CN115246847B - 新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115246847B CN115246847B CN202210528603.3A CN202210528603A CN115246847B CN 115246847 B CN115246847 B CN 115246847B CN 202210528603 A CN202210528603 A CN 202210528603A CN 115246847 B CN115246847 B CN 115246847B
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- A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光成像造影剂的制备及其应用领域,尤其涉及一种新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
前哨淋巴结(SLN)通常被认为是癌症转移的第一站。术中SLN造影和SLN活检能够准确确定SLN的位置,减少肿瘤手术中不必要的淋巴结清扫,因此被认为是检测肿瘤淋巴结转移的金标准,对肿瘤分期和预后评估具有重要意义。为此,适当的SLN示踪剂对于SLN造影和SLN活检至关重要。放射性同位素99mTc和吲哚青绿(ICG)被临床用作SLN示踪剂。然而,这些示踪剂通常有内在缺陷。例如,即使在低剂量下,使用放射性同位素99mTc也不可避免地会给患者带来特定的心理负担,而这种放射性同位素同时还存在低分辨率和半衰期有限的缺点。作为近红外I(NIR-I,700-900nm)荧光示踪剂,ICG已获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的批准,但由于一些不可避免的缺点,如保留时间短、穿透深度有限、信噪比低和光稳定性差,ICG仍远不能满足临床的需求。
近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1700nm)的荧光成像有望克服传统SLN示踪剂的局限性。与NIR-I荧光成像相比,NIR-II荧光成像可以减少组织自发荧光和光子散射,并表现出更深的穿透深度和更高的信噪比。尤其值得一提的是,有机NIR-II探针因其可忽略的毒性、良好的生物相容性以及可加工性能而引起了极大关注。本质上,大多数有机分子具有芳香大共轭疏水结构,有必要将其装入两亲性聚合物中,从而实现良好的水分散性、优异的生物稳定性和优异的生物成像质量。然而,由于大多数有机分子存在聚集导致猝灭(ACQ)现象,在聚集或纳米颗粒(NPs)内部条件下表现出减弱或湮灭的荧光。
聚集诱导发射(AIE)的概念,与传统的发色团形成鲜明对比的是,AIE发光体(AIEgens)在聚集或在NPs内时表现出显著增强的荧光信号,因为AIEgens丰富而灵活的螺旋桨结构可以被设计来限制分子间的π-π相互作用。尽管NIR-II吸收约800nm的AIEgens已经被开发,并在生物应用中变现出明显的优势,尚未有研究报告最大吸收超过900nm的AIEgens,主要是因为很难平衡长波分子所需的扩展的芳香π共轭结构和同时保证单个分子AIE性质的柔性螺旋桨结构之间的关系。
因此,构建近红外二区(最大吸收峰超过900nm)且亮度高的聚集诱导发光分子用于前哨淋巴结成像及手术导航领域具备广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料及其制备方法、应用,本发明的化合物结构明确、制备方法比较简便,生物活性实验结果表明其在淋巴结成像和手术导航领域具有良好的应用前景。
本发明提供的该类化合物的结构为:
本发明提供的一种上述所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,包括步骤:
将化合物II与还原剂加入到酸中,得到反应混合溶液;
在惰性气氛中,将所述反应混合溶液进行回流反应,得到中间产物;
将所述中间产物、硒源加入到混合有机溶剂中,进行扣环反应,得到所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述还原剂选自H2、C、Al、Zn、Fe、LiAlH4、KBH4和NaBH4中的任意一种。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述硒源选自二氧化硒、二氯化二硒、四氯化硒、氧氯化硒和亚硒酸钠中的任意一种。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述回流反应的回流温度为60-100℃,回流时间为3-10h。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述混合有机溶剂包括二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇和丙酮中的至少两种。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述化合物II的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将化合物III与化合物IV加入到第二有机溶剂和水的混合溶剂中,得到反应溶液;
将钯催化剂和碱加入到所述反应溶液中,在惰性气氛围下加热回流反应,得到化合物II。
可选地,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述的钯催化剂选自Pd(PPh3)4、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、Pd(dppf)Cl2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd2(dba)3和Pd(dba)2其中的一种。
可选地,所述的新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料的制备方法,其中,所述第二有机溶剂选自乙腈、氮氮二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、氯仿、甲苯、二甲苯和均三甲苯中的任意一种或多种。
一种上述所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料作为近红外二区淋巴结荧光成像及手术导航的应用。
所述步骤中,化合物III与化合物IV制备化合物II时所用的碱选自三乙胺、吡啶、甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、正丙醇钠、甲酸钠、乙酸钠、正丙醇钾、异丙醇钾、异丙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、钠氢、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、磷酸氢钠、磷酸氢钾等中的任意一种或任意多种的混合物。
所述步骤中,化合物III与化合物IV制备化合物II时所用的有机溶剂可以是四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、乙腈、氮氮二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的任意一种或任意多种的混合物。
所述步骤中,化合物III与化合物IV制备化合物II时,产物需要进行柱层析分离,柱层析分离中的填充剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与石油醚、乙酸乙酯与石油醚、二氯甲烷与甲醇或二氯甲烷与丙酮的混合溶剂,混合比例范围为100:1-1:1。
所述步骤中,化合物II和化合物III制备化合物I时,所用的还原剂可以是选自H2,C,Al,Zn,Fe,LiAlH4,KBH4,NaBH4等中的任意一种。
所述步骤中,化合物II制备化合物I时,所用的酸可以是盐酸(氢氯酸)(HCl),硫酸(H2SO4),硝酸(HNO3),磷酸(H3PO4),硒酸(H2SeO4),高氯酸(HClO4),氢氟酸(HF),氢溴酸(HBr),氢碘酸(HI),氢氰酸(HCN)还有亚硫酸H2SO3亚硝酸HNO2醋酸CH3COOH等中的任意一种。
所述步骤中,化合物II制备化合物I时,产物需要进行柱层析分离,柱层析分离中的填充剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为石油醚与乙酸乙酯、石油醚与二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷与甲醇或二氯甲烷与丙酮的混合溶剂,混合比例范围为1:1-100:1。
有益效果:相比于现有技术,本发明提供的新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料可应用于淋巴结成像以及成像指导的手术导航。具有较强的D-A型结构和大的共轭结构,实现较小的ΔEgap能极差,实现较长的吸收和发射波长,可以实现高信噪比的近红外二区荧光成像。同时较多的自由转子的引入保证了分子的AIE特性。本发明所提供的新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料制备成纳米粒子后,通过尾静脉注射,可实现血管成像、骨成像、肿瘤成像和淋巴结成像,同时还可以实现高效的淋巴结手术导航。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1和例2中Ia和Ib的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱图;
图2为本发明实施例2制得的Ib在DMSO和乙醇中的AIE曲线;
图3中a为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子在不同激光器条件下的近红外二区骨成像图;b为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子在808nm激光器和不同滤光片的条件下近红外二区淋巴结成像图;c为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子在808nm激光器和不同滤光片的条件下的近红外二区血管成像图;d为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子的在808nm激光器的条件下近红外二区不同时间的肿瘤成像图;
图4中a为本发明实施例3中ICG在808nm激光器和1000nm滤光片下的淋巴结成像图;b为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子在980nm激光器和1200nm滤光片下的淋巴结成像图;c为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子(AIE)(左腿)和ICG(右腿)在808nm激光器和不同滤光片下的淋巴结成像图;
图5为本发明实施例3中Ib纳米粒子用于淋巴结手术导航图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
1、化合物Ia的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一):化合物II的合成
将化合物III(2g,2.80mmol)、化合物IV(0.85g,1.28mmol)和Pd(dppf)2Cl2(0.20g,0.28mmol)加入双颈烧瓶中。然后在N2气氛下加入THF和K2CO3溶液(THF/水=4/1,v/v)。混合物在80℃下反应24小时。冷却至室温后,用乙酸乙酯萃取体系并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤3次。有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥并通过减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂。粗品经柱层析纯化(石油醚/二氯甲烷=3/1,v/v),得蓝紫色固体(0.67g,收率:52.5%)。1H NMR(600MHz,MethyleneChloride-d2)δ7.53(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),7.07-7.01(m,9H),7.01-6.97(m,6H),6.92-6.87(m,9H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.81(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.78(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.74(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.61(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.55(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),4.24(dd,J=5.3,2.7Hz,4H),4.16(dd,J=4.9,2.9Hz,4H),3.71(s,6H),3.69(s,6H),3.64(s,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,Methylene Chloride-d2)δ157.43,157.35,155.88,146.93,144.60,143.43,142.46,141.68,139.10,138.21,136.15,135.78,135.58,131.74,131.69,131.33,130.52,126.85,126.74,126.34,125.30,124.00,123.36,121.99,120.70,118.61,113.98,112.11,100.93,63.79,63.76,54.65,54.33,54.25.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C100H76N6O14S3 +[M+H]+,1681.4654;found:1681.4650.
步骤二):化合物Ia的合成
将化合物II(300mg,0.178mmol)和Fe粉(200mg,3.57mmol)加入双颈烧瓶中。然后在N2气氛下加入HAc和CHCl3(v/v=5/1)。混合物在85℃下反应10小时。冷却至室温后,缓慢加入盐酸(2M)。随后,用乙酸乙酯萃取体系并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤3次。有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥并通过减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的粗品化合物不经进一步纯化直接用于Ia的合成。将粗产品、N-亚硫酰苯胺(870mg,6.25mmol)和氯代三甲基硅烷(1.3g,11.96mmol)加入双颈烧瓶中。然后在N2气氛下加入10mL无水吡啶。混合物在80℃下反应20小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,倒入冰水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤并用无水Na2SO4干燥并通过减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂。粗品经硅胶柱纯化(石油醚/二氯甲烷=2/1,v/v),得到绿色粉末(157mg,收率:两步52%)。1H NMR(400MHz,THF-d8)δ7.58(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.96(s,8H),6.94(d,J=8.9Hz,6H),6.88(s,2H),6.85(d,J=2.1Hz,4H),6.83(s,2H),6.81(s,2H),6.79(s,2H),6.77(d,J=2.7Hz,4H),6.75(d,J=2.9Hz,4H),6.69(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.59(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.50(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),4.35-4.26(m,4H),4.19(dt,J=3.8,2.1Hz,4H),3.65(s,12H),3.57(s,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,THF-d8)δ159.28,159.16,157.52,153.04,147.65,146.54,145.04,142.89,140.79,140.77,139.58,139.29,138.71,137.26,136.92,133.22,133.19,132.83,132.02,128.24,127.91,127.48,127.37,126.62,122.94,122.75,122.03,115.37,113.54,109.62,65.43,65.12,55.40,55.13,54.99.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C100H76N6O10S4 +[M+H]+,1650.4612;found:1650.4629.
如图1所示:图1是本发明实施例1中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子Ia的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱图。表明所制备的化合物具有近红外二区的长波长发射效果。
实施例2
1、化合物Ib的制备方法具体步骤如下:
将化合物II(300mg,0.178mmol)和Fe粉(200mg,3.57mmol)加入双颈烧瓶中。然后在N2气氛下加入HAc和CHCl3(v/v=5/1)。混合物在85℃下反应10小时。冷却至室温后,缓慢加入盐酸(2M)。随后,用乙酸乙酯萃取体系并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤3次。有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥并通过减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的粗品化合物不经进一步纯化直接用于Ib的合成。接下来,将粗产物和SeO2(198mg,1.78mmol)添加到双颈烧瓶中。然后在N2气氛下加入THF和CH3CH2OH(v/v=1/1)。混合物在70℃反应18小时。产物处理方法同化合物1,粗品经硅胶柱纯化(石油醚/二氯甲烷=1/3,v/v)得绿色粉末(127mg,收率:2步42.0%)。1H NMR(500MHz,THF-d8)δ7.58(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.97(d,J=6.4Hz,7H),6.96-6.89(m,7H),6.87(s,2H),6.85(d,J=4.9Hz,4H),6.83(s,2H),6.80(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.77(d,J=3.1Hz,4H),6.75(d,J=3.2Hz,4H),6.69(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.59(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.51(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),4.29(dd,J=4.3,2.2Hz,4H),4.19(dd,J=4.4,2.3Hz,4H),3.65(s,12H),3.57(s,6H).13CNMR(126MHz,THF-d8)δ159.28,159.16,158.75,157.49,152.89,148.30,147.51,146.57,145.06,142.80,140.82,140.75,139.59,139.23,138.72,137.26,136.93,133.22,133.19,132.82,132.03,128.24,127.90,127.40,126.62,122.88,122.80,115.37,113.54,111.06,65.42,65.03,55.41,55.15,55.00.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C100H76N6O10S3Se+[M+H]+,1698.4057;found:1698.4052.
如图1所示:图1是本发明实施例2中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子Ib的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱图。表明所制备的化合物具有近红外二区的长波长发射效果。
如图2所示:图2是本发明实施例2中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子Ib在DMSO和EtOH混合溶剂中的AIE曲线。表明所制备的化合物具有明显的AIE性质。
实施例3
Ib纳米粒子用于近红外二区荧光成像
所有NIR-II图像均在二维InGaAs相机(普林斯顿仪器)平台上收集。激发激光的功率密度为~78mW cm-2。发射光通过不同的长通滤光片收集。使用双透镜组获得可调放大倍率,范围从1倍(全身)到2.5倍(高放大率)。相机使用可变曝光时间在NIR-II窗口中捕捉图像。在将小鼠置于注射显像剂的台上之前,使用异氟醚麻醉小鼠。将25μL显像剂注射到小鼠的足垫或肿瘤中以观察SLN(持续按压足垫或肿瘤以确保足够的显像剂迁移到轻度LN)。通过尾静脉注射200μL显像剂来评估体内生物分布。
如图3所示:图3是本发明实施例3中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子制备成的纳米粒子的荧光成像效果图。如图3中a所示:Ib纳米粒子可以实现清晰的骨成像;如图3中b所示:Ib纳米粒子可以实现清晰的淋巴结成像;如图3中c所示:Ib纳米粒子可以实现清晰的血管成像;如图3中d所示:Ib纳米粒子可以实现清晰的肿瘤成像。
如图4所示:图4是本发明实施例3中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子制备成的纳米粒子与ICG进行淋巴结成像的对比图。从图4可以看出Ib纳米粒子无论从成像信噪比还是保留时间上都优于ICG。
如图5所示:图5是本发明实施例3中制备的近红外二区聚集诱导发光分子制备成的纳米粒子用于淋巴结手术导航的效果图。优异的淋巴结成像效果使得Ib纳米粒子可以用于淋巴结的手术导航。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料,其特征在于,所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料具有式Ib化学结构式:
。
2.一种权利要求1所述新型近红外二区聚集诱导发光材料在制备近红外二区淋巴结荧光成像试剂中的应用。
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