CN115245373B - 一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管 - Google Patents

一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管 Download PDF

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CN115245373B
CN115245373B CN202211169873.6A CN202211169873A CN115245373B CN 115245373 B CN115245373 B CN 115245373B CN 202211169873 A CN202211169873 A CN 202211169873A CN 115245373 B CN115245373 B CN 115245373B
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汪立
张晨朝
李政
沈炜
蔡涛
王君毅
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Shanghai Baixin'an Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,涉及医疗器械技术领域,包括球囊和内管,所述内管贯穿所述球囊,所述内管位于所述球囊的内部处连接有至少一个自旋转脉冲发射器,自旋转脉冲发射器在高压脉冲发生器产生冲击波时,在脉冲孔处冲击波反作用力下自动旋转,从而使得冲击波作用在球囊壁上的理疗更加均匀,并且具有向外扩散的离心力,减少冲击波传播过程中的衰减,使得治疗效果更佳,在皮冠状动脉血管介入术中,使用本发明设计的自旋转运动脉冲球囊扩张导管,在进行钙化斑块击碎过程中,通过旋转运动将脉冲波均匀作用在斑块上,节省手术治疗时。

Description

一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管。
背景技术
随着人口老龄化加剧,血管疾病逐年增加。当血管发生脂质代谢障碍,使得血管壁内皮下斑块钙化沉积,如果不进行药物或介入治疗,钙化物撕裂内皮导致血栓形成造成急性高血压、脑梗死和心肌梗死等症状。脉冲球囊扩张导管通过导丝引导进入血管钙化部位,高压脉冲发生器通过导线串联接入导管内部多电场发生器产生冲击波,击碎血管内钙化物。
脉冲球囊扩张导管经血管通路到达病变部位,通过外部脉冲电源高压放电。冲击波震源在脉冲发生器的微孔处,一个脉冲发生器的微孔设计是有限的,圆周上对称设计有多个脉冲发生器,设计的数量受到外电极的尺寸限制。多重冲击波波形呈扇形,由内向外扩散,直至消失,形成的冲击波传播过程的成像。冲击波的辐射传播过程伴随着衰减,靠近发生器最近的钙化物首先受到冲击,最远处的钙化物只会被很少冲量的压力波冲击,自然效果有限。
使用脉冲球囊扩张导管对冠状动脉硬化引起血管狭窄和阻塞治疗是PCI手术中一种重要手段。但是脉冲发生器的脉冲波在球囊内部不同部位的冲击力不同,作用在球囊壁上的力量也不均匀,由脂质和钙化物等构成的复杂的病变区域情况复杂,三维结构复杂不规则,一段狭窄血管的全周钙化物分布不均匀,球囊碎石效果不理想,现有技术一般都是通过扩大球囊尺寸来增加碎石效果。因此,本领域技术人员提供了一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括球囊和内管,所述内管贯穿所述球囊,所述内管位于所述球囊的内部处连接有至少一个自旋转脉冲发射器,自旋转脉冲发射器在高压脉冲发生器产生冲击波时,在冲击波反作用力下自动旋转。
优选的:所述自旋转脉冲发射器包括包裹在内管外部的内电极、套设在内电极外侧的绝缘管和套设在绝缘管外部的外电极,所述绝缘管和所述内电极之间具有供所述外电极旋转的间隙,所述外电极与绝缘管固定连接。
优选的:所述内电极为导电环。
优选的:所述外电极和绝缘管沿轴线方向旋转同心。
优选的:所述外电极和绝缘管的管壁开设有至少一个微孔,两侧孔壁从内向外平滑过渡,一侧孔壁比另一侧孔壁更倾斜。
优选的:所述微孔设置成倒锥体结构。
优选的:所述微孔包括第一孔壁和第二孔壁,第一孔壁和第二孔壁形成倒锥体结构。
优选的:所述第一孔壁和第二孔壁从内向外平滑过渡,第二孔壁比第一孔壁更倾斜。
优选的:所述微孔和绝缘管与内电极之间的间隙组成空腔结构。
本发明的技术效果和优点:
1、在皮冠状动脉血管介入术中,使用本发明设计的自旋转运动脉冲球囊扩张导管,在进行钙化斑块击碎过程中,通过旋转运动将脉冲波均匀作用在斑块上,使得多重冲击波波形由扇形逐渐变成圆环形,相对于扇形冲击波波形,冲击波的辐射范围更广,作用在球囊壁上的力量更加均匀。
2、本发明,在现有技术基础上,利用冲击波反作用力,实现外电极旋转运动,不会增加导管和球囊直径,可以深入到更细的血管内治疗。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例1提供的脉冲球囊扩张导管的结构示意图;
图2是本申请实施例2提供的脉冲球囊扩张导管的结构示意图;
图3是本申请实施例2提供的脉冲球囊扩张导管中绝缘管的结构示意图;
图4是本申请实施例2提供的脉冲球囊扩张导管中内电极和外电极的纵向剖视图。
图中:1、内管;2、内电极;3、绝缘管;4、外电极;5、第一孔壁;6、第二孔壁;7、球囊;8、微孔;9、自旋转脉冲发射器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的,而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用,并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。
实施例1
请参阅图1,在本实施例中提供一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括球囊7和内管1,内管1位于球囊7的内部处连接有至少一个自旋转脉冲发射器9,自旋转脉冲发生器9可以设置有一个、两个或者多个,具体数量可根据球囊7尺寸进行确定,自旋转脉冲发射器9在高压脉冲发生器产生冲击波时,在冲击波反作用力下自动旋转,辅助脉冲球囊扩张导管在手术中对血管钙化物治疗。
实施例2
在本实施例中提供一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,自旋转脉冲发射器9在垂直于所述内管1的中心轴线方向开设有至少一个微孔8,微孔8两侧孔壁不对称设计,两侧孔壁从内向外平滑过渡,一侧孔壁比另一侧孔壁更倾斜,自旋转脉冲发射器9在高压脉冲发生器产生冲击波时,在两侧的孔壁处会产生不同的作用力,在脉冲孔处冲击波反作用力下自动旋转,从而使得冲击波作用在球囊壁上的理疗更加均匀,减少冲击波传播过程中的衰减,使得治疗效果更佳。
而在现有技术中,脉冲发生器的脉冲波在球囊内部不同部位的冲击力不同,作用在球囊壁上的力量也不均匀,球囊碎石效果不理想,并且为了增加脉冲波的效果,需要增加球囊的直径;
本脉冲球囊扩张导管中,利用脉冲波的反作用下自动旋转,不增加机械结构,即可实现均匀圆周旋转,无需增加球囊直径,球囊和内管更加容易进入病灶部位。
实施例3
请参阅图2~4,在本实施例中提供一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括球囊7和内管1,内管1贯穿球囊7,内管1位于球囊7内部处包覆有内电极2,内电极2为导电环,内电极2外部设有绝缘管3,且绝缘管3和内电极2之间具有间隙,便于绝缘管3转动,绝缘管3外部包覆有外电极4,外电极4固定连接绝缘管3,外电极4和绝缘管3沿轴线方向旋转同心,外电极4与绝缘管3不发生相对运动,外电极4和绝缘管3的管壁开设有至少一个微孔8,微孔8设置成倒锥体结构,微孔8包括第一孔壁5和第二孔壁6,第一孔壁5和第二孔壁6从内向外平滑过渡,第二孔壁6比第一孔壁5更倾斜,绝缘管3和内电极2之间的间隙通过微孔8与外电极4外侧处于连通状态,脉冲球囊扩张导管通过导丝引导进入血管钙化部位,球囊7冲液后,在液体张力和外电极4的金属表面疏水构建了一个液气混合的空间,在高压和大电流作用下,内电极2和外电极4之间的分子被电离,形成等离子通道,伴随的强电场使得周围液体发生气化,瞬间气泡的产生与坍塌共同形成冲击波作用到球囊壁上对钙化物进行破碎,因微孔8中第一孔壁5和第二孔壁6不对称设计,微孔8和绝缘管3与内电极2之间的间隙组成空腔结构,在高压脉冲发生器通过导线串联接入球囊7内电极2和外电极4产生冲击波时,第一孔壁5和第二孔壁6处会产生不同的作用力,微孔8处的冲击波反作用力,使得外电极4和绝缘管3一同旋转,实现自旋转冲击治疗的作用,冲击波的辐射范围更广,作用在球囊壁上的力量更加均匀,并且具有向外扩散的离心力,减少冲击波传播过程中的衰减,从而使得治疗效果更佳。
实施例4
在本实施例中提供一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,自旋转脉冲发射器9包括但不限于本申请提出的包括内电极、绝缘管和外电极,还包括利用脉冲冲击波震动产生外电极旋转力,实现球囊全周旋转运动,辅助脉冲球囊扩张导管在手术中对血管钙化物治疗。
本发明的工作原理是:
本发明中,球囊7扩张导管经血管通路到达病变部位,通过外部脉冲电源高压放电,外电极4的微孔8处,液体张力和金属表面疏水构建了一个液气混合的空间,在高压和大电流作用下,内电极2和外电极4之间的分子被电离,形成等离子通道,伴随的强电场使得周围液体发生气化,瞬间气泡的产生与坍塌共同形成冲击波作用到球囊壁上;
冲击波震源在微孔8向外扩散,在发生冲击波的时候,冲击波反震导致外电极4和绝缘管3一同旋转,外电极4自旋转,使得多重冲击波波形由扇形逐渐变成圆环形,相对于扇形冲击波波形,冲击波的辐射范围更广,作用在球囊壁上的力量更加均匀;
进行自旋转冲击治疗时,外电极4和绝缘管3同步旋转,在液体张力作用下,外电极4和绝缘管3不易发生位移,使得自旋转稳定,达到稳定治疗的效果。
显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域及相关领域的普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应属于本发明保护的范围。本发明中未具体描述和解释说明的结构、装置以及操作方法,如无特别说明和限定,均按照本领域的常规手段进行实施。

Claims (4)

1.一种均匀碎化的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括球囊(7)和内管(1),所述内管(1)贯穿所述球囊(7),其特征在于,所述内管(1)位于所述球囊(7)的内部处连接有至少一个自旋转脉冲发射器(9),自旋转脉冲发射器(9)在高压脉冲发生器产生冲击波时,在冲击波反作用力下自动旋转,所述自旋转脉冲发射器包括包裹在内管(1)外部的内电极(2)、套设在所述内电极(2)外侧的绝缘管(3)和套设在绝缘管(3)外部的外电极(4),所述外电极(4)和绝缘管(3)的管壁开设有至少一个微孔(8),所述微孔(8)的两侧孔壁从内向外平滑过渡,一侧孔壁比另一侧孔壁更倾斜;
所述微孔(8)设置成倒锥体结构,所述微孔(8)包括第一孔壁(5)和第二孔壁(6),第一孔壁(5)和第二孔壁(6)从内向外平滑过渡,第二孔壁(6)比第一孔壁(5)更倾斜;
所述绝缘管(3)和所述内电极(2)之间具有供所述外电极(4)旋转的间隙,所述微孔(8)和所述间隙组成空腔结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于,所述外电极(4)与绝缘管(3)固定连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于,所述内电极(2)为导电环。
4.根据权利要求2所述的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于,所述外电极(4)和绝缘管(3)沿轴线方向旋转同心。
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