CN115251056A

CN115251056A - Method for improving pollination rate by using bees as cold area facility bitter gourds

Info

Publication number: CN115251056A
Application number: CN202211045055.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 闫德斌; 李杰銮; 孙智禹; 常志光; 杨春红; 丁洪伟
Original assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Current assignee: Apiculture Science Institute Of Jilin Province (jilin Honeybee Product Quality Management Supervise Station Jilin Honeybee Heredity Resource Gene Protection Center)
Priority date: 2022-08-30
Filing date: 2022-08-30
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-30
Also published as: CN115251056B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving pollination rate by using bees as cold area facilities and bitter gourds, and relates to the technical field of biology; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, spraying a preparation on the leaf surfaces of bitter gourd plants, and then pollinating by using bees; the preparation comprises 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar solution, beer yeast extract and sodium borate. The preparation is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of bitter gourd plants in the bitter gourd cultivation process in a cold area facility, so that the activity of bees can be improved, and the bees are attracted to the bitter gourd plants for pollination, so that the pollination rate of the bitter gourd is improved; on the other hand, pollen germination and ovary expansion can be stimulated, meanwhile, the growth vigor of plants can be enhanced, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield of the bitter gourds is further improved.

Description

Method for improving pollination rate by using bees as cold area facility bitter gourds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method for improving pollination rate by using bees as bitter gourds in a cold area facility.

Background

Momordica charantia L.of Cucurbitaceae, climbing soft and weak herb, with multiple branches; the stem and branch are soft. The curly hair is fine and not divergent. The blade stalk is slender; the leaf is membranous, green on the top, light green on the back, palmate in the veins. The same male and female plants. The male flower stalks are fine and slightly soft; the bract is green and has a little edge hair; the calyx lobe is in an egg shape and is in a needle shape, and the coat is white and soft; the corolla is yellow, and the lobe is molted; the stamen is detached. The female flowers grow singly, and the pedicel is slightly soft; the ovary is fusiform, and the stigma is expanded. The fruit is spindle-shaped or cylindrical, has multiple tumor wrinkles, and is orange yellow after ripening. The seed is long round, and the two sides are provided with sculptures.

Apis mellifera (Apis mellifolia) spin, abbreviated as Apis mellifera, native to the Indian peninsula, italy, is commonly used for pollination of crops. The Italian bees are large in size and the bitter gourds are small in flower, the Italian bees are adopted for pollinating the bitter gourds in the cold area facility, and the pollination rate is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving pollination rate of bitter gourds in cold regions by using bees as facilities, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a preparation for improving bee pollination rate, which comprises 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar, beer yeast extract and sodium borate.

Further, the preparation comprises 0.2g/L of 4-ethyl benzaldehyde, 0.1g/L of 4-propenyloxyphenol, 5g/L of bamboo vinegar, 1-5g/L of beer yeast extract and 2g/L of sodium borate.

Further, the preparation comprises 0.2g/L of 4-ethyl benzaldehyde, 0.1g/L of 4-propenyloxyphenol, 5g/L of bamboo vinegar, 5g/L of beer yeast extract and 2g/L of sodium borate.

The invention also provides a method for improving pollination rate of bitter gourds taking honeybees as facilities in cold regions, which comprises the following steps: firstly, spraying the preparation on the leaf surfaces of bitter gourd plants, and then pollinating by using bees; the bee is Italian bee.

Further, the spraying amount of the preparation is 10L/mu.

Furthermore, the spraying time of the preparation is 0-2 days before honeybee pollination.

Further, the spraying time of the preparation is 1 day before honeybee pollination.

Further, the bees are fed with honeydew containing bitter gourd pollen before pollination.

Further, the honey juice comprises 1 part of bitter gourd pollen, 5 parts of honey and 3 parts of water in parts by weight.

The invention also provides application of the preparation in improving bee pollination rate.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

the preparation is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of balsam pear plants in the process of cultivating the balsam pears in the cold-region facility, on one hand, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar and a beer yeast extract in the preparation can improve the activity of bees and attract the bees to pollinate the balsam pear plants, so that the pollination rate of the balsam pears is improved; on the other hand, the bamboo vinegar, the beer yeast extract and the sodium borate can also play a role of a preparation, can stimulate pollen germination and flower expansion, and can enhance plant growth, so that the pollination rate of the Italian bees is improved, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the bitter gourds are improved.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract

(1) Adding fresh yeast paste into deionized water (the mass ratio of the yeast paste to the deionized water is 1:3), stirring for 15min, and centrifuging to remove supernatant;

(2) Adding deionized water (the mass ratio of the precipitate to the deionized water is 1:2) into the precipitate obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain beer yeast liquid;

(3) Adjusting the pH value to 7.5, adding papain (0.05 percent of the mass of the beer yeast liquid obtained in the step (2)), heating to 55 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 24 hours;

(4) After the heat preservation is finished, heating to 80 ℃ to inactivate enzyme for 15min, centrifuging, taking supernatant, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration until the dry matter reaches more than 10wt%, and finally carrying out spray drying to obtain the beer yeast extract.

Through detection, the content of amino acid nitrogen in the beer yeast extract prepared in the embodiment is 5.6wt%, and the content of total nitrogen in the beer yeast extract is 12.3wt%.

Example 2

1. Test materials

The bitter gourd varieties to be tested are as follows: bifeng No. 3.

Pollinating bees: and (4) Italian bees.

Preparation: was obtained by mixing 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar, the beer yeast extract prepared in example 1 and sodium borate with water, wherein the concentrations of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar, beer yeast extract and sodium borate were 0.2g/L, 0.1g/L, 5g/L and 2g/L, respectively.

2. Test method

The test is carried out in a bitter gourd planting greenhouse in a plump area in Jilin city.

And (3) experimental design: randomly selecting 3 greenhouses, and setting 3 test groups as shown in table 1, wherein each greenhouse is a test group.

Test group 1: and (3) spraying clear water on the leaf surfaces of the 1-month and 21-day leaves in 2021, wherein the spraying amount is 10L/mu, and then carrying out artificial pollination.

Test group 2: spraying clear water on leaf surfaces in 21 days of 1 month and 1 year in 2021, wherein the spraying amount is 10L/mu, and then putting Italian bee hives (1 hive/mu, 3 spleens/hives) in the greenhouse for bee pollination.

Test group 3: the prepared preparation is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 21 days 1 month in 2021, the spraying amount is 10L/mu, and then Italian bee hives (1 hive/mu, 3 spleens/hives) are placed in the greenhouse for bee pollination.

Test group 4: preparing honey juice from balsam pear pollen, honey and water according to a mass ratio of 1; the prepared preparation is sprayed on the leaf surface of 21 days 1 month in 2021, the spraying amount is 10L/mu, and then the beehives (1 hive/mu, 3 spleens/hive) of the Italian bees fed with honeydew are placed in the greenhouse for bee pollination.

TABLE 1

Group of	Treatment method
		1	Artificial pollination
2	Bee pollination
		3	Bee pollination plus preparation
4	Honeydew feeding, bee pollination and preparation

3. Data statistics

In the greenhouse of each test group, 100 female flowers were randomly and respectively extracted, and the fruit setting rate was counted 15 days after pollination.

4. Results

Statistics shows that the fruit setting rate of each test group is shown in table 2, and the results in table 2 show that the fruit setting rate of bee pollination is far lower than that of artificial pollination, but the preparation prepared by the method is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the bitter gourds, so that the pollination rate of the bees is improved; three days before pollination, honeybees are fed with honeydew containing bitter gourd pollen, so that the honeybees can adapt to a new honey source quickly, and the pollination rate is further improved.

TABLE 2

Group of	Percentage of fruit set (%)
		1	87
2	74
		3	86
4	91

Experimental example 1

The spray concentration of the beer yeast extract solution in the test group 4 of example 2 was optimized to be 0.5g/L, 1g/L, 2.5g/L, 5g/L, 7.5g/L and 10g/L, and the bee pollination test was performed in the same manner as in the test group 4 of example 2.

100 female flowers are randomly and respectively extracted from each test group, and the fruit setting rate is counted 15 days after pollination. The results are shown in Table 3, and it can be seen from Table 3 that the fruit setting rate of bee pollination is highest when the concentration of the lager brewing yeast extract solution is set to 5 g/L.

TABLE 3

Experimental example 2

The spraying time of the beer yeast extract solution in the test group 4 of example 2 was optimized, the spraying time was set to 19 days at 1 month in 2021, 20 days at 1 month in 2021 and 21 days at 1 month in 2021, respectively, the concentration of the beer yeast extract solution was adjusted to 5g/L, and the bee pollination test was performed in the same manner as in the test group 4 of example 2.

100 female flowers are randomly and respectively extracted from each test group, and the fruit setting rate is counted 15 days after pollination. The results are shown in Table 4, and it can be seen from Table 4 that the fruit setting rate of bee pollination is highest when the spraying time of the beer yeast extract solution is two days before bee pollination.

TABLE 3

Comparative example 1

The same as test group 4 of example 2, except that the brewer's yeast extract was replaced with baker's yeast extract (from Angel yeast, model FM 802).

Comparative example 2

The difference from test group 4 of example 2 is that no lager brewing yeast extract was added to the formulation.

Comparative example 3

The preparation was the same as example 2, test group 4 except that bamboo vinegar was not added to the preparation.

The fruit setting rate, the weight of the single melon and the yield of the single plant of the test group 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 of the example 2 were counted, and the results are shown in the table 4.

TABLE 4

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation for improving bee pollination rate is characterized by comprising 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acryloxyphenol, bamboo vinegar, beer yeast extract and sodium borate.

2. The preparation of claim 1, comprising 0.2g/L of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 0.1g/L of 4-propenyloxyphenol, 5g/L of bamboo vinegar, 1-5g/L of brewers' yeast extract and 2g/L of sodium borate.

3. The preparation of claim 2, comprising 0.2g/L of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 0.1g/L of 4-propenyloxyphenol, 5g/L of bamboo vinegar, 5g/L of brewers' yeast extract and 2g/L of sodium borate.

4. A method for improving pollination rate of bitter gourds serving as facilities in cold areas by utilizing honeybees is characterized by comprising the following steps of: spraying the preparation of any one of claims 1-3 on the leaves of bitter gourd plants, and pollinating by using bees; the bee is Italian bee.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the formulation is applied at a rate of 10L/acre.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the spray application time of the formulation is 0-2 days before bee pollination.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the spray application time of the formulation is 1 day before bee pollination.

8. A method according to claim 4, wherein the bees are fed honeydew containing balsam pear pollen prior to pollination.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the honeydew comprises 1 part by weight of bitter gourd pollen, 5 parts by weight of honey and 3 parts by weight of water.

10. Use of a preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for increasing bee pollination rates.