CN114793526A - Method for artificially accelerating reconstruction of mining industry waste site conditions - Google Patents
Method for artificially accelerating reconstruction of mining industry waste site conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793526A CN114793526A CN202210438039.6A CN202210438039A CN114793526A CN 114793526 A CN114793526 A CN 114793526A CN 202210438039 A CN202210438039 A CN 202210438039A CN 114793526 A CN114793526 A CN 114793526A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially accelerating reconstruction of abandoned site conditions of mining industry, which comprises the following steps: collecting waste soil and stones in mining waste lands, crushing, drying the agricultural and forestry solid wastes, and fully mixing the agricultural and forestry solid wastes for later use; carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the mixture in an anoxic state; carrying out flat plowing on the mining waste land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the mining waste land to obtain a covering layer; adding silicate bacteria into the obtained covering layer, uniformly mixing, and finally planting plants. According to the invention, the biomass and the waste soil and stone are subjected to co-pyrolysis, so that the organic carbon content of the soil is effectively increased, the soil fertility is improved, the weathering of the waste soil and stone is accelerated, and the release of nutrient elements in secondary minerals is promoted by persulfate bacteria. According to the invention, through a method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the site conditions of the mining abandoned land, the content of nutrient elements in the soil is improved, sulfur and carbon are fixed, heavy metals are stabilized, and the site conditions are provided for further mine reclamation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining waste land restoration, and particularly relates to a method for artificially accelerating reconstruction of vertical conditions of a mining waste land.
Background
The mining waste land refers to land which is damaged and occupied by mining activities and cannot be used without being treated, and comprises exposed mining rock openings, waste soil (stones and slag) piles, coal gangue piles, tailing reservoirs, waste plant buildings and other construction lands, underground mining subsidence lands, and waste lands which are defined and have hidden danger of mining subsidence. The mining waste land can be divided into a resource exhaustion type, a resource mining forbidden type, a rich and poor mining type and a mining waste land with a special landslide disaster frequent type, a mining collapse type and a tailing accumulation type due to irregular mining according to the formation reasons of the waste land. In mining waste fields such as a large number of tailing storage yards and the like, the problems of restriction on mine reclamation and ecological restoration such as more stones and less soil, poor site conditions, lack of nutrient elements, lack of earthing sources necessary for vegetation restoration and the like generally exist.
Currently, much research has been conducted on the restoration of mining wasteland, for example, CN112934947A discloses an ecological restoration method of mining wasteland, which comprises the steps of performing hydrothermal carbonization on crushed waste biomass, adding a nutrient solution, then uniformly mixing eutrophic hydrothermal carbon, water-absorbing minerals, biological macromolecules, water-absorbing monomers, a cross-linking agent and an inducer, performing polymerization reaction to obtain a modifier, and finally adding the modifier into the soil of mining wasteland for improvement. Although the modifier with rich nutrients, nutrient slow release effect and water retention capacity is obtained by the method, basically, the ore in the abandoned mine field is not treated, and the problem of nutrient element deficiency is solved only by adding the modifier prepared from a large amount of complex components, but the problems of more stone and less soil and poor field conditions of the abandoned mine field are not solved. In addition, CN108271454A discloses a method for repairing a pyrite mine wasteland, which is to excavate a site to be treated to obtain a backfill pit and an acid matrix to be repaired; preparing a modifying agent, and mixing the prepared modifying agent and the acid matrix to be repaired to obtain a repaired acid matrix; paving rubbles in the backfill pits to serve as an isolation flow guide layer; backfilling the repaired acid substrate into a backfilling pit paved with rubbles, and planting vegetation after covering with surface soil. The method also only improves the problem of lack of nutrient elements by adding a modifier, prevents acid in a rubble isolation diversion layer, improves the acidity by adding slaked lime and the like and stabilizes heavy metals, has the problems of complex added raw materials, high cost and low availability, and does not relate to the problem of poor condition of a plurality of places of essential ores of a mine waste place.
Therefore, in order to realize the soil treatment of the ore in the waste soil and the stone, improve the soil structure, solve the problem of mineral nutrient element deficiency and restore the original vegetation condition of a large amount of mining waste lands, the invention needs to invent a method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the site condition of the mining waste lands.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the site conditions of the mining waste site, so that the waste soil and the waste stone and the biomass are subjected to co-pyrolysis.
The aim of the invention is achieved by a method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the site conditions of the abandoned mining field, comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting waste soil and stones of the mining waste land, crushing, drying the agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the forestry solid waste for later use;
s2, carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste soil and stone obtained in the step (1) and the mixture of the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in an anoxic state;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathering product obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, flatly turning over the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer;
and S4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and finally planting the plants.
Preferably, the mining industry waste land in the step (1) is one or more of a naked mining rock mouth, a waste soil and rock pile, a waste soil and slag pile, a coal and gangue pile, a tailing pond and a waste factory building, and the crushed particle size of the waste soil and rock is not less than 100 mm.
Preferably, the waste earth and stone of the mining wasteland is one or more of limestone, marble and dolomite.
Preferably, the agricultural and forestry solid waste in the step (1) comprises one or more of crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and fruit and vegetable waste, and is dried until the water content is not higher than 50%.
Preferably, the temperature of the co-pyrolysis weathering in the step (2) is 500-.
Preferably, the thickness of the covering layer in the step (3) is 10-25 cm.
Preferably, the covering layer obtained in the step (3) is subjected to freeze-thaw cycle, specifically, in winter when the temperature is above zero daytime and below zero nighttime in mining abandoned places, the covering layer is sprayed with water with the water spraying amount not higher than the saturated water content of the covering layer, the covering layer is coated with a film after water spraying until the covering layer is frozen at night, and the film is removed; and spraying water and covering a film according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in the daytime to ensure that the covering layer is frozen at night, and circulating until the temperature is higher than zero at night.
Preferably, the silicate bacteria in step (4) are commercially available phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria.
Preferably, the silicate bacteria in step (4) are Bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preferably, the concentration of silicate bacteria in step (4) is 10 3- 10 9 cfu/g，PH5-8。
Preferably, the temperature of the coating layer during the silicate bacteria addition in step (4) is 15-45 ℃.
Preferably, the plants in the step (4) comprise any one or more of sea buckthorn, amorpha fruticosa, sabina vulgaris, robinia pseudoacacia, fructus forsythiae, mulberry twigs, caragana microphylla, salix mongolica, conifer and willow, and the plants are planted according to the conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention co-pyrolyzes the waste soil and the biomass which contain more soil and less soil on the surface layer of the mining waste land, on one hand, the weathering of stones can be accelerated, on the other hand, the biomass and the waste soil and the biomass are converted into the biochar to be tightly combined with the waste soil and the waste rock in the pyrolysis process, and the sulfur fixation and carbon fixation are realized, and the heavy metal is stabilized.
2. The silicate bacteria are added to play a role in accelerating the biological differentiation of the ore, so that the release of nutrient elements is promoted, the silicate bacteria and the biomass pyrolysis are combined with each other, the artificial accelerated weathering process can radically reconstruct the site conditions of the mining wasteland, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent mine reclamation and ecological restoration.
3. The method has the advantages that the agricultural and forestry solid wastes are pyrolyzed, the soil is promoted to achieve the carbon fixation effect, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the agricultural and forestry solid wastes are recycled, heavy metals are fixed, and the obtained biochar is used as a carbon source to provide nutrient substances for the addition of silicate bacteria.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste soil and stones in the mining waste land, crushing, drying the agricultural and forestry solid wastes, and fully mixing the agricultural and forestry solid wastes for later use; the mining waste land is a copper tailing pond, and the crushed particle size of waste soil and stone is not less than 10 mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises a mixture of crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and fruit and vegetable waste, and is dried until the water content is not higher than 50%.
S2, carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the mixture of the waste soil and the waste rock obtained in the step (1) and the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature is 500 ℃, and the reaction time is 100 min;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathering product obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, flatly turning over the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 25 cm; in the embodiment, the reconstruction of the condition of the abandoned land and the vertical land of the mining industry is carried out in winter, the lowest temperature of the ground of the tailing pond is lower than-1 ℃ for 8 days at 2 months and night, the obtained covering layer is subjected to freeze-thaw cycle depending on weather conditions, the covering layer is sprayed with water with the water spraying amount being 80% of the saturated water content of the covering layer, the covering layer is coated with water after the water spraying until the covering layer is frozen at night, and the film is uncovered; and then spraying water according to the melting condition of the covering layer in the daytime to ensure that the water content is 80% of the saturated water content, and circulating until the temperature is higher than zero at night.
S4, when the temperature of the covering layer is not lower than 15 ℃ in spring, adding bacillus mucilaginosus into the covering layer obtained in the step (3) and the concentration is 10 3 cfu/g, PH5, mixing uniformly, and finally planting the plants. The plants comprise sea buckthorn and amorpha fruticosa, and the planting of the plants comprises conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease damage protection. The survival rate of the plants planted in the embodiment is higher than 90%.
Example 2
A method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste soil and stones in the mining waste land, crushing, drying the agricultural and forestry solid wastes, and fully mixing the agricultural and forestry solid wastes for later use; the mining waste land is a waste soil and stone pile, and the broken particle size of the waste soil and stone is not less than 100 mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises crop straws, and the drying is carried out until the water content is not higher than 30%.
S2, carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the mixture of the waste soil and the waste rock obtained in the step (1) and the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature is 800 ℃, and the reaction time is 40 min;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathering product obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, flatly turning over the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 10 cm; in the embodiment, the reconstruction of the conditions of the abandoned land and the vertical land of the mining industry is carried out in winter, the lowest temperature of the land where the waste earth and rock pile is located is lower than minus 1 ℃ for 14 days at 2 months and night, the obtained covering layer is subjected to freeze-thaw cycle depending on weather conditions, the covering layer is sprayed with water with the water spraying amount being 90 percent of the saturated water content of the covering layer, the covering layer is coated with a film after the water spraying until the covering layer is frozen at night, and the film is uncovered; and spraying water to 90% of the saturated water content according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in the daytime, covering a film to ensure that the covering layer is frozen and formed at night, and circulating until the temperature is higher than zero at night.
S4, when the temperature of the covering layer is 15-45 ℃ in spring, adding commercially available phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria with the concentration of 10 into the covering layer obtained in the step (3) 9 cfu/g, PH8, mixing uniformly, and finally planting the plants. The plants comprise sabina vulgaris, robinia pseudoacacia and willow, and the planting of the plants comprises conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease damage protection. The survival rate of the plants planted in the embodiment is higher than 92%.
Example 3
A method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste soil and stones in the mining waste land, crushing, drying the agricultural and forestry solid wastes, and fully mixing the agricultural and forestry solid wastes for later use; the mining waste land is a naked waste factory building, and the broken particle size of waste soil and stone is not less than 50 mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises crop straws and fruit and vegetable waste, and is dried until the water content is not higher than 40%.
S2, carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the mixture of the waste soil and the waste rock obtained in the step (1) and the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature is 600 ℃, and the reaction time is 60 min;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathering product obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, flatly turning over the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 20 cm; in the embodiment, the reconstruction of the conditions of the abandoned land and the vertical land of the mining industry is carried out in winter, the lowest temperature of the abandoned plant is lower than-1 ℃ for 10 days at 2 months and night, the obtained covering layer is subjected to freeze thawing circulation depending on weather conditions, the covering layer is sprayed with water at first, the water spraying amount is not higher than 70% of the saturated water content of the covering layer, the covering layer is coated with a film after water spraying until the covering layer is frozen at night, and the film is removed; and spraying water and covering a film according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in the daytime to ensure that the covering layer is frozen at night, and circulating until the temperature is higher than zero at night.
S4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step (3) when the covering layer temperature is 15-35 ℃ in spring and the concentration is 10 6- cfu/g, PH7, mixing uniformly, and finally planting the plants. The plants comprise fructus forsythiae, mulberry twigs and caragana microphylla, and are planted according to the conventional way, such as irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection. The survival rate of the plants planted in the embodiment is higher than 95%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting waste soil and stones of the mining waste land, crushing, drying the agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the forestry solid waste for later use;
s2, carrying out co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste soil and stone obtained in the step (1) and the mixture of the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in an anoxic state;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathering product obtained in the step (2) to normal temperature, flatly turning over the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathering product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer;
and S4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and finally planting the plants.
2. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the site conditions of the mining industry waste site according to claim 1, wherein the mining industry waste site in the step (1) is one or more of a bare mining rock mouth, a waste soil and rock heap, a waste soil and slag heap, a coal and rock heap, a tailing pond and a waste factory building, and the broken particle size of the waste soil and rock is not less than 100 mm.
3. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the mining industry waste site conditions according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural and forestry solid wastes in the step (1) comprise one or more of crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable wastes, and the drying is carried out until the water content is not higher than 50%.
4. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry according to the claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the co-pyrolysis weathering in the step (2) is 500-800 ℃, and the reaction time is 40-100 min.
5. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned land conditions of mining industry according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the covering layer in the step (3) is 10-25 cm.
6. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the conditions of the mining waste site according to claim 1, wherein the overburden obtained in the step (3) is subjected to freeze-thaw cycling, and particularly, in winter when the temperature is higher than zero in daytime and lower than zero in nighttime in the mining waste site, the overburden is sprayed with water at a rate not higher than the saturated water content of the overburden, and after spraying water, the overburden is coated until the overburden is frozen at nighttime, and the overburden is removed; and spraying water and covering a film according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in the daytime to ensure that the covering layer is frozen at night, and circulating until the temperature is higher than zero at night.
7. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned site conditions of the mining industry according to claim 1, wherein the silicate bacteria in the step (4) are commercially available phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria.
8. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned land conditions of mining industry according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of the silicate bacteria in the step (4) is 10 3- 10 9 cfu/g，PH5-8。
9. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned land site conditions of the mining industry according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the overburden during the silicate bacteria addition in step (4) is 15-45 ℃.
10. The method of artificially accelerating the reconstruction of the abandoned land of mining industry according to claim 1, wherein the plants of the step (4) comprise any one or more of sea buckthorn, amorpha fruticosa, sabina vulgaris, robinia pseudoacacia, forsythia suspensa, mulberries, caragana microphylla, salix mongolica, conifer and willow.
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