CN115226431B - Ecological restoration method for gangue vegetation - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for gangue vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226431B CN115226431B CN202210824802.9A CN202210824802A CN115226431B CN 115226431 B CN115226431 B CN 115226431B CN 202210824802 A CN202210824802 A CN 202210824802A CN 115226431 B CN115226431 B CN 115226431B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gangue vegetation ecological restoration method, which is applied to the technical field of gangue ecological restoration and has the technical scheme that: step one, designing a coal gangue hill into a stepped structure, wherein the width of a step is 1-1.5 m, the fall of a terrace is 3-4.5 m, the slope angle is set to be 35-40 degrees, a vegetation blanket is planted on a slope of the coal gangue hill, a slope toe adopts a concrete net structure, and an isolation layer is arranged between the slope toe and the ground; pouring treatment fluid into acid mineral water in the coal gangue hill, then spraying oxalic acid on the surface of the coal gangue hill to enable the outer layer of pyrite to generate a 3-4 cm oxygen-isolation film, and coating a mixture of silt and yellow mud on the surface of the coal gangue hill; the method has the technical effects that: the influence of acid wastewater on the surrounding ecological environment is reduced, so that the ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of coal gangue, in particular to an ecological restoration method of coal gangue vegetation.
Background
The gangue is solid waste discharged in the coal mining process and the coal washing process, and is a black gray rock which has lower carbon content and is harder than coal and is associated with a coal bed in the coal forming process. The method comprises the steps of tunneling gangue in a tunnel tunneling process, gangue extracted from a top plate, a bottom plate and an interlayer in a mining process and gangue washing selected in a coal washing process, along with the development of coal mining, the yield of the gangue is increased, the gangue is piled up for a long time, and the influence of the surrounding ecological environment is easily brought, so that the ecological restoration of the gangue is crucial.
The invention of Chinese patent publication No. CN102251775B is an ecological restoration method for coal gangue hill, which is characterized in that an annular plant ditch and a longitudinal drainage ditch are arranged from top to bottom while a coal gangue hill is arranged, clay is added on the gangue and tamped, a mixture of dehydrated sludge and the gangue is added on the clay between the ditches, and a southeast rhodiola root is planted, a mixed matrix consisting of soil on the surface layer of the gangue hill, cured pig manure and vermiculite is added in the plant ditch, and the humifuse euphorbia herb, crape myrtle and small lumbar support are planted in the mixed matrix repeatedly in sequence. The method can effectively reduce spontaneous combustion probability of the gangue, shortens the repairing period, changes waste into valuable by utilizing the dehydrated activated sludge, and can obtain certain economic benefit.
Aiming at the related technology in the patent, although ecological restoration is carried out on the gangue, the gangue contains sulfur, the gangue exists in a pyrite form, and after the gangue with high sulfur content contacts air and water, acidic wastewater with high heavy metal content can be generated through oxidative decomposition, so that the pollution of soil, surface water and underground water is caused, and the success of plant re-planting is also seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gangue vegetation ecological restoration method, which has the advantages that: the influence of acid wastewater on the surrounding ecological environment is reduced, so that the ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue is better.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an ecological restoration method for gangue vegetation comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a coal gangue hill into a stepped structure, wherein the width of a step is 1-1.5 m, the fall of a terrace is 3-4.5 m, the slope angle is set to be 35-40 degrees, a vegetation blanket is planted on a slope of the coal gangue hill, a slope toe adopts a concrete net structure, and an isolation layer is arranged between the slope toe and the ground;
pouring treatment fluid into acid mineral water in the coal gangue hill, then spraying oxalic acid on the surface of the coal gangue hill to enable the outer layer of pyrite to generate a 3-4 cm oxygen-isolation film, and coating a mixture of silt and yellow mud on the surface of the coal gangue hill;
thirdly, adding loess into lime, wherein the volume ratio of the lime to the loess is 2:1, adding water, reacting for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 60-95 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-800 r/min, stirring uniformly, settling for 30-45 min to form a solution, injecting a foaming agent into the solution, adding a thickening agent, stirring again, settling to form a flame-retardant liquid, adding an active diluent and a catalyst into the flame-retardant liquid, stirring uniformly to form a flame retardant, drilling holes on a coal gangue, and injecting the flame retardant into the coal gangue through an injector;
covering a soil layer with the depth of 1-2 m on the gangue hill, applying compost, organic sludge and fertilizer in the soil layer, compacting the surface soil of the soil layer, planting nitrogen-fixing plants, resistant plants and living-resistant plants in the soil layer, and arranging a water storage pool, a spray pipe and a drainage ditch on the soil layer;
and fifthly, covering a layer of reinforced vegetation blanket with the thickness of 0.3-0.6 m on the side slope of the coal gangue.
Through the technical scheme, acidic substances in the acidic mineral water are neutralized through the treatment liquid, and the film covered on the surface of the pyrite inhibits further oxidation of the pyrite, so that the generation of the acidic waste mineral water is prevented, the influence of the acidic waste mineral water on the surrounding ecological environment is reduced, and the ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue is better.
The invention is further provided with: the treatment fluid in the second step is sodium carbonate fluid and a thiobacillus ferrooxidans inhibitor, and the volume ratio of the sodium carbonate fluid to the thiobacillus firework inhibitor is 1:1.3.
the invention is further provided with: the reactive diluent in the third step is dodecyl glycidyl ether, the catalyst is triethanolamine, the foaming agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, and the thickener is maleic anhydride.
The invention is further provided with: the soil layer in the fourth step is formed by mixing fine wood dust, dried bark, peat, soil, lime and coarse-grain-like organic mixture.
The invention is further provided with: the nitrogen fixing plant in the fourth step is soybean plant, the resistant plant is beard branch, and the living resistant plant is Saprolegnia.
The invention is further provided with: and in the fifth step, the reinforced plant blanket is a substrate formed by rice straws and wheat straws, shrub seeds are sprinkled on the substrate, and then a protective net is fixed on the surface of the plant blanket.
The invention is further provided with: the isolation layer in the first step is formed by mixing and compacting fly ash, loess and fine gangue particles in a volume ratio of 3:2:1.5.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the treatment liquid neutralizes acidic substances in the acidic mineral water, and the film covered on the surface of the pyrite inhibits further oxidation of the pyrite, so that the generation of the acidic waste mineral water is prevented, the influence of the acidic waste mineral water on the surrounding ecological environment is reduced, and the ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue is better.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Examples: the ecological restoration method of the coal gangue vegetation comprises the steps that a coal gangue mountain is designed to be of a step structure, the width of the steps is 1-1.5 m, the terrace fall is 3-4.5 m, the slope angle is set to be 35-40 degrees in an inclined mode, a vegetation blanket is planted on the slope of the coal gangue mountain, a concrete net structure is adopted for the slope toe, an isolation layer is arranged between the slope toe and the ground, and the isolation layer is formed by mixing and compacting fly ash, loess and fine gangue particles in a volume ratio of 3:2:1.5;
specifically, the step structure can increase the stability of coal gangue mountain, and the slope setting of slope is convenient for the rainwater to flow down along the coal gangue mountain, reduces soil erosion and water loss, improves the water absorption of plant, is convenient for the better survival of plant.
Further, pouring treatment fluid into acid mineral water in the coal gangue hill, and then irrigating oxalic acid on the surface of the coal gangue hill, so that the outer layer of pyrite survives by 3-4 cm of oxygen isolation film, coating a mixture of silt and yellow mud on the surface of the coal gangue hill, wherein the treatment fluid is sodium carbonate fluid and a thiobacillus ferrooxidans inhibitor, and the volume ratio of the sodium carbonate fluid to the thiobacillus firework paste inhibitor is 1:1.3, neutralizing acidic substances in the acidic mineral water by the treatment liquid, and inhibiting further oxidation of pyrite by a film covered on the surface of pyrite, thereby preventing the generation of acidic waste mineral water and reducing the influence of the acidic waste mineral water on the surrounding ecological environment.
Further, loess is added into lime, the volume ratio of the lime to the loess is 2:1, water is added to react for 1h to 1.5h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to 95 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150r/min to 800r/min, stirring is carried out uniformly, sedimentation is carried out for 30 min to 45min, a solution is formed, foaming agent is injected into the solution, thickening agent is added, stirring and sedimentation are carried out again, flame retardant liquid is formed, active diluent and catalyst are added into the flame retardant liquid, stirring is carried out uniformly, a flame retardant is formed, holes are drilled on the gangue, the flame retardant is injected into the gangue through an injector, the active diluent is dodecyl glycidyl ether, the catalyst is triethanolamine, the foaming agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, the thickening agent is maleic anhydride, the gangue lacks oxygen supply, further oxidation exothermic reaction of the gangue is inhibited, the gangue is prevented from being flame-retarded, the lime can absorb SO2 gas released by the gangue combustion, the lime reacts with SO2 and SO3, and the calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate are generated through chemical reaction, and the oxygen isolation effect is achieved.
Further, a layer of 1-2 m deep soil layer is covered on a coal gangue mountain, compost, organic sludge and fertilizer are applied to the soil layer, surface soil of the soil layer is compacted, nitrogen-fixing plants, resistant plants and living-resistant plants are planted in the soil layer, a water storage tank, a spray pipe and a drainage ditch are arranged on the soil layer, the soil layer is formed by mixing lime and coarse-grain organic mixture with fine wood dust, dried bark, peat and soil, the nitrogen-fixing plants are soybean plants, the resistant plants are beard branches, the living-resistant plants are sand, the fertilizer is applied to the soil layer to provide nutrient conditions for plant growth, the lime and peat mixture can neutralize acidity in the soil, the possibility of suddenly excessive compaction is reduced, the nitrogen-fixing plants can provide organic nitrogen for other kinds of plants beside the root system part, the resistant plants can survive fast, shade the surface, improve the humidity and the temperature of the soil layer, facilitate the normal survival of other plants, and the living-resistant plants can grow normally.
Further, a layer of reinforced plant blanket with the thickness of 0.3-0.6 m is covered on the side slope of the coal gangue, the plant blanket is a substrate formed by rice straws and wheat straws, shrub seeds are splashed on the substrate, then a protective net is fixed on the surface of the plant blanket, the plant blanket enables the slope surface of the coal gangue to be greenly covered, along with plant growth, the plant rhizosphere further reinforces the side slope soil, and the stability of the side slope is improved.
The beneficial effects are that: the step structure can increase the stability of the gangue hill, slope setting is convenient for the rainwater to flow down along the gangue hill, reduce water and soil loss, improve the water absorption of plant, be convenient for plant better survival, through the acidic material in the treatment fluid neutralization acid mineral water, and the film that the surface of pyrite covered suppresses pyrite and further prevents the production of acid waste mineral water, reduce the influence of acid waste mineral water to the surrounding ecological environment, the fire retardant wraps up the gangue, make the gangue lack oxygen supply, and then restrain the oxidation exothermic reaction of gangue, prevent the gangue fire-retardant, and lime can absorb the SO2 gas that the gangue burns and releases, lime reacts with SO2 and SO3, play the oxygen isolation effect through chemical reaction, apply fertilizer in soil layer and can provide vegetation's acid condition, lime and peat mixture can neutralize the acidity in the soil, and reduce abrupt excessive possibility of compaction, nitrogen fixation plant can provide organic nitrogen for other plant species next to the position, the plant can survive fast, for the soil surface improvement, the moisture of plant growth factor, the slope can be normally, the slope surface is improved, the plant growth is normally, the slope face is normally is continued with the growth along with the growth of other plant growth, the growth of the face, the slope is normally is improved, the slope is normally is continued with the growth of plant growth.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The ecological restoration method for the gangue vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, designing a coal gangue hill into a stepped structure, wherein the width of a step is 1-1.5 m, the fall of a terrace is 3-4.5 m, the slope angle is set to be 35-40 degrees, a vegetation blanket is planted on a slope of the coal gangue hill, a slope toe adopts a concrete net structure, and an isolation layer is arranged between the slope toe and the ground;
step two, pouring a treatment liquid into acidic mineral water in the coal gangue hill, wherein the treatment liquid is sodium carbonate liquid and a thiobacillus ferrooxidans inhibitor, and the volume ratio of the sodium carbonate liquid to the thiobacillus ferrooxidans inhibitor is 1:1.3, spraying oxalic acid on the surface of the coal gangue hill to enable the outer layer of pyrite to generate a 3-4 cm oxygen-isolation film, and coating the mixture of silt and yellow mud on the surface of the coal gangue hill;
thirdly, adding loess into lime, wherein the volume ratio of the lime to the loess is 2:1, adding water, reacting for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 60-95 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-800 r/min, stirring uniformly, settling for 30-45 min to form a solution, injecting a foaming agent into the solution, adding a thickening agent, stirring again, settling to form a flame-retardant liquid, adding an active diluent and a catalyst into the flame-retardant liquid, wherein the active diluent is dodecyl glycidyl ether, the catalyst is triethanolamine, the foaming agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, the thickening agent is maleic anhydride, stirring uniformly to form a flame retardant, drilling holes on a coal gangue, and injecting the flame retardant into the coal gangue through an injector;
covering a soil layer with the depth of 1-2 m on the gangue hill, applying compost, organic sludge and fertilizer in the soil layer, compacting surface soil of the soil layer, planting soybean plants, lespedeza and sand in the soil layer, and arranging a water storage pool, a spray pipe and a drainage ditch on the soil layer;
and fifthly, covering a layer of reinforced vegetation blanket with the thickness of 0.3-0.6 m on the side slope of the gangue hill.
2. The method for ecologically repairing gangue vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soil layer in the fourth step is formed by mixing fine wood dust, dried bark, peat, soil, lime and coarse-grain-like organic mixture.
3. The method for ecologically repairing gangue vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, the reinforced plant blanket is a substrate formed by rice straws and wheat straws, shrub seeds are sprinkled on the substrate, and then a protective net is fixed on the surface of the plant blanket.
4. The method for ecologically repairing gangue vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the isolation layer in the first step is formed by mixing and compacting fly ash, loess and fine gangue particles in a volume ratio of 3:2:1.5.
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| CN202210824802.9A CN115226431B (en) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Ecological restoration method for gangue vegetation |
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| CN202210824802.9A CN115226431B (en) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Ecological restoration method for gangue vegetation |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07165458A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-06-27 | Shimane Gijutsu Shinko Kyokai | Desulfurization of clay using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and apparatus therefor |
| CN1475312A (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2004-02-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Recovery technology of metal sulfide ore tailings |
| CN101011009A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Greening method of self-ignition coal gangue hill |
| CN102251775A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-11-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Ecological restoration method for coal gangue dump |
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- 2022-07-14 CN CN202210824802.9A patent/CN115226431B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07165458A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-06-27 | Shimane Gijutsu Shinko Kyokai | Desulfurization of clay using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and apparatus therefor |
| CN1475312A (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2004-02-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Recovery technology of metal sulfide ore tailings |
| CN101011009A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Greening method of self-ignition coal gangue hill |
| CN102251775A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-11-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Ecological restoration method for coal gangue dump |
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