CN115232280B - 一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115232280B
CN115232280B CN202210887383.3A CN202210887383A CN115232280B CN 115232280 B CN115232280 B CN 115232280B CN 202210887383 A CN202210887383 A CN 202210887383A CN 115232280 B CN115232280 B CN 115232280B
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王靖然
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫,所述聚氨酯泡沫的原料及各原料的重量份数为:腰果酚基多元醇10‑30份,异氰酸酯60‑80份,木质素磺酸钠5‑15份,二乙二醇10‑20份,改性植酸水溶液2‑3份,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)0.1‑0.5份,MOF1‑5份,泡沫稳定剂0.1‑0.4份,去离子水1.0‑3.0份,三乙烯二胺0.1‑0.3份。本发明改性植酸的引入可以增强聚氨酯泡沫的机械性能和阻燃性,木质素磺酸钠的引入会提升阻燃性;本发明制备的聚氨酯泡沫具有优良的阻燃性、较高的吸油率,同时在水处理等领域有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
染料广泛用于食品、造纸、纺织、皮革、橡胶、塑料、化妆品和印染等行业中,在工业生产中起着重要的作用。但是在产品生产过程中产生了很多染料废水,废水潜在的致癌危害和其巨大的生物毒性,对环境和人类健康造成了严重的威胁,用适当的方法处理染料废水尤为重要。制备聚合物复合材料处理染料废水已受到研究人员的广泛关注,但目前的研究主要集中在去除单一种类染料上,而实际废水中通常含有不同电荷的染料。
罗丹明B是一种具有强烈荧光的人工合成染料,常被用作为细胞荧光染色剂、氧化还原指示剂、荧光测定锰、钴等,也被用于特色烟花爆竹、有色玻璃等行业。罗丹明B若被吸入或通过皮肤接触进入人体经生物转化,会有致癌的风险。除此以外,染料废水中可能还含有铬、钠、钾、铅等大量金属离子,存在一定生物毒性。需要寻找一些高效、环境友好型的处理染料废水的方法,可以减轻环境污染,保护生态环境。
金属-有机框架(MOF),也称为多孔配位聚合物,是由金属离子或金属簇和有机配体通过化学键配位组装成的一种新型晶体多孔材料。由于具有规律、良好的设计性能和高度可调且均匀的孔隙结构,使其成为具有广泛应用前景的材料。MOF材料具有超高的孔隙率(高达90%的自由孔隙)、具有高的比表面积,这种优异的特性使其可以用于吸附多种物质。其吸附机理主要是疏水作用、π-π相互作用以及静电相互作用。如果能将MOF与合适聚合物材料的复合,用于处理废水,可以成为一种高效、环境友好的处理废水方法。
聚合物泡沫和多孔塑料由于其多功能性、重量轻、优异的强度/重量比、卓越的绝缘能力、能量吸收性能和舒适特性而构成了整个塑料行业的重要组成部分,而在这其中汽车、建筑施工和包装等行业对它们有着极高的需求量,市场上可用于制备泡沫材料的聚合物主要是聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚氨酯等。
聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)占聚氨酯整体市场总份额超过50%。PUF被广泛应用于汽车隔热、鞋类、家具和货物运输包装,以及建筑隔热和减少噪音污染等诸多领域。近年来,生物基化学品和可再生资源已经成为研究热点,生物基产品及绿色能源的研究已经成为世界科技领域的前沿,世界各国都在积极推动,也为其市场的拓展创造了有利空间。
从腰果壳油中提取的腰果酚作为植物油的一种,由于其分子结构中存在的苯环以及长碳侧链,使其构成聚合物时能够兼顾刚性与韧性,独特的性能引起了研究者的广泛关注。但其并不能直接用于聚氨酯泡沫体系,通常需要进行改性制备成多元醇。由此制备的多元醇制备过程繁琐,后处理复杂,双键转换效率不高,且羟基位于长碳链中活性较差,通过合适的单体选择和分子设计,通过简单高效的反应引入活性羟基,对于腰果酚用于聚氨酯泡沫体系至关重要。
木质素作为一种清洁、可再生的生物质资源,对于解决化石燃料的短缺和全球环境问题具有重要的价值。木质素储量丰富,且产量每年还在继续增长,但其仍未得到有效利用。不同于其他生物质资源,木质素是由三种苯丙烷单元构成的三维无定形聚合物,其结构中含有大量的芳香环,具有一定的刚性和耐热性。
植酸(PA)作为植物中的常见成分,主要从豆类、油籽和谷物等中提取,它具有生物相容性、无毒性、环保性和可用性强等诸多特点。它由6个磷酸基团和12个羟基组成。PA由于其独特的结构,相对于其分子量而言,其磷含量高达28wt%,可将其作为阻燃剂应用于聚氨酯泡沫。但由于其酸性过强,会与聚氨酯泡沫体系中的催化剂发泡剂等反应,从而影响发泡反应。聚氨酯泡沫大量的多孔结构和有机成分使其高度易燃,极限氧指数仅在19.0%左右,因此,通过合适的改性将其作为阻燃剂引入到聚氨酯泡沫中,可提升阻燃性。
目前,用来处理染料废水的方法有吸附、催化、膜分离等,但是对于成分复杂的染料废水,处理起来还是比较有难度。因此,研发新的材料,使其具备一定的选择性,对于有针对性的去除废水中的染料和金属离子具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法。本发明改性植酸的引入可以增强聚氨酯泡沫的机械性能和阻燃性,木质素磺酸钠的引入会提升阻燃性;本发明制备的聚氨酯泡沫具有优良的阻燃性、较高的吸油率,同时在废水处理等领域有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫,所述聚氨酯泡沫的原料及各原料的重量份数为:腰果酚基多元醇10-30份,异氰酸酯60-80份,木质素磺酸钠5-15份,二乙二醇10-20份,改性植酸水溶液2-3份,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)0.1-0.5份,MOF 1-5份,泡沫稳定剂0.1-0.4份,去离子水1.0-3.0份,三乙烯二胺0.1-0.3份。
优选方案,所述腰果酚基多元醇PLR-DEA由腰果酚缩水甘油醚和二乙醇胺(DEA)反应制得;所述腰果酚缩水甘油醚为PLR-601。
进一步地,所述腰果酚缩水甘油醚与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:1。
具体地,取35.7g(0.1mol)腰果酚缩水甘油醚(PLR-601)和10.5g(0.1mol)的二乙醇胺(DEA)于装有搅拌器、回流器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,混合物在70-80℃下搅拌反应8-10h,冷却后得到腰果酚基多元醇PLR-DEA。
优选方案,所述异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)中的一种或多种。
优选方案,所述木质素磺酸钠为ARBO N22。
优选方案,所述改性植酸水溶液为植酸与三乙胺反应的产物;进一步地,所述植酸与三乙胺的摩尔比为1:7-10。
具体地,取28.3g(0.03mol)70%植酸水溶液和21.21g(0.21mol)的三乙胺加入到装有搅拌器、回流器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,室温搅拌1-2h,加热至50-60℃,保温2-3h,反应结束后冷却至室温,得到改性植酸(MPA)水溶液。
优选方案,所述MOF为ZIF-8、ZIF-67、UiO-66、UIO-66-NH2中的一种。
优选方案,所述泡沫稳定剂为美国道康宁硅油DC-193、江苏美思德化学股份有限公司M-6680、M-8805中的一种。
一种所述用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将5-15份木质素磺酸钠与10-20份二乙二醇混合,搅拌加热至70-90℃,冷却至室温后,再加入2-3份改性植酸水溶液、10-30份腰果酚基多元醇、0.1-0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、0.1-0.3份三乙烯二胺、0.1-0.4份泡沫稳定剂、1.0-3.0份去离子水、1-5份MOF,在800-1500rpm的转速下进行机械搅拌,使所有组分混合均匀,制得预混物;
向预混物中加入60-80份异氰酸酯,800-1500rpm的转速下搅拌10-20s,之后置于50-70℃的烘箱中熟化24-32h。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
本发明选用木质素的工业衍生物木质素磺酸钠作为体系的碳源,避免木质素在体系中由于羟基含量高易团聚的问题,也用其调控腰果酚基多元醇的反应活性。
本发明腰果酚基多元醇和改性植酸的合成步骤简便高效,一步反应即可,反应条件温和。植酸和木质素的特殊结构明显提升了聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性,所用的原材料来源丰富、价格低廉,属于可再生的生物基材料,节能环保。所制备的聚氨酯泡沫具有较强的吸油性,可作为油水分离材料应用。
本发明以MOF为功能材料,在反应过程中负载于聚氨酯泡沫,提高了MOF与聚氨酯泡沫间的结合力。聚氨酯泡沫作为支撑材料具有优异的物理和机械性能,可以在废水处理中多次重复使用,结合MOF的优点,可以吸附、捕获有毒重金属、和去除罗丹明等有机污染物,具备高效和选择性等优点。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得腰果酚基多元醇的1H NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例
一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取35.7g(0.1mol)腰果酚缩水甘油醚(PLR-601)和10.5g(0.1mol)的二乙醇胺(DEA)于装有搅拌器、回流器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,混合物在70℃下搅拌反应8h,冷却后得到腰果酚基多元醇PLR-DEA。PLR-601和PLR-DEA的1H NMR谱图如图1所示。由图可以看出,δ=6.6~7.2属于芳香环上的质子吸收峰,PLR-DEA在δ=4.8和4.3处有羟基质子吸收峰,证明反应成功进行,也证明了产物PLR-DEA的成功制备。
(2)取28.3g(0.03mol)70%植酸水溶液和21.21g(0.21mol)的三乙胺加入到装有搅拌器、回流器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,室温搅拌1h,加热至50℃,保温2h,反应结束后冷却至室温,得到改性植酸(MPA)水溶液。
(3)将木质素磺酸钠(S-L)与二乙二醇(DEG)混合,搅拌加热至80℃,冷却至室温后,再加入改性植酸水溶液(MPA)、腰果酚基多元醇(PLR-DEA)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、三乙烯二胺(A33)、泡沫稳定剂(DC-193)、去离子水、MOF(ZIF-8),在1000rpm的转速下进行机械搅拌,使所有组分混合均匀,制得预混物;向预混物中加入PAPI,1000rpm的转速下搅拌10s,之后置于60℃的烘箱中熟化24h,制得所述聚氨酯泡沫。各原料的用量详见表1所示。
对比例1和实施例1-4中各原料用量如表1所示。
表1
测试例:
(1)将对比例1和实施例1-4所得的聚氨酯泡沫进行性能测试,测试结果如表2所示。
表2
吸油率测定:选用二甲基硅油,用质量比来表示吸油率,将本发明实施例制得的聚氨酯泡沫切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的样品,记初始重量为m0,将其放入装有二甲基硅油的容器中,24h后取出试样,滴淌1h后称取质量m1,根据如下公式计算出吸油率,取五个样品的平均值为聚氨酯泡沫最终的吸油率:吸油率=(m1-m0)/m0×100%
由表2可以看出,本发明聚氨酯泡沫的平均密度均大于35kg/m3,达到了工业标准,并随着MOF添加量的增加而提高,聚氨酯泡沫的吸油率均较高,可能由于MOF的特殊结构提升了聚氨酯泡沫的整体性能。
(2)将本发明实施例制得的聚氨酯泡沫切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的样品,用于含金属离子水溶液的吸附研究,在含硝酸铅(20mg/LPbNO3)、硝酸钠(20mg/LNaNO3)、硝酸钾(20mg/LKNO3)的样品中分别加入聚氨酯泡沫,浸泡24h后检测样品中剩余铅离子、钠离子、钾离子浓度。将聚氨酯泡沫浸泡在10μg/mL罗丹明B溶液中,测试浓度考察对罗丹明B的吸附效果。吸附结果如表3所示。
表3
由表3可以看出,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫对罗丹明B、铅离子、钠离子、钾离子均具有一定的吸附性。随着MOF添加量的增加,聚氨酯泡沫对罗丹明B的吸附能力明显提升。测试结果还发现:聚氨酯泡沫对铅离子的吸附能力明显高于钠离子和钾离子,具备一定的选择性,有望用于水处理。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于水处理的聚氨酯泡沫,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯泡沫的原料及各原料的重量份数为:
腰果酚基多元醇 10-30份,
异氰酸酯 60-80份,
木质素磺酸钠 5-15份,
二乙二醇 10-20份,
改性植酸水溶液 2-3份,
二月桂酸二丁基锡 0.1-0.5份,
MOF 1-5份,
泡沫稳定剂 0.1-0.4份,
去离子水 1.0-3.0份,
三乙烯二胺 0.1-0.3份;
所述腰果酚基多元醇由腰果酚缩水甘油醚和二乙醇胺反应制得;所述腰果酚缩水甘油醚为PLR-601;
所述木质素磺酸钠为ARBO N22;
所述改性植酸水溶液为植酸与三乙胺反应的产物;所述植酸与三乙胺的摩尔比为1:7-10;
所述聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将5-15份木质素磺酸钠与10-20份二乙二醇混合,搅拌加热至70-90℃,冷却至室温后,再加入2-3份改性植酸水溶液、10-30份腰果酚基多元醇、0.2-0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡、0.1-0.3份三乙烯二胺、0.2-0.4份泡沫稳定剂、0.3-0.5份去离子水、1-5份MOF,在800-1500rpm的转速下进行机械搅拌,使所有组分混合均匀,制得预混物;
向预混物中加入60-80份异氰酸酯,800-1500rpm的转速下搅拌10-20s,之后置于50-70℃的烘箱中熟化24-32h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯泡沫,其特征在于,所述腰果酚缩水甘油醚与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯泡沫,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯泡沫,其特征在于,所述MOF为ZIF-8、ZIF-67、UiO-66、UIO-66-NH2中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯泡沫,其特征在于,所述泡沫稳定剂为美国道康宁硅油DC-193、江苏美思德化学股份有限公司M-6680、M-8805中的一种。
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