饲料补充剂用于制备预防消化道中的有害细菌生长和/或预防肠道紊乱的药物的用途,所述饲料补充剂包含基于树脂酸的组合物,所述基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%(w/w)的树脂酸,并且其中所述基于树脂酸的组合物为妥尔油松香(TOR)、木松香、脂松香和/或蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物包含以下树脂酸的至少一种:松香酸、去氢松香酸、长叶松酸、新松香酸、海松酸和异海松酸,和/或其衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物为妥尔油松香(TOR)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于60%(w/w)的树脂酸。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物为木松香。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物为脂松香。
7.根据权利要求1至2和5至6中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%并且至多99%(w/w)的树脂酸。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物为蒸馏的妥尔油(DTO)。
9.根据权利要求1、2或8所述的用途,其特征在于,基于树脂酸的组合物包含大于10%并且至多60%(w/w)的树脂酸。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述树脂酸为未改性的。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述树脂酸为化学、生物学或其它方式改性的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于,所述树脂酸为氢化的、歧化的、异构化的、氧化的、聚合的、醚化的、皂化的和/或酯化的,和/或用作Diels-Alder反应中的反应物。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述饲料补充剂含有1至90%(w/w)的脂肪酸和/或其衍生物。
14.根据权利要求1至9或11至13中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物通过皂化进行改性。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物是干燥的。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基于树脂酸的组合物被吸附到载体材料中或与载体混合。
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